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he was again more greatly honored. And Peter also wrought a double slaughter, but nevertheless what was done was spiritual. Let us not, therefore, simply examine matters, but let us also with precision seek out the time, and the cause, and the intention, and the difference of persons, and whatever else accompanies them; for it is not possible otherwise to arrive at the truth; and let us be diligent, if we wish to attain the kingdom, to show something more than the old commandments, since it is not possible otherwise to take hold of the heavenly things. For if we reach the same measure as the ancients, we will stand outside these gates. For unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven. But nevertheless, though so great a threat is laid down, there are some who not only do not surpass that righteousness, but even fall short of it. For not only do they not avoid oaths, but they also commit perjury; not only do they not shun an unchaste glance, but they even fall into the wicked deed itself, and unfeelingly dare all other forbidden things; waiting for one thing only, the day of punishment, and when they will pay the final penalty for their sins; which is for those alone who have ended their life in wickedness. For they must despair, and henceforth expect nothing other than punishment. For those who are still here will be able to fight again, and to conquer, and to be crowned easily. 7. Do not, therefore, grow weary, O man, nor destroy your good zeal; for the commandments are not burdensome. What toil, tell me, is it to avoid an oath? Is it an expense of money? Is it sweat and hardship? It is enough only to be willing, and the whole thing is done. But if you bring up habit to me, for this very reason I say the achievement is especially easy. For if you establish yourself in another habit, you have accomplished everything. Consider, for instance, that among the Greeks many, who stammered, by much practice corrected their faltering tongue; and others who continually raised and moved their shoulders irregularly, stopped it by placing a sword over them. For since you are not persuaded by the Scriptures, I am forced to shame you by outside examples. This God also did with the Jews, saying: Go to the isles of Kittim, and send to Kedar, and know if nations will change their gods; and they are not gods. And He often sends us to irrational creatures, saying thus: Go to the ant, O sluggard, and consider its ways, and go to the bee. This, therefore, I will now also say to you: consider the philosophers of the Greeks, and then you will know how much punishment we are worthy of, who disobey the divine laws; when they have toiled in countless ways for the sake of human decorum, while you do not provide the same diligence even for heavenly things. But if, even after these things, you should say that habit is a terrible thing to steal away even those who are 57.264 very diligent, I too confess this; nevertheless with this I say that just as it is terrible to be led astray, so also it is easy to be corrected. For if you set up many guards for yourself in the house, such as the servant, the wife, the friend, being easily urged and driven by all, you will desist from the wicked habit. And if you achieve this for only ten days, you will no longer need any more time, but the whole matter will lie secure for you, having been rooted again by the strength of a most excellent habit. When, therefore, you begin to correct this, even if you transgress the law once, or a second time, or a third, or a twentieth, do not despair; but rise again, and take up the same diligence, and you will certainly prevail. For perjury is not an ordinary evil. But if swearing is of the evil one, what great punishment will perjury bring? Have you praised what has been said? But I have no need of applause, nor of clamor, nor of shouts. I want one thing only, that hearing with quietness and understanding, you do the things that are spoken. This is my applause, this my encomium. But if you praise what is said, but do not do what you praise, the punishment is greater, the more

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μειζόνως εὐδοκίμησε πάλιν. Καὶ ὁ Πέτρος δὲ διπλοῦν εἰργάσατο φόνον, ἀλλ' ὅμως πνευματικὸν τὸ γενόμενον ἦν. Μὴ τοίνυν ἁπλῶς τὰ πράγματα ἐξετάζωμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καιρὸν, καὶ αἰτίαν, καὶ γνώμην, καὶ προσώπων διαφορὰν, καὶ ὅσα ἂν αὐτοῖς ἕτερα συμβαίνῃ πάντα μετὰ ἀκριβείας ζητῶμεν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔστιν ἑτέρως ἐφικέσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας· καὶ σπουδάζωμεν, εἰ βουλοίμεθα βασιλείας ἐπιτυχεῖν, πλέον τι τῶν παλαιῶν ἐπιδείξασθαι ἐπιταγμάτων, ὡς οὐκ ἐνὸν ἄλλως ἐπιλαβέσθαι τῶν οὐρανίων. Ἂν γὰρ εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ μέτρον τῶν παλαιῶν φθάσωμεν, ἔξω τῶν προθύρων στησόμεθα τούτων. Ἂν γὰρ μὴ περισσεύσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη ὑμῶν πλέον τῶν γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ δύνασθε εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως, καὶ τοσαύτης ἀπειλῆς κειμένης, εἰσί τινες, οἳ οὐ μόνον οὐχ ὑπερβαίνουσι τὴν δικαιοσύνην ἐκείνην, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑστεροῦσιν αὐτῆς. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ὅρκους οὐ φεύγουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπιορκοῦσιν· οὐ μόνον ἀκόλαστον ὄψιν οὐκ ἐκκλίνουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς αὐτὴν τὴν πονηρὰν ἐμπίπτουσι πρᾶξιν, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ἀναλγήτως τὰ κεκωλυμένα τολμῶσιν· ἓν μόνον ἀναμένοντες, τῆς κολάσεως τὴν ἡμέραν, καὶ πότε τὴν ἐσχάτην τῶν πεπλημμελημένων δώσουσι δίκην· ὃ τῶν ἐν πονηρίᾳ καταλυσάντων τὸν βίον ἐστὶ μόνον. Ἐκείνους γὰρ ἀπογινώσκειν χρὴ, καὶ μηδὲν ἕτερον ἢ τὴν κόλασιν λοιπὸν ἀναμένειν. Οἱ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ὄντες ἔτι, καὶ ἀναμαχήσασθαι δυνήσονται, καὶ νικῆσαι, καὶ στεφανωθῆναι ῥᾳδίως. ζʹ. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀναπέσῃς, ἄνθρωπε, μηδὲ τὴν καλὴν καταλύσῃς προθυμίαν· οὐδὲ γὰρ φορτικὰ τὰ ἐπιταττόμενα. Ποῖος πόνος, εἰπέ μοι, ὅρκον φεύγειν· μὴ γὰρ δαπάνη χρημάτων ἐστί; μὴ γὰρ ἱδρὼς καὶ ταλαιπωρία; Ἀρκεῖ θελῆσαι μόνον, καὶ τὸ πᾶν γέγονεν. Εἰ δὲ τὴν συνήθειάν μοι προβάλλῃ, δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα εὔκολον εἶναί φημι τὸ κατόρθωμα. Ἂν γὰρ εἰς ἑτέραν σαυτὸν καταστήσῃς συνήθειαν, τὸ πᾶν κατώρθωσας. Ἐννόησον γοῦν ὅτι παρ' Ἕλλησι πολλοὶ, οἱ μὲν τραυλίζοντες, μελέτῃ πολλῇ χωλεύουσαν αὐτοῖς τὴν γλῶσσαν διώρθωσαν· οἱ δὲ τοὺς ὤμους ἀτάκτως ἀναφερομένους καὶ κινουμένους συνεχῶς, ξίφος ἐπιτιθέντες ἀπέστησαν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ Γραφῶν οὐ πείθεσθε, ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἀναγκάζομαι ἐντρέπειν. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς Ἰουδαίους ἐποίει λέγων· Πορεύθητε εἰς νήσους Χετιεὶμ, καὶ εἰς Κηδὰρ ἀποστείλατε, καὶ γνῶτε εἰ ἀλλάξονται ἔθνη θεοὺς αὐτῶν· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοί. Καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἄλογα δὲ πέμπει πολλάκις, οὕτω λέγων· Ἴθι πρὸς τὸν μύρμηκα, ὦ ὀκνηρὲ, καὶ ζήλωσον τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πορεύθητι πρὸς τὴν μέλισσαν. Τοῦτο τοίνυν καὶ ἐγὼ νῦν ὑμῖν ἐρῶ· ἐννοήσατε τοὺς Ἑλλήνων φιλοσόφους, καὶ τότε εἴσεσθε πόσης ἐσμὲν ἄξιοι κολάσεως οἱ τῶν νόμων τῶν θείων παρακούοντες· ὅταν ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ὑπὲρ εὐσχημοσύνης ἀνθρωπίνης μυρία ὦσι πεπονηκότες, ὑμεῖς δὲ μηδὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν οὐρανίων τὴν αὐτὴν παρέχησθε σπουδήν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα λέγοις, ὅτι δεινὸν ἡ συνήθεια κλέψαι καὶ τοὺς 57.264 σφόδρα σπουδάζοντας, ὁμολογῶ μὲν τοῦτο κἀγώ· πλὴν κἀκεῖνο μετὰ τούτου φημὶ, ὅτι ὥσπερ δεινὸν ἀπατῆσαι, οὕτω καὶ εὔκολον διορθωθῆναι. Ἂν γὰρ ἐπιστήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας πολλοὺς σαυτῷ φύλακας, οἶον τὸν οἰκέτην, τὴν γυναῖκα, τὸν φίλον, ῥᾳδίως ὑπὸ πάντων συνωθούμενός τε καὶ συνελαυνόμενος, ἀποστήσῃ τῆς πονηρᾶς συνηθείας. Κἂν δέκα ἡμέρας μόνον αὐτὸ κατορθώσῃς, οὐκέτι δεήσῃ λοιπὸν ἑτέρου χρόνου, ἀλλὰ κείσεταί σοι μετὰ ἀσφαλείας τὸ πᾶν, τῇ τῆς καλλίστης συνηθείας στεῤῥότητι πάλιν ῥιζωθέν. Ὅταν οὖν ἄρξῃ τοῦτο διορθοῦν, κἂν ἅπαξ, κἂν δεύτερον παραβῇς τὸν νόμον, κἂν τρίτον, κἂν εἰκοστὸν, μὴ ἀπογνῷς· ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀνάστηθι, καὶ ἐπιλαβοῦ τῆς αὐτῆς σπουδῆς, καὶ περιέσῃ πάντως. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ τυχόν ἐστι κακὸν ἐπιορκία. Εἰ δὲ τὸ ὀμνύναι τοῦ πονηροῦ, τὸ ἐπιορκεῖν πόσην οἴσει τὴν τιμωρίαν; Ἐπηνέσατε τὰ εἰρημένα; Ἀλλά μοι κρότων οὐ δεῖ, οὐδὲ θορύβων, οὐδὲ ἠχῆς. Ἓν βούλομαι μόνον, μεθ' ἡσυχίας καὶ ἐπιστήμης ἀκούοντας, ποιεῖν τὰ λεγόμενα. Τοῦτό μοι κρότος, τοῦτο ἐγκώμιον. Ἂν δὲ ἐπαινῇς μὲν τὰ εἰρημένα, μὴ ποιῇς δὲ ἅπερ ἐπαινεῖς, μείζων μὲν ἡ κόλασις, πλείων