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to itself, and sometimes it does not wish to see either those people or its companions. (320) And sometimes it becomes constricted in on itself, so that it even renounces its own life, and at other times it is so expanded and exultation abounds in it, that it cannot restrain itself, even if it forces itself to do so.

These things, then, naturally happen concerning the physical movements of the soul and the body, whenever we are striving eagerly for the work of virtue and the fulfillment of the commandments. But just as the things of the soul are altered in this way, in the same manner the things of our mind are also altered and somehow change. For sometimes it is sharp to understand and sharper to go through and quickly discern the things understood, or rather seen by it, but at other times it becomes slow and sluggish in both respects. And sometimes the same one becomes as it were mindless and speechless and deaf, but at other times it is well-disposed and eloquent, at once able to hear and understanding. And sometimes it is blind, but at other times it has sight, striving to enter into the depth and height of contemplation beyond the measure of human nature. And sometimes it is simple towards all contemplation and free, not remembering at all the evils that happened before it nor thinking of any of them at all, but at other times it is complex, as if thinking of and inventing things that are not happening and being wicked; and just as a flame in wet wood becomes choked by smoke, being wicked not only towards those present, but indeed also often fabricating in itself vain and false thoughts about certain absent ones; whence, although the heart is greatly grieved and does not agree with the mind in such matters, it can in no way help at all, nor make it desist from its vain reasonings.

(321) And these things are concerning the alterations of the mind and of our intellectual and divine soul. But the irregularities that occur to us concerning the body, even if they seem to be easily diagnosed and readily known to us, it is not so. For in this especially there is for the most part much change from nature. For the soul is unchangeable in its nature and essence, and likewise the mind has been created together with it by the Creator, being led, that is, only by choice and by its own will, they take hold of virtue or vice, that is, they become eternal partakers and heirs of light or darkness, the soul, I say, and the mind, adhering to one of these by choice, as has been said, and by will, voluntarily, either becoming good with the good, or being called wicked with the wicked. But the body is both changeable by nature, because it is also composite, and fluid in its essence, because it is created from corruptible and fluid matter, having its temperament or its constitution from things contrary to each other. For from hot and cold, as the wise in these matters say and as is the truth, and from dry and wet is its substance. Yet in itself it is deprived of both choice and will, and if one must say so, also of motion, unless one were to call its flux and its progression towards corruption a natural motion of its hypostasis, which is irrational; and if this is irrational, it is clear that it is also sinless and uncondemned by God. And rightly so; for that which follows nature is also outside of condemnation. But burning desire and desire for marriage, sexual intercourse, pleasure, gluttony, voracity, much sleep, idleness, adornment of clothes and all the other things which, as many think, the body seeks, it is not the body, just as not when it is dead, but the soul through it seeks these things for its pleasure, once it has been (322) mixed with the clay and, like a sow in the mire, wishes somehow to wallow in these pleasures, longing for the flesh that has been mixed with it. Therefore let no one suppose that he is impelled and compelled to these things by his own body; this is not so. But how? Listen with understanding.

"God formed man, taking dust from the earth." Behold, I have shown you the body, so you too show me what are the passions in it; but you have nothing at all to say. Then what? "And the Lord God breathed into his face, and there came to be

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πρός ἑαυτήν, ποτέ δέ οὐδέ ἐκείνους οὐδέ τούς συνόντας βούλεται καθορᾶν. (320) Καί ποτέ μέν συμπνιγομένη ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτήν γίνεται, ὡς καί τήν ζωήν αὐτῆς ἀπολέγεσθαι, ποτέ δέ ἐπί τοσοῦτον πλατυνομένη καί ἡ ἀγαλλίασις ἐν ταύτῃ πληθύνεται, ὡς μηδέ ἐπισχεῖν δυναμένη ἑαυτήν, εἰ καί τοῦτο βιάζεται.

Ταῦτα μέν οὖν πέφυκε γίνεσθαι περί τάς φυσικάς κινήσεις τῆς ψυχῆς καί τοῦ σώματος, ὁπόταν ἐναγωνίως ἔχωμεν περί τήν ἐργασίαν τῆς ἀρετῆς καί τῶν ἐντολῶν τήν ἐκπλήρωσιν. Ἀλλά καθάπερ οὕτως ἀλλοιοῦται τά τῆς ψυχῆς, τόν αὐτόν τρόπον καί τά τοῦ νοός ἀλλοιοῦται ἡμῶν καί οὕτω πως μεταβάλλεται. Ποτέ μέν γάρ ὀξύς εἰς τό νοῆσαί ἐστι καί ὀξύτερος εἰς τό τά νοούμενα ἤτοι βλεπόμενα παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ διελθεῖν καί διακρῖναι συντόμως, ποτέ δέ ἀργός πρός τά ἀμφότερα γίνεται καί βραδύς. Καί ποτέ μέν ὁ αὐτός ἄνους οἱονεί καί ἄλαλος γίνεται καί κωφός, ποτέ δέ εὔνους τις καί εὔλαλος, ἀκουστικός τε ἅμα καί συνετός. Καί ποτέ μέν τυφλός, ποτέ δέ ὁρατικός, εἰς βάθος καί ὕψος θεωρίας ὑπέρ τό μέτρον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως εἰσελθεῖν βιαζόμενος. Καί ποτέ μέν ἁπλοῦς πρός πᾶσαν θεωρίαν ἐστί καί ἐλεύθερος, μή μεμνημένος ὅλως τῶν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ γεγονότων κακῶν μηδέ τι τούτων ἐννοῶν τό καθόλου, ποτέ δέ ποικίλος, οἱονεί τά μή γινόμενα ἐννοῶν καί ἐπινοῶν καί πονηρευόμενος· καί ὥσπερ φλόξ ἐν ὑγροῖς ξύλοις ὑπό καπνοῦ συμπνιγομένη γίνεται, πονηρευόμενος οὐκ εἰς τούς παρόντας μόνους, ἀλλά δή καί περί τινων ἀπόντων πολλάκις μάταια καί ψευδῆ ἀναπλάττει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐνθυμήματα· ἔνθεν τοι καί τῆς καρδίας πολλά λυπουμένης καί μή συντιθεμένης εἰς τά τοιαῦτα τῷ νῷ, οὐδέν οὐδαμῶς ὠφελῆσαι δύναται, οὐδέ ἀποστῆσαι αὐτόν τῶν ματαίων συλλογισμῶν.

(321) Καί ταῦτα μέν περί τε τῶν ἀλλοιώσεων τοῦ νοός καί τῆς νοερᾶς ἡμῶν καί θείας ψυχῆς. Αἱ δέ γινόμεναι ἡμῖν περί τό σῶμα ἀνωμαλίαι, εἰ καί δοκοῦσιν εἶναι εὐδιάγνωστοι καί ῥᾳδίως ἡμῖν ἐπιγινωσκόμεναι, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει. Πολλή γάρ ἐν τούτῳ μάλιστά ἐστιν ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ὡς ἐπί τό πλεῖστον μεταβολή. Ἡ μέν γάρ ψυχή ἄτρεπτος τῇ φύσει καί τῇ οὐσίᾳ ἐστίν, ὡσαύτως δέ καί ὁ νοῦς ταύτῃ συνάμα παρά τοῦ Κτίστου γεγένηται, μόνῃ δηλαδή τῇ προαιρέσει ἀγόμενα καί τῷ ἰδίῳ θελήματι ἀρετῆς ἤ κακίας ἐπιλαμβανόμενα, τουτέστι φωτός ἤ σκότους συγκοινωνοί αἰωνίως καί κληρονόμοι καθίστανται, ἡ ψυχή, φημί, καί ὁ νοῦς ἑνί τούτων προαιρέσει, ὡς εἴρηται, καί θελήματι ἑκουσίως κολλώμενα, εἴτε τῷ ἀγαθῷ τά ἀγαθά γίνονται, εἴτε τῷ πονηρῷ καί πονηρά χρηματίζουσι. Τό δέ γε σῶμα καί τῇ φύσει τρεπτόν, ὅτι καί σύνθετον, καί τῇ οὐσίᾳ ῥευστόν, ὅτι ἐξ ὕλης φθαρτῆς ἔκτισται καί ῥευστῆς, τήν σύγκρασιν ἔχον ἤτοι τήν σύστασιν ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων πρός ἑαυτά. Ἐκ θερμοῦ γάρ καί ψυχροῦ, ὡς φασίν οἱ περί ταῦτα σοφοί καί ἡ ἀλήθεια ἔχει, ἐκ ξηροῦ τε καί ὑγροῦ ἡ οὐσία τούτου ἐστί. Πλήν αὐτό καθ᾿ ἑαυτό ἐστέρηται καί προαιρέσεως καί θελήσεως, εἰ χρή δέ εἰπεῖν καί κινήσεως, εἰ μή τι πάντως τήν τούτου ῥεῦσιν καί τό χωροῦν εἰς φθοράν κίνησίν τις εἴπῃ τῆς αὐτοῦ ὑποστάσεως φυσικήν, ἥτις ἐστίν ἄλογος· εἰ δέ ἄλογος αὕτη, δῆλον ὅτι καί ἀναμάρτητος καί παρά Θεοῦ ἀκατάκριτος. Καί εἰκότως· ὅς γάρ τῇ φύσει παρέπεται, τοῦτο καί καταδίκης ἐκτός. Πύρωσιν δέ καί ἐπιθυμίαν γάμου, συνουσίας μίξιν, ἡδονήν, γαστριμαργίαν, λαιμαργίαν, πολυυπνίαν, ἀργίαν, στολισμόν ἱματίων καί τἆλλα πάντα ἅπερ, ὡς οἱ πολλοί νομίζουσι, τό σῶμα ἐπιζητεῖ, οὐ τό σῶμα, ὡς οὐδέ ὅτε νεκρόν, ἀλλ᾿ ἡ ψυχή διά τούτου ταῦτα ἐπιζητεῖ ἡδυνομένην, ἅπαξ τῷ πηλῷ (322) συγκραθεῖσα καί οἵα δή σῦς ἐν τῷ βορβόρῳ ταύτης ἐγκυλινδεῖσθαι θέλουσα τῶν ἡδονῶν πως, τῆς συγκραθείσης αὐτῇ γλιχομένη σαρκός. Μηδείς οὖν πρός ταῦτα ὑπό τοῦ ἰδίου σώματος συνωθεῖσθαι καί καταναγκάζεσθαι ὑπολάβοι· οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο. Ἀλλά πῶς; ἄκουε συνετῶς.

"Ἔπλασεν ὁ Θεός τόν ἄνθρωπον, χοῦν λαβών ἀπό τῆς γῆς". Ἰδού ἐγώ ἔδειξά σοι τό σῶμα, δεῖξον οὖν μοι καί σύ ποῖα τά πάθη τά ἐν αὐτῷ· ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέν οὐκ ἔχεις ὅλως εἰπεῖν. Εἶτα τί; "Καί ἐνεφύσησεν εἰς τό πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ Κύριος ὁ Θεός, καί ἐγένετο