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And you would find the theologians most highly esteeming not only this, but also many other contemplations of the knowledge of God derived from created things, while distinguishing this one from all the others and deeming it pre-eminently worthy of divine names, as the only deifying manifestation of God.

But it is now necessary for us to bring to an end this discourse, which has stretched to great length, reserving for the next section to refute the ignorance of the philosopher's treatises On Knowledge.

FIRST DISCOURSE AGAINST THE SECOND (p. 568)

REFUTATION OF THE RESULTING ABSURDITIES

FROM THE SECOND WRITINGS OF THE PHILOSOPHER BARLAAM, OR ON DEIFICATION

But if the book is indeed written Against the Messalians, as its title also claims, what possessed him to present the teachings of our divine fathers mixed with their evil doctrines, and then to flow on at length against them, while letting go of the arguments against those men? But if he decided it was necessary to take up war against the saints from of old and against us who choose to agree with them, what is the point of 'Messalians' and 'Blachernites' and such appellations? Or is it clear that such things are a stage-play and a mask, bringing great and varied, or rather, every kind of insolence against all, along with deception towards the many, so that we all might be insulted, and in many ways: on the one hand, the fathers born of men, along with those who detected the deceit and were not persuaded, both by being ranked with the heretics and by the subsequent refutation against them in his arguments, and by the shameless and terrible drunken abuses between these supposed refutations; and on the other, as many as might be misled and persuaded, necessarily suffering one of two fates, being revealed either now or previously as being among the deceived, by the fact of it becoming plain that they formerly held as venerable those who are now recognized as holding evil doctrines; and simply, so that in this way both all of us and almost all things holy and venerable among us might be revealed as laughter and scorn and a plaything? But if, playing with matters that are not for play, he innovates with empty and superfluous and counterfeit disputes and antitheses, so that he himself might be considered exceptional and a master of sophistry, (p. 570) and he shamelessly insults, alas, the awesome and venerable things, why do we not all shun this man, or at least turn him away from so great an evil with fitting severity? But he himself is so far from daring to say such things, that at the very beginning of his treatises he not only promises to introduce no innovations, but also to fight on behalf of the Church of God, showing a zeal fitting for a philosopher against those nurtured in perverse dogmas, from which he also gave some the impression that he has some regard for the truth, even while, in his hypocrisy toward the heterodox, he strives against those who live piously. Therefore, no one will justly accuse us for defending them and for examining and correcting, to the best of our ability, the things said against them by him, since the struggle of his writings does not seem to be directed simply against them, or to be against them as living dissolutely or as having something improper in their way of life, but the opposition is clearly against the very piety they venerate, or rather, against the divine dogmas of the Church of God themselves, as has been previously demonstrated, and those from of old

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Εὕροις δ᾿ ἄν τούς θεολόγους οὐ ταύτην μόνην, ἀλλά καί πολλάς ἄλλας θεωρίας τῆς ἀπό τῶν κτιστῶν θεογνωσίας ὑπερτιθέντας ἐς τά μάλιστα, ταύτην δέ καί τῶν ἄλλων πασῶν ἀποδιαστέλλοντας καί θεωνυμίας ἐξόχως ἀξιοῦντας, ὡς μόνην Θεοῦ θεοποιόν ἐμφάνειαν.

∆εῖν δ᾿ ἡμῖν ἀρτίως εἰς πολύ μῆκος ἐκεινομένῳ δοῦναι τῷ λόγῳ πέρας, εἰς τό ἑξῆς ταμιευσαμένους τῶν Περί γνώσεως λόγων τοῦ φιλοσόφου ἀπελέγξαι τήν ἄγνοιαν.

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΩΝ (Σελ. 568)

ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΩΝ ΑΤΟΠΩΝ

ΕΚ ΤΩΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΟΥ ΒΑΡΛΑΑΜ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΩΝ Ἤ ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΩΣΕΩΣ

Ἀλλ᾿ εἰ μέν Κατά Μασσαλιανῶν, καθάπερ καί ἐπιγέγραπται, τό βιβλίον πεποίηται, τί παθών τά τῶν θείων ἡμῶν πατέρων ἀναμίξ ταἰς ἐκείνων κακοδοξίαις προβάλλεται καί κατ᾿ αὐτῶν ἔπειτα πολύς ρεῖ, τῶν κατ᾿ ἐκείνους ἀφέμενος; Εἰ δέ κατά τῶν ἀπ᾿ αἰῶνος ἁγίων καί τῶν αὐτοῖς ὁμολογεῖν αἱρουμένων ἡμῶν δεῖν ἔγνω πόλεμον ἄρασθαι, τί βούλονται Μασσαλιανοί καί Βλαχερνῖται καί τά τοιαῦτα προσρήματα; Ἤ δῆλον ὅτι σκηνή τά τοιαῦτα καί προσωπεῖόν ἐστι, πολλήν καί ποικίλην, μᾶλλον δέ παντοδαπήν, μετά τῆς πρός τούς πολλούς ἀπάτης καί τήν ὕβριν πρός πάντας ἐπιφερόμενα, ἵν᾿ ὦμεν ἅπαντες ὑβρισμένοι καί πολλαχῶς, οἱ μέν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γεγονότες πατέρες μετά τῶν φωρασάντων τόν δόλον καί μή πεισθέντων, τῷ τε τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς συντετάχθαι καί τῷ κατ᾿ αὐτῶν ἔπειτα διά τῶν λόγων ἐλέγχῳ καί ταῖς μεταξύ τῶν δοκούντων τούτων ἐλέγχων ἀναισχύντοις καί δεινοῖς παροινίαις, ὅσοι δ᾿ ἄν παραχθέντες πεισθεῖεν, δυοῖν θάτερον ἐξ ἀνάγκης παθόντες, ἤ νῦν ἤ πρότερον φανεροί γεγονότες τῶν πεπλανημένων ὑπάρχοντες, τῷ φανεροῖ γεγενῆσθαι σεπτούς πρῴην ἡγούμενοι τούς νῦν κακοδόξους γνωριζομένους, καί ἁπλῶς ἵν᾿ οὕτω πάντες τε ἡμεῖς καί τά καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἱερά τε καί σεμνά σχεδόν ἅπαντα γέλως ἀναφανῇ καί χεύη καί παίγνιον; Εἰ δ᾿ ἄρα παίζων ἐν οὐ παικτοῖς, κενάς καί περιττάς καί κιβδήλους λογομαχίας τε καί ἀντιθέσεις καινοτομεῖ, καί ὡς περιττός τις αὐτός νομισθείη καί πολύς τήν σοφιστικήν (σελ. 570) ἀνέδην ὑβρίζει, φεῦ, εἰς τά φρικτά καί σεβάσμια, τί μή πάντες ἐκτρεπόμεθα τοῦτον, ἤ γοῦν ἐκτρέπομεν αὐτόν τοῦ τηλικούτου κακοῦ μετά τῆς προσηκούσης σφοδρότητος; Ἀλλά τοσοῦτον ἀπέχει τοῦ τοιαῦτα φάναι τολμᾶς αὐτός, ὥστε καί τῶν λόγων ἀρχόμενος οὐ μόνον ἐπαγγέλλεται καινοτομήσειν οὐθέν, ἀλά καί τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ Ἐκκλησίας ὑπεραγωνιεῖσθαι, φιλοσόφῳ πρέποντα ζῆλον κατά τῶν ἐνδιαστρόφοις δόγμασιν ἐντεθραμμένων ἐπιδειξάμενος, ἀφ᾿ οὗ καί τισιν ἔδωκεν ὑπόνοιαν λόγον τινα ποιεῖσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας, καί ταῦτ᾿ ἐν τῇ πρός τούς ἑτεροδόξους ὑποκρίσει κατά τῶν εὐσεβῶς ζώντων ἀγωνιζόμενος. Οὐκοῦν οὐδείς ἡμῖν ἐγκαλέσει δικαίως ὑπέρ αὐτῶν ἀπολογουμένοις καί τά πρός ἐκείνου κατ᾿ αὐτῶν εἰρημένα πρός δύναμιν ἐξετάζουσί τε καί διευθύνουσιν, ἐπεί μηδέ πρός ἐκείνους ἁπλῶς αὐτῷ φαίνται τείνων ὁ τῶν συγγραμμάτων ἀγών, ἤ κατ᾿ ἐκείνων ὤν ὡς ἀνειμένως ζώντων ἤ τι περί τῶν σφῶν αὐτῶν βίον ἐχόντων οὐκ ἐμμελῶς, ἀλλά σαφῶς πρός αὐτήν τήν ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν πρσεβευομένην εὐσέβειάν ἐστιν ἡ ἀντίθεσις, μᾶλλον δέ πρός αὐτά τά θεῖα τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ Ἐκκλησίας, καθά προαποδέδεικται, δόγματα καί τάς ἐκ παλαιοῦ