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to the one who invited him to the feast; and he will return home having received nothing good at all. But in the case of those who mourn, one can say no such thing, but there is much philosophy, and much sober-mindedness. For as soon as one sets foot on the threshold of the house that has a corpse, and sees the deceased lying speechless, and the woman tearing her hair, scratching her cheeks, cutting her arms, he is subdued, he becomes somber, and each of those sitting together utters nothing else to his neighbor but, that We are nothing, and our wickedness is unspeakable. What could be more philosophical than these words, when we recognize the worthlessness of our nature, and denounce our wickedness, and consider present things to be nothing, uttering in other words, but with the same mind, those wonderful words of Solomon, full of much philosophy, that Vanity of vanities, and all is vanity? The one who enters a house of mourning immediately weeps for the one who has departed, even if he is an enemy. Do you see how much better this house is than that one? For there, even if one is a friend, he envies; but here, even if one is an enemy, he weeps; this, which God seeks above all else, is not to rejoice over those who have caused us grief. But it is not only these good things that one can reap from there, but also others no less than these. For each one is reminded of his own sins, and of the fearful judgment seat, and of those reckonings, and of the judgment, and even if he has suffered countless evils from others, and has sorrows in his own house, having received the remedy for all of them, so he returns. For having considered 49.156 that a little later he himself will also suffer this, and all those who are puffed up with pride, and that all present things are temporary, whether good or grievous, having put aside all despondency and envy, and having made his soul light, and winged, so he will return homeward; and from then on he will be gentler to all, more reasonable and more gracious and more philosophical, as the fear of things to come has entered his soul, and consumed all the thorns. And seeing all these things, he said that, It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the house of feasting; from there comes indifference, from here comes struggle; from there contempt, from here fear, which trains us for all virtue. If fear were not a good thing, Christ would not have spent many and long words discoursing about the punishment and vengeance there. Fear is nothing other than a wall and a security, and an impregnable tower; for we need much security, because there are many snares everywhere; just as Solomon himself, exhorting again, said: Know that you are walking in the midst of snares and you walk upon the battlements of a city. Oh, with how many good things this saying is full, and no less than the former one! Let each of us, therefore, inscribe it on our mind, and carry it always in our memory, and we shall not sin readily. Let us first inscribe it, having learned it with all accuracy; for he did not say, See, that you are walking in the midst of snares, but, Know. And for what reason did he say, Know? 'The snare,' he says, 'is concealed;' for this is what a snare is, when the destruction is not apparent, nor the harm clear, but it lies hidden, concealed on all sides; for this reason he says, Know; you need much understanding and accurate investigation. For just as children conceal a trap with earth, so the devil has cloaked sins with the pleasures of life; but know this by investigating accurately, and if gain should fall in your way, do not see the gain only, but investigate accurately, lest somewhere death and sin are hidden within the gain; and if you see it, flee. Again, when delight and pleasure fall in your way, do not see the pleasure only, but examine with accuracy, lest some transgression has been concealed in the depth of the pleasure, and if you find it, leap away; and if someone gives counsel, or flatters, or serves, or promises honors, or anything else whatever, let us examine all things with

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καλέσαντι αὐτὸν πρὸς τὴν εὐωχίαν· καὶ ὅλως οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν λαβὼν οἴκαδε ἐπανήξει. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν πενθούντων οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ πολλὴ μὲν ἡ φιλοσοφία, πολλὴ δὲ ἡ σωφροσύνη. Ἅμα γὰρ ἄν τις ἐπιβῇ τῶν προθύρων τῆς οἰκίας τῆς νεκρὸν ἐχούσης, καὶ τὸν τετελευτηκότα ἴδῃ ἄφωνον κείμενον, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα τὰς τρίχας τίλλουσαν, τὰς παρειὰς καταξαίνουσαν, τοὺς βραχίονας κατατέμνουσαν, καταστέλλεται, σκυθρωπάζει, καὶ τῶν συγκαθημένων ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον οὐδὲν ἕτερον φθέγγεται ἀλλ' ἢ, ὅτι Οὐδέν ἐσμεν, καὶ ἡ κακία ἡμῶν ἄφατος. Τί τούτων φιλοσοφώτερον τῶν ῥημάτων γένοιτ' ἂν, ὅταν καὶ τῆς φύσεως τὴν εὐτέλειαν ἐπιγινώσκωμεν, καὶ τὴν πονηρίαν διαβάλλωμεν, καὶ μηδὲν εἶναι τὰ παρόντα νομίζωμεν, ἑτέροις μὲν ῥήμασι, γνώμῃ δὲ τῇ αὐτῇ τὰ τοῦ Σολομῶντος φθεγγόμενοι ἐκεῖνα τὰ θαυμαστὰ καὶ πολλῆς φιλοσοφίας γέμοντα, ὅτι Ματαιότης ματαιοτήτων, καὶ τὰ πάντα ματαιότης; Ὁ εἰς οἶκον πενθούντων εἰσελθὼν, εὐθέως δακρύει τὸν ἀπελθόντα, κἂν ἐχθρὸς ᾖ. Εἶδες πόσον βελτίων αὕτη ἐκείνης ἡ οἰκία; Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ, κἂν φίλος ᾖ, φθονεῖ· ἐνταῦθα δὲ, κἂν ἐχθρὸς ᾖ, δακρύει· τοῦτο, ὃ μάλιστα πάντων ὁ Θεὸς ἐπιζητεῖ, τὸ μὴ ἐφήδεσθαι τοῖς λελυπηκόσιν. Οὐ ταῦτα δὲ μόνον ἔστιν ἐκεῖθεν καρπώσασθαι τὰ καλὰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερα τούτων οὐκ ἐλάττω. Καὶ γὰρ ἀναμιμνήσκεται τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἕκαστος τῶν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ δικαστηρίου τοῦ φοβεροῦ, καὶ τῶν εὐθυνῶν ἐκείνων, καὶ τῆς κρίσεως, κἂν ᾖ μυρία κακὰ πεπονθὼς παρ' ἑτέρων, καὶ λύπας κατὰ τὴν οἰκίαν ἔχων, πάντων αὐτῶν λαβὼν τὸ φάρμακον οὕτως ἐπάνεισιν. Ἐν 49.156 νοήσας γὰρ, ὅτι μικρὸν ὕστερον καὶ αὐτὸς πείσεται τοῦτο, καὶ πάντες δὲ οἱ μεγάλα φυσῶντες, καὶ ὅτι πρόσκαιρα τὰ παρόντα ἅπαντα, κἂν χρηστὰ ᾖ, κἂν λυπηρὰ, ἀθυμίαν καὶ βασκανίαν ἅπασαν ἀποθέμενος, καὶ κούφην ποιήσας τὴν ψυχὴν, καὶ πτερωθεὶς, οὕτως οἴκαδε ἀναστρέψει· καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἡμερώτερος ἔσται πᾶσι λοιπὸν, ἐπιεικέστερος καὶ προσηνέστερος καὶ φιλοσοφώτερος, τοῦ φόβου τῶν μελλόντων ἐπεισελθόντος αὐτοῦ τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ τὰς ἀκάνθας δαπανήσαντος ἁπάσας. Καὶ ταῦτα πάντα ἐκεῖνος συνιδὼν ἔλεγεν ὅτι, Ἀγαθὸν πορευθῆναι εἰς οἶκον πένθους, ἢ πορευθῆναι εἰς οἶκον πότου· ἐκεῖθεν ῥᾳθυμία, ἐντεῦθεν ἀγωνία γίνεται· ἐκεῖθεν καταφρόνησις, ἐντεῦθεν φόβος, ὁ πρὸς ἅπασαν ἡμᾶς παιδαγωγῶν ἀρετήν. Εἰ μὴ καλὸν ἦν ὁ φόβος, οὐκ ἂν τοὺς πολλοὺς καὶ μακροὺς ἀνήλωσε λόγους ὁ Χριστὸς περὶ τῆς ἐκεῖ κολάσεως καὶ τιμωρίας διαλεγόμενος. Ὁ φόβος οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστιν, ἢ τεῖχος καὶ ἀσφάλεια, καὶ πύργος ἀκαταγώνιστος· καὶ γὰρ πολλῆς ἡμῖν ἀσφαλείας δεῖ, διὰ τὸ πολλὰς εἶναι πανταχοῦ τὰς ἐνέδρας· καθάπερ αὐτὸς οὗτος πάλιν παραινῶν ὁ Σολομὼν ἔλεγεν· Ἐπίγνωθι, ὅτι ἐν μέσῳ παγίδων διαβαίνεις καὶ ἐπὶ ἐπάλξεων πόλεως περιπατεῖς. Βαβαὶ πόσων γέμει τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ἀγαθῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἔλαττον ἢ τὸ πρότερον! Ἐγγράψωμεν τοίνυν ἕκαστος ἐπὶ τῆς διανοίας αὐτὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας, καὶ περιφέρωμεν ἐπὶ τῆς μνήμης ἀεὶ, καὶ οὐχ ἁμαρτησόμεθα ταχέως. Ἐγγράψωμεν πρότερον αὐτὸ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἁπάσης μαθόντες· οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Βλέπε, ὅτι ἐν μέσῳ παγίδων διαβαίνεις, ἀλλ', Ἐπίγνωθι. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν εἶπεν, Ἐπίγνωθι; Συνεσκίασται, φησὶν, ἡ παγίς· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἡ παγὶς, ὅταν μὴ φανερὸς ὁ ὄλεθρος φαίνηται, μηδὲ δήλη ἡ βλάβη, ἀλλὰ πανταχόθεν περιεσταλμένη παρακέηται· διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ἐπίγνωθι· πολλῆς σοι δεῖ τῆς κατανοήσεως καὶ ἀκριβοῦς τῆς ἐρεύνης. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰ παιδία τῇ γῇ τὴν παγίδα, οὕτως ὁ διάβολος τὰς ἁμαρτίας ταῖς βιωτικαῖς περιέστειλεν ἡδοναῖς· ἀλλ' ἐπίγνωθι διερευνώμενος ἀκριβῶς, καὶ ἐὰν ἐμπέσῃ κέρδος, μὴ τὸ κέρδος ἴδῃς μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐρεύνησον ἀκριβῶς, μή που θάνατος καὶ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸ κέρδος ἔνδον ἐγκέκρυπται· κἂν ἴδῃς, ἀπόφυγε. Πάλιν, ὅταν τέρψις καὶ ἡδονὴ παρεμπέσῃ, μὴ τὴν ἡδονὴν ἴδῃς μόνον, ἀλλὰ μή που παρανομία τις ἐν τῷ βάθει τῆς ἡδονῆς συνεσκίασται, μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξέτασον, κἂν εὕρῃς, ἀποπήδησον· κἂν συμβουλεύῃ τις, κἂν κολακεύῃ, κἂν θεραπεύῃ, κἂν τιμὰς ἐπαγγέλληται, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἕτερον, πάντα ἐξετάζωμεν μετὰ