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his wife for any cause whatever, was not forbidden to cast her out, and to bring in another in her place. Yet the law did not simply command this to be done, but after giving a bill of divorcement to the wife, so that she would not be at liberty to return to him again, in order that at least the form of the marriage might remain. For if it had not commanded this, but it were permitted to cast her out and take another, and then to take back the first one, great confusion was about to occur, with all men continually taking one another's wives, and the matter then was clearly adultery. Therefore, the bill of divorcement devised no small palliative. But these things came to be on account of another, much greater wickedness. For if he had compelled him to keep even a hated wife within, the one who hated her would have murdered her; for such is the nation of the Jews. For those who do not spare their children, and who kill prophets, and who pour out blood like water, would much more not have spared their wives. For this reason he permitted the lesser, cutting off the greater. For that this law was not primary, hear him saying: Moses for the hardness of your heart wrote these things, that you might not murder them within, but cast them out. But since he himself did away with all anger, forbidding not only murder, but even simply being angry, with ease he also introduces this law. For this reason he always brings to mind the former sayings, to show that he says things not contrary to them, but in agreement; intensifying them, not overturning them; and correcting, not destroying. But see how he everywhere discourses to the man. For he that puts away, he says, his wife, causes her to commit adultery; and he that marries a divorced woman, commits adultery. For the one, even if he does not take another, by this very act has made himself liable for a charge, by making her an adulteress; and the other, by taking another man's wife, has in turn become an adulterer. For do not say this to me, that the other man cast her out; for even having been cast out she remains the wife of the one who cast her out. Then, so that by casting the whole blame on the one who casts her out, he might not make the woman more insolent, he also shut the doors of the one who would receive her after this, by saying, Whoever marries a divorced woman, commits adultery, thus chastening the woman even against her will, and walling up for her the entrance to all men, and not allowing her to give occasions for faintheartedness. For she who has learned that it is entirely necessary either to keep the one allotted to her from the beginning, or, having been cast out of that house, to have no other refuge, even against her will was compelled to cherish her husband. But if he discourses nothing to her concerning these things, do not be surprised; for the woman is the weaker. For this reason, leaving her aside, in the threat against the men 57.260 he corrects her indolence. Just as if someone having a prodigal son, leaving him aside, would rebuke those who make him such, and forbid them to associate with him, or to approach him. But if this is burdensome, recall for me the things said before, for which he blessed those who hear, and you will see it is very possible and easy. For how will the meek, and the peacemaker, and the poor in spirit, and the merciful, cast out his wife? How will he who reconciles others be at odds with his own? Not in this way only, but also in another way he made the law light. For he also leaves one way of release for this, saying, Except for the cause of fornication; since again it would come round to the same thing. For if he had commanded to keep her within even when she consorts with many, the matter would again have ended in adultery. Do you see how these things are in agreement with what went before? For he who does not look at another woman with licentious eyes, will not commit fornication; and by not committing fornication, he will not give the husband an occasion to cast out his wife. For this very reason, then, he confidently strengthens it, and builds up the fear, holding over the man the great danger, if he should cast her out; for he makes himself responsible for her adultery. For lest, having heard, Pluck out the eye, you should think these things are also said concerning a wife, he seasonably added this further correction, permitting to cast her out in one way only, and in no other. Again you have heard, that it was said to them of old time: You shall not forswear yourself; but you shall perform to the Lord

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γυναῖκα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐξ οἱασδήποτε αἰτίας, μὴ κωλύεσθαι ἐκβάλλειν, καὶ ἑτέραν ἀντ' ἐκείνης εἰσάγειν. Οὐ μὴν τοῦτο ἁπλῶς ποιεῖν ὁ νόμος ἐκέλευσεν, ἀλλὰ δόντα βιβλίον ἀποστασίου τῇ γυναικὶ, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι κυρίαν πάλιν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐπανελθεῖν, ἵνα κἂν τὸ σχῆμα μένῃ τοῦ γάμου. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ τοῦτο ἐπέταξεν, ἀλλ' ἐξῆν ἐκβάλλειν τε αὐτὴν καὶ ἑτέραν λαμβάνειν, εἶτα τὴν προτέραν ἐπανάγειν, πολλὴ ἡ σύγχυσις ἔμελλεν εἶναι, συνεχῶς τὰς ἀλλήλων λαμβανόντων ἁπάντων, καὶ μοιχεία τὸ πρᾶγμα λοιπὸν ἦν σαφής. ∆ιόπερ οὐ μικρὰν ἐπενόησε παραμυθίαν τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ ἀποστασίου. Ἐγένετο δὲ ταῦτα δι' ἑτέραν πολλῷ μείζονα κακίαν. Εἰ γὰρ ἠνάγκασε καὶ μισουμένην κατέχειν ἔνδον, ἔσφαξεν ἂν ὁ μισῶν· τοιοῦτον γὰρ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὸ ἔθνος. Οἱ γὰρ παίδων μὴ φειδόμενοι, καὶ προφήτας ἀναιροῦντες, καὶ ὡς ὕδωρ αἷμα ἐκχέοντες, πολλῷ μᾶλλον γυναικῶν οὐκ ἂν ἐφείσαντο. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο τὸ ἔλαττον συνεχώρησε, τὸ μεῖζον ἐκκόπτων. Ἐπεὶ ὅτι οὐ προηγούμενος οὗτος ὁ νόμος ἦν, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Μωϋσῆς πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν ταῦτα ἔγραψεν, ἵνα μὴ ἔνδον σφάττητε, ἀλλ' ἔξω ἐκβάλλητε. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ αὐτὸς τὴν ὀργὴν πᾶσαν ἀνεῖλεν, οὐχὶ τὸν φόνον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἁπλῶς θυμοῦσθαι κωλύσας, μετ' εὐκολίας καὶ τοῦτον εἰσάγει τὸν νόμον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τῶν προτέρων ἀεὶ ῥημάτων ἀναμιμνήσκει, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι οὐκ ἐναντία ἐκείνοις, ἀλλὰ συμβαίνοντα λέγει· ἐπιτείνων αὐτὰ, οὐκ ἀνατρέπων· καὶ διορθούμενος, οὐ λύων. Ὅρα δὲ αὐτὸν πανταχοῦ τῷ ἀνδρὶ διαλεγόμενον. Ὁ γὰρ ἀπολύων, φησὶ, τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, ποιεῖ αὐτὴν μοιχευθῆναι· καὶ ὁ γαμῶν ἀπολελυμένην, μοιχᾶται. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ, κἂν ἑτέραν μὴ λάβῃ, τούτῳ αὐτῷ κατέστησεν ἑαυτὸν ἐγκλήματος ὑπεύθυνον, μοιχαλίδα ποιήσας ἐκείνην· ὁ δὲ, τῷ τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν λαβεῖν, μοιχὸς γέγονε πάλιν. Μὴ γάρ μοι τοῦτο εἴπῃς, ὅτι ἐξέβαλεν ἐκεῖνος· καὶ γὰρ ἐκβληθεῖσα μένει τοῦ ἐκβάλλοντος οὖσα γυνή. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ τὸ ὅλον ἐπὶ τὸν ἐκβάλλοντα ῥίψας, αὐθαδεστέραν ἐργάσηται τὴν γυναῖκα, καὶ τὰς τοῦ δεχομένου μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπέκλεισεν αὐτῇ θύρας, τῷ μὲν εἰπεῖν, Ὃς ἂν ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσῃ, μοιχᾶται, τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ ἄκουσαν σωφρονίζων, καὶ τὴν πρὸς πάντας ἀποτειχίζων εἴσοδον αὐτῇ, καὶ οὐκ ἐπιτρέπων ἀφορμὰς παρέχειν μικροψυχίας. Ἡ γὰρ μαθοῦσα ὅτι πᾶσα ἀνάγκη, ἢ τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κληρωθέντα ἔχειν, ἢ τῆς οἰκίας ἐκπεσοῦσαν ἐκείνης, μηδεμίαν ἑτέραν ἔχειν καταφυγὴν, καὶ ἄκουσα ἠναγκάζετο στέργειν τὸν σύνοικον. Εἰ δὲ μηδὲν αὐτῇ περὶ τούτων διαλέγεται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· ἀσθενέστερον γὰρ ἡ γυνή. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο αὐτὴν ἀφεὶς, ἐν τῇ κατὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀπειλῇ 57.260 τὴν αὐτῆς διορθοῦται ῥᾳθυμίαν. Ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις παῖδα ἄσωτον ἔχων, ἐκεῖνον ἀφεὶς, τοῖς ποιοῦσιν αὐτὸν τοιοῦτον ἐπιπλήττοι, κἀκείνοις ἀπαγορεύοι μὴ συγγίνεσθαι, μηδὲ πλησιάζειν αὐτῷ. Εἰ δὲ φορτικὸν τοῦτο, ἀναμνήσθητί μοι τῶν ἔμπροσθεν εἰρημένων, ἐφ' οἷς ἐμακάρισε τοὺς ἀκούοντας, καὶ ὄψει πολὺ δυνατὸν καὶ εὔκολον ὄν. Ὁ γὰρ πρᾶος, καὶ εἰρηνοποιὸς, καὶ πτωχὸς τῷ πνεύματι, καὶ ἐλεήμων, πῶς ἐκβαλεῖ τὴν γυναῖκα; ὁ ἑτέρους καταλλάττων, πῶς αὐτὸς διαστασιάσει πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ; Οὐ ταύτῃ δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρῳ τρόπῳ κοῦφον ἐποίησε τὸν νόμον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τούτῳ καταλιμπάνει τρόπον ἕνα ἀφέσεως, εἰπὼν, Παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας· ἐπεὶ πάλιν εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ περιίστατο. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκέλευσε καὶ πολλοῖς συγγινομένην κατέχειν ἔνδον, πάλιν εἰς μοιχείαν τὸ πρᾶγμα κατέστρεφεν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς συμβαίνοντα ταῦτα τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν; Ὁ γὰρ μὴ βλέπων ἑτέραν γυναῖκα ἀκολάστοις ὀφθαλμοῖς, οὐ πορνεύσει· μὴ πορνεύων δὲ, οὐ παρέξει τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἀφορμὴν ἐκβαλεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο λοιπὸν μετὰ ἀδείας ἐπισφίγγει, καὶ τὸν φόβον ἐπιτειχίζει, μέγαν ἐπισείων τῷ ἀνδρὶ τὸν κίνδυνον, εἴγε ἐκβάλοι· τῆς γὰρ μοιχείας τῆς ἐκείνης ὑπεύθυνον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖ. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀκούσας, Ἔξελε τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν, νομίσῃς καὶ περὶ γυναικὸς ταῦτα λέγεσθαι, εὐκαίρως ἐπήγαγε τὴν ἐπιδιόρθωσιν ταύτην, ἑνὶ τρόπῳ μόνῳ συγχωρῶν ἐκβάλλειν αὐτὴν, ἑτέρῳ δὲ οὐδενί. Πάλιν ἠκούσατε, ὅτι ἐῤῥέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις· Οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις· ἀποδώσεις δὲ τῷ Κυρίῳ