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man into a living soul" and he rose from the earth and walked about, the spirit within him obviously moving the body in a masterful and authoritative way. But there was no longer any burning or stirring or irrational madness of the belly and appetite, but for him life was without turmoil and his way of life without grief. Let us see then, lest perhaps, because there was no female or because there were no foods that stir up desire, for this reason man was moved neither to the desire for intercourse, nor to gluttony; what then does it say? "God made every beautiful tree to grow, and both Adam and Eve were naked in paradise and were not ashamed." Do you see that neither Eve's being female nor both of them being naked harmed either of them with respect to self-control? But they were both naked and they neither knew one another, nor were ashamed, nor indeed were they led to intercourse by the nature of the body, but after the sin and the transgression and after being outside of paradise and being stripped of God and falling from His divine glory, (323) then, as it is written, "Adam knew his wife and she conceived and gave birth."

Therefore, beloved, if you too love God genuinely and remain in His love, you will never be mastered by any passion, nor will you be tyrannized by the necessity of the body. For just as the body is unable to be moved toward anything without a soul, so too the soul that is united to God through love does not have the strength to be carried away to the pleasures and appetites of the body, nor indeed to any other desires of things seen or even unseen, together with passions. For the impulse of its heart, or rather to say the entire inclination of its will, is bound by the sweet love of God. Therefore, being bound to its own Maker, as has been said, how, tell me, is it able to be inflamed with the body or to fulfill its own desires at all? In no way.

But the changes that naturally follow and occur in the same body are manifest; for they happen and occur in all the saints. For sometimes it is said to be in health, when the humors are not in conflict with each other, but at other times it is forced to fall into sickness, whenever one of the four elements either abounds or becomes less than itself, obviously rising up against the others or rather being overpowered by them and tyrannizing itself, from which come fluxes, mutilations, and perhaps the corruption of the whole living being, our soul being in no way harmed by these things, since most of these arise from incontinence in foods and drinks, and others also from the change of the winds and the air. For when it is cold, the bodies that happen to be of a cold nature (324) are harmed and become weaker, as they are generally cooled, but those of a warm constitution become more temperate and stronger. And when the air becomes warm again, the cold things are warmed as it were and revived, just as flies and other small creatures are illumined by the sun's rays and become stronger and more agile, but those that partake of hotter matter are completely inflamed and exhausted and likewise become weak and inactive for every action and movement. And simply, each thing according to the proportion of its own constitution undergoes change in the alternation of the air and the winds proportionally. But indeed, apart from these, there is likewise in a particular way the change from excessive eating and drinking and that from extreme fasting, and not only this but also from much sleep or wakefulness and from physical labor or idleness a certain change occurs in us. And again, there is another smoky heat given off from the very matter existing in the body and from the natural heat moving within us, as from a bed of coals extinguished by water, and sometimes it is diffused to the head alone, and at other times throughout the whole body.

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ἄνθρωπος εἰς ψυχήν ζῶσαν" καί ἀνέστη ἀπό τῆς γῆς καί περιεπάτει, τοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ πνεύματος κινοῦντος δηλονότι τό σῶμα δεσποτικῶς τε καί ἐξουσιαστικῶς. Πύρωσις δέ ἤ κίνησις ἤ γαστρός ἄλογος μανία καί ὄρεξις οὐδαμοῦ ἔτι ἦν, ἀλλά ἦν αὐτῷ ζωή ἀστασίαστος καί ἄλυπος διαγωγή. Ἴδωμεν οὖν μήποτε, διά τό μή εἶναι θῆλυ ἤ διά τό μή εἶναι τά πρός ἐπιθυμίαν κινοῦντα βρώματα, τούτου γε ἕνεκα ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὔτε πρός συνουσίας ἐπιθυμίαν, οὔτε πρός γαστριμαργίαν κεκίνητο· τί οὖν φησίν; "Ἐξανέτειλε ὁ Θεός πᾶν δένδρον ὡραῖον καί ἦν ὅ τε Ἀδάμ καί ἡ Εὔα ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ γυμνοί καί οὐκ ᾐσχύνοντο". Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὔτε τό θήλειαν εἶναι τήν Εὔαν οὔτε τό γυμνούς ἀμφοτέρους τυγχάνειν πρός σωφροσύνην παρέβλαψέ τινα ἐξ αὐτῶν; Ἀλλά καί γυμνοί ἦσαν καί οὔτε ἀλλήλους ἐγίνωσκον, οὔτε ᾐσχύνοντο, οὔτε μήν ὑπό τῆς τοῦ σώματος φύσεως πρός μίξιν ἐνήγοντο, ἀλλά μετά τήν ἁμαρτίαν καί τήν παράβασιν καί μετά τό ἔξω γενέσθαι τοῦ παραδείσου καί τοῦ Θεοῦ γυμνωθῆναι καί τῆς αὐτοῦ θείας δόξης ἀποπεσεῖν, (323) τότε, ὡς γέγραπται, "ἔγνω Ἀδάμ τήν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καί συλλαβοῦσα ἔτεκε".

Τοιγαροῦν, ἀγαπητέ, ἐάν τόν Θεόν ἀγαπήσῃς γνησίως καί σύ, καί ἐμμείνῃς ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ αὐτοῦ, οὐχ ὑπό τινος πάθους κυριευθήσῃ ποτέ, οὐδέ ὑπό τῆς ἀνάγκης καταδυναστευθήσῃ τοῦ σώματος. Καθάπερ γάρ πρός οὐδέν τό σῶμα κινεῖσθαι δύναται δίχα ψυχῆς, οὕτως οὐδέ ἡ τῷ Θεῷ δι᾿ ἀγάπης ἑνωθεῖσα ψυχή συναπάγεσθαι ἰσχύει πρός τάς τοῦ σώματος ἡδονάς καί ὀρέξεις, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ πρός ἄλλας ἐπιθυμίας τινάς τῶν ὁρωμένων ἤ καί ἀοράτων πραγμάτων ὁμοῦ καί παθῶν. ∆έδεται γάρ ὑπό τῆς γλυκείας ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡ ὁρμή τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς ἤ μᾶλλον εἰπεῖν πᾶσα ἡ ῥοπή τοῦ θελήματος αὐτῆς. Αὕτη οὖν συνδεθεῖσα τῷ ἑαυτῆς, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, Ποιητῇ, πῶς, εἰπέ, δύναται τῷ σώματι πυροῦσθαι ἤ ὅλως ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας ἀποπληροῦν; Οὐδαμῶς.

Αἱ δέ φυσικῶς ἑπόμεναι καί γινόμεναι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σώματι μεταβολαί πρόδηλοι· συμβαίνουσι γάρ καί εἰς πάντας γίνονται τούς ἁγίους. Ποτέ μέν γάρ ὑγείαν ἄγειν λέγεται, ὅταν πρός ἑαυτάς αἱ ὗλαι μή στασιάζωσι, ποτέ δέ νόσῳ περιπίπτειν καταναγκάζεται, ὁπόταν ἕν ἀπό τῶν τεσσάρων στοιχείων ἤ πλεονάσῃ ἤ ἔλαττον ἑαυτοῦ γένηται, κατεξανιστάμενον δηλονότι τῶν ἄλλων ἤ ὑπ᾿ ἐκείνων μᾶλλον ἐπικρατούμενον καί αὐτοτυραννούμενον, ἐξ ὧν γίνονται ῥεύματα, ἀκρωτηριασμοί καί ὅλου ἴσως τοῦ ζῴου διαφθορά, μηδέν ἐκ τούτων παραβλαπτομένην ἡμῶν τῆς ψυχῆς, ἐπειδή τά μέν πλεῖστα τούτων ἀπό ἀκρασίας βρωμάτων καί πομάτων ἐγγίνονται, τά δέ καί ἀπό τῆς τῶν ἀνέμων καί τοῦ ἀέρος ἐναλλαγῆς. Ψυχροῦ γάρ ὄντος αὐτοῦ, τά ψυχρᾶς εἶναι φύσεως (324) λαχόντα σώματα βλάπτονται καί ἀσθενέστερα γίνονται, ὡς ἐπί πολύ ψυχραινόμενα, τά δέ θερμῆς ὄντα κράσεως εὐκρατότερα μᾶλλον καί ἰσχυρότερα γίνονται. Ὅταν δέ θερμός πάλιν γένηται ὁ ἀήρ, τά μέν ψυχρά θάλπονται οἱοενί καί ἀναζωοῦνται, ὡς ὑπό τοῦ ἡλίου αἱ μυῖαι καί τά λοιπά ζῳύφια λαμπόμενα ὑπό τῶν ἀκτίνων αὐτοῦ καί δυνατώτερα καί εἰκινητότερα γίνονται, τά δέ θερμοτέρας ὕλης μετέχοντα ὅλως ὑπερεμπίπρανται καί ἐκλύονται καί πρός πᾶσαν πρᾶξιν καί κίνησιν ὡσαύτως ἀσθενῆ καί ἀδρανῆ γίνονται. Καί ἁπλῶς ἕκαστον κατά ἀναλογίαν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ συγκράσεως ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἀέρος ἐναλλαγῇ καί τῶν ἀνέμων ἀναλόγως καί τήν μεταβολήν ἐπιδέχεται. Ἀλλά γάρ καί δίχα τούτων ὡσαύτως ἰδιαιτέρως ἐστίν ἡ ἐκ βρώσεως καί πόσεως περιττῆς καί ἡ ἐξ ἄκρας νηστείας μεταβολή, οὐ μόνον δέ ἀλλά καί ἐκ πολυυπνίας ἤ ἀγρυπνίας καί ἐκ κόπου ἤ ἀργίας σωματικῆς μεταβολή τις γίνεται ἐν ἡμῖν. Ἄλλη δέ πάλιν ἐστίν ἡ ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς ἐνυπαρχούσης ὕλης τῷ σώματι καί τοῦ ἐν ἡμῖν κινουμένου φυσικοῦ θερμοῦ ἀναδιδομένη καπνώδης πυρά, ὡς ὑπό ὕδατος σβεσθείσης ἀνθρακιᾶς, καί ποτέ μέν πρός μόνην τήν κεφαλήν, ποτέ δέ ἐν ὅλῳ διαχεομένη τῷ σώματι.