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they were putting their hand to the work a second time, and suddenly fire leaped up from the foundations of the sanctuary and consumed many; and this is both told and believed by all without fear and is doubted by no one, except that some say that as they were forcing their way into the sanctuary, a flame met them and did the aforesaid deed, while others say, as soon as they began to carry out the earth. But whether one accepts this or the former account, each is a very similar miracle. 5.22.12 And in addition to this, another event occurred, both clearer and more extraordinary than the former. For the garments of all were spontaneously marked with the sign of the cross, and they had their clothing embroidered in a way with stars 5.22.13 as if marked by the skill of a weaver. From this, some immediately judged that Christ is God and was not pleased with the renewal of the temple, while others not long after joined the church and were initiated and with hymns and supplications propitiated Christ for what they had dared. 5.22.14 To whomever these things do not appear credible, let them be convinced by those who heard from the eyewitnesses and are still living, and let them be convinced also by the Jews and Greeks who left the work half-finished, or rather, were not even able to begin the work.

6.t.1 THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HERMIAS SOZOMENUS, BOOK SIX 6.1.1 As many things indeed as happened to the churches during the reign of Julian

I have learned, have been shown in the preceding. And at the beginning of spring, it seemed good to him to campaign against the Persians, and he swiftly crossed the Euphrates river; and having passed by Edessa, perhaps out of hatred for the inhabitants, since from the beginning it had been the lot of this city for all its people to be Christian, he came to Carrhae; where, finding a temple of Zeus, 6.1.2 he sacrificed and prayed. After this, from the troops that followed he sent about twenty thousand hoplites to the Tigris river, both for the sake of guarding the places and to be at his disposal when he might call; and he wrote to Arsaces, the leader of the Armenians who was allied with the Romans, to join 6.1.3 him near the enemy territory. And having acted with excessive arrogance in the letter, both exalting himself as suited for leadership and a friend to those he considered gods, and having reviled Constantius, whom he had succeeded, as unmanly and impious, he threatened him very insolently; and since he learned that he was a Christian, increasing the insolence or rather hastening to blaspheme against Christ things which are not lawful (for he was accustomed to dare this on every occasion), he boasted, implying that he whom he considers God would not help him for disregarding what was commanded. 6.1.4 When he thought these things were in good order, taking the Roman army, he led it through Assyria. And he took some cities and fortresses, some by treachery, others by war, and he went forward recklessly, taking no thought for the things behind him or that he would need to return again the same way; but whatever he captured, he terribly ravaged, and storehouses and other things he either tore down or 6.1.5 burned. And proceeding along the Euphrates, he arrived not far from Ctesiphon. This is a great city and now holds the Persian royal court instead of Babylon; and the Tigris flows not far from it. And since it was not possible for the ships to approach Ctesiphon because of the land in between, but it seemed necessary either to pass by the city or to disregard the ships, having questioned some of the captives, he found a navigable canal that had been filled up by time; and 6.1.6 having cut through what separated them, he drew the Euphrates into the Tigris. And in this way, having the ships sailing alongside the army, he proceeded against the city. And when the Persians appeared with a great force of cavalry and infantry and elephants on the bank of the Tigris, seeing that in enemy land, between two very great rivers, his army was all but besieged and in danger of being destroyed by famine, whether they remained there or returned by the same road, of the

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τὸ δεύτερον ἐνεχείρουν τῷ ἔργῳ, καὶ πῦρ ἐξαίφνης ἐκ τῶν θεμελίων τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἀνέθορεν καὶ πολλοὺς ἀνάλωσε· καὶ τοῦτο πρὸς πάντων ἀδεῶς λέγεταί τε καὶ πιστεύεται καὶ παρ' οὐδενὸς ἀμφιβάλλεται, πλὴν ὅτι οἱ μέν φασιν ὅτι βιαζομένους αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν παριέναι φλὸξ ἀπαντήσασα τὸ εἰρημένον εἰργάσατο, οἱ δέ, ἅμα ἤρξαντο τὸν χοῦν ἐκφορεῖν. ἀλλ' εἴτε τοῦτό τις εἴτε τὸ πρότερον δέξαιτο, ἑκάτερον εἰς θαῦμα παραπλήσιον. 5.22.12 ᾿Επὶ τούτῳ δὲ καὶ ἄλλο ξυνηνέχθη τοῦ προτέρου σαφέστερόν τε καὶ παραδοξότερον. αὐτομάτως γὰρ πάντων ἡ ἐσθὴς τῷ σημείῳ τοῦ σταυροῦ κατεσημάνθη, καὶ τρόπον τινὰ ἄστρασι πεποικιλμένα τὰ ἐσθήματα εἶχον 5.22.13 ὡς ἀπὸ ἱστουργικῆς περινοίας κατεστιγμένα. ἐκ τούτου δὲ τοῖς μὲν αὐτίκα ἐκρίθη θεὸν εἶναι τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ μὴ ἀρεσθῆναι τῇ ἀνανεώσει τοῦ ναοῦ, οἱ δὲ οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν προσέθεντο τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ ἐμυήθησαν καὶ ὕμνοις καὶ ἱκεσίαις ὑπὲρ τῶν τετολμημένων αὐτοῖς τὸν Χριστὸν ἱλάσκοντο. 5.22.14 ταῦτα ὅτῳ πιστὰ οὐ καταφαίνεται, πιστούσθωσαν οἱ παρὰ τῶν θεασαμένων ἀκηκοότες ἔτι τῷ βίῳ περιόντες, πιστούσθωσαν δὲ καὶ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι καὶ ῞Ελληνες ἡμιτελὲς τὸ ἔργον καταλιπόντες, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἄρξασθαι τοῦ ἔργου δυνηθέντες.

6.τ.1 ΕΡΜΕΙΟΥ ΣΩΖΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΕΚΤΟΣ 6.1.1 ῞Οσα μὲν δὴ ἐν τῇ ᾿Ιουλιανοῦ βασιλείᾳ συγκυρῆσαι ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις

ἔγνων, ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν δεδήλωται. ἅμα δὲ ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ δόξαν αὐτῷ ἐπιστρατεῦσαι Πέρσαις, ἐν τάχει διέβη τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμόν· παραδραμών τε τὴν ῎Εδεσσαν διὰ μῖσος ἴσως τῶν ἐνοικούντων, ἐπεὶ ἀρχῆθεν πανδημεὶ χριστιανίζειν ἔλαχεν ἥδε ἡ πόλις, ἧκεν εἰς Κάρρας· ἔνθα δὴ ∆ιὸς ἱερὸν 6.1.2 εὑρὼν ἔθυσε καὶ ηὔξατο. τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου ἐκ τῶν ἑπομένων στρατευμάτων ἀμφὶ δισμυρίους ὁπλίτας ἐπὶ Τίγρητα ποταμὸν ἔπεμψε, φυλακῆς τε ἕνεκα τῶν τόπων καὶ εἰς καιρὸν αὐτῷ παρεσομένους, ἡνίκα καλέσοι· ᾿Αρσακίῳ δὲ τῷ ᾿Αρμενίων ἡγουμένῳ συμμαχοῦντι ῾Ρωμαίοις ἔγραψε συμ-6.1.3 μῖξαι περὶ τὴν πολεμίαν. ἀπαυθαδιασάμενός τε πέρα τοῦ μέτρου ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ καὶ ἑαυτὸν μὲν ἐξάρας ὡς ἐπιτήδειον πρὸς ἡγεμονίαν καὶ φίλον οἷς ἐνόμιζε θεοῖς, Κωνσταντίῳ δὲ ὃν διεδέξατο ὡς ἀνάνδρῳ καὶ ἀσεβεῖ λοιδορησάμενος, ὑβριστικῶς μάλα ἠπείλησεν αὐτῷ· καὶ ἐπεὶ Χριστιανὸν ὄντα ἐπυνθάνετο, ἐπιτείνων τὴν ὕβριν ἢ βλασφημεῖν ἃ μὴ θέμις σπουδάζων εἰς τὸν Χριστόν (τοῦτο γὰρ εἰώθει παρ' ἕκαστα τολμᾶν) ἀπεκόμπασεν ὑποδηλῶν ὡς οὐκ ἐπαμυνεῖ αὐτῷ ὃν ἡγεῖται θεὸν ὀλιγωροῦντι τῶν προστεταγμένων. 6.1.4 ᾿Επεὶ δὲ ταῦτα καλῶς ἔχειν ἐνόμισε, παραλαβὼν τὴν ῾Ρωμαίων στρα-τιὰν ἦγε διὰ τῆς ᾿Ασσυρίων. καὶ πόλεις τινὰς καὶ φρούρια τὰ μὲν προδοσίᾳ, τὰ δὲ πολέμῳ εἷλεν, ἀπερισκέπτως τε εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν ᾔει μηδὲν τῶν κατόπιν προνοῶν καὶ ὅτι γε δεήσει τὴν αὐτὴν πάλιν ἐπανελθεῖν· ἀλλ' ὅπερ ᾕρει, δεινῶς ἐπόρθει, ταμιεῖα τε καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ μὲν κατέσκαπτε, τὰ δὲ ἐνε6.1.5 πίμπρα. πορευόμενος δὲ παρὰ τὸν Εὐφράτην οὐ πόρρωθεν ἀφίκετο Κτησιφῶντος. πόλις δὲ αὕτη μεγάλη καὶ τὰ Περσῶν βασίλεια νῦν ἀντὶ Βαβυλῶνος ἔχουσα· ῥεῖ δὲ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἀπὸ πολλοῦ ὁ Τίγρης. ὡς δὲ ταῖς ναυσὶν οὐκ ἐνεχώρει διὰ τὴν μέσην γῆν τῇ Κτησιφῶντι προσελθεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐπάναγκες ἐφαίνετο ἢ τὴν πόλιν παριέναι ἢ τῶν πλοίων καταφρονεῖν, ἀνακρίνας τινὰς τῶν αἰχμαλώτων εὗρε διώρυχα ναυσίπορον ἀναχωσθεῖσαν τῷ χρόνῳ· καὶ 6.1.6 διατεμὼν τὸ διεῖργον εἵλκυσε τὸν Εὐφράτην ἐπὶ τὸν Τίγρητα. ταύτῃ τε τῷ στρατῷ παραπλεούσας ἔχων τὰς ναῦς ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐχώρει. σὺν πολλῇ δὲ παρασκευῇ ἱππέων καὶ ὁπλιτῶν καὶ ἐλεφάντων τῶν Περσῶν φανέντων ἐπὶ τῆς ὄχθης τοῦ Τίγρητος, ἰδὼν ἐν πολεμίᾳ γῇ μέσον δύο μεγίστων ποταμῶν μονονουχὶ πολιορκουμένην αὐτῷ τὴν στρατιὰν καὶ λιμῷ διαφθαρῆναι κινδυνεύουσαν, ἤν τε μένοιεν αὐτόθι ἤν τε τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ὑποστρέφοιεν, τῶν