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of the things said above, that God is known not only from the things that are, but also from the things that are not by pre-eminence, that is, of the uncreated things, and in addition also through an eternal light established high above all beings, which is given now as a pledge to the worthy and which illumines them unceasingly throughout the unending age, of necessity (p. 566) this contemplation is also true, and he who says this is not true has fallen away from the divine knowledge of God. “But,” he says, “all knowledge of God is from the things around Him, not from the things according to Him.” And where in this saying do we say that this theophany is not of the things around God? For we indeed place it above all other existing things; but that it is from the things according to Him in God is in no way stated. And you would find the theologians placing not only this, but also many other contemplations exceedingly above the knowledge of God from created things, and distinguishing this one from all the others and deeming it pre-eminently worthy of divine names, as the sole deifying manifestation of God.

But it is necessary for us to bring to a close this discourse, which has just now been extended to great length, having reserved for the next section the refutation of the philosopher's ignorance in his treatises *On Knowledge*.

FIRST DISCOURSE AGAINST THE SECOND [TREATISES] (P. 568)

A REFUTATION OF THE RESULTING ABSURDITIES

FROM THE SECOND WRITINGS OF THE PHILOSOPHER BARLAAM OR ON DEIFICATION

But if the book is composed *Against the Messalians*, just as it is entitled, what possessed him to put forward the teachings of our divine fathers mixed with their evil doctrines, and then to flow on at great length against them, having left aside those who are with them? But if he decided it was necessary to take up war against the saints from ages past and against us who choose to confess with them, what is the purpose of “Messalians” and “Blachernites” and such epithets? Or is it clear that such things are a stage and a mask, bringing much and varied, or rather, all kinds of insult upon all, along with deception towards the many, so that we might all be insulted in many ways, both the fathers who were of human stock along with those who detected the deceit and were not persuaded, by being ranked with the heretics and then by the refutation against them through the treatises, and by the shameless and terrible drunken outrages between these supposed refutations, while as many as were misled and persuaded, of necessity suffering one of two things, either now or previously being revealed to be among the deceived, by being revealed as having formerly considered venerable those who are now recognized as heretics, and, in short, so that thus both all of us and our holy and venerable things, almost all of them, might appear as laughter and mockery and a plaything? But if, playing with things not to be played with, he innovates with empty and superfluous and counterfeit disputes and antitheses, and so that he himself might be thought to be some extraordinary and great sophist, (p. 570) he unrestrainedly commits outrage, alas, against things awful and venerable, why do we not all turn away from this man, or at least turn him away from so great an evil with the appropriate vehemence?

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ἀνωτέρω εἰρημένων, ὡς οὐκ ἐκ τῶν ὄντων μόνων ὁ Θεός γινώσκεται, ἀλλά καί ἐκ τῶν καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὄντων, τουτέστι τῶν ἀκτίστων, πρός δέ καί διά φωτός αἰωνίου καί τῶν ὄντων πάντων ὑπερανῳκισμένου, νῦν τε ἐν ἀρραβῶνος μέρει τοῖς ἀξίοις διδομένου καί κατά τόν ἄληκτον αἰῶνα περιαυγάζοντος αὐτούς ἀλήκτως, ἐξ ἀνάγκης (σελ. 566) καί ἡ θεωρία αὕτη ἀληθής ἐστι καί ὁ μή ἀληθῆ λέγων ταύτην Θεοῦ θείας γνώσεως ἐκπέπτωκεν. «Ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τῶν περί αὐτόν», φησίν, «οὐκ ἐκ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτόν πᾶσα γνῶσις τοῦ Θεοῦ». Καί ποῦ ἐν τῇ ρήσει ταύτῃ λέγομεν ὡς ἡ θεοφάνεια αὕτη τῶν περί Θεόν οὐκ ἔστι; Πάντων μέν γάρ τῶν ἄλλως ὄντων ὑπερτίθεμεν αὐτήν˙ ὡς δ᾿ ἐκ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτόν ἐστι Θεῷ, οὐδαμῶς ἐστι προσκείμενον. Εὕροις δ᾿ ἄν τούς θεολόγους οὐ ταύτην μόνην, ἀλλά καί πολλάς ἄλλας θεωρίας τῆς ἀπό τῶν κτιστῶν θεογνωσίας ὑπερτιθέντας ἐς τά μάλιστα, ταύτην δέ καί τῶν ἄλλων πασῶν ἀποδιαστέλλοντας καί θεωνυμίας ἐξόχως ἀξιοῦντας, ὡς μόνην Θεοῦ θεοποιόν ἐμφάνειαν.

∆εῖν δ᾿ ἡμῖν ἀρτίως εἰς πολύ μῆκος ἐκεινομένῳ δοῦναι τῷ λόγῳ πέρας, εἰς τό ἑξῆς ταμιευσαμένους τῶν Περί γνώσεως λόγων τοῦ φιλοσόφου ἀπελέγξαι τήν ἄγνοιαν.

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΩΝ (Σελ. 568)

ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΩΝ ΑΤΟΠΩΝ

ΕΚ ΤΩΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΟΥ ΒΑΡΛΑΑΜ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΩΝ Ἤ ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΩΣΕΩΣ

Ἀλλ᾿ εἰ μέν Κατά Μασσαλιανῶν, καθάπερ καί ἐπιγέγραπται, τό βιβλίον

πεποίηται, τί παθών τά τῶν θείων ἡμῶν πατέρων ἀναμίξ ταἰς ἐκείνων κακοδοξίαις προβάλλεται καί κατ᾿ αὐτῶν ἔπειτα πολύς ρεῖ, τῶν κατ᾿ ἐκείνους ἀφέμενος; Εἰ δέ κατά τῶν ἀπ᾿ αἰῶνος ἁγίων καί τῶν αὐτοῖς ὁμολογεῖν αἱρουμένων ἡμῶν δεῖν ἔγνω πόλεμον ἄρασθαι, τί βούλονται Μασσαλιανοί καί Βλαχερνῖται καί τά τοιαῦτα προσρήματα; Ἤ δῆλον ὅτι σκηνή τά τοιαῦτα καί προσωπεῖόν ἐστι, πολλήν καί ποικίλην, μᾶλλον δέ παντοδαπήν, μετά τῆς πρός τούς πολλούς ἀπάτης καί τήν ὕβριν πρός πάντας ἐπιφερόμενα, ἵν᾿ ὦμεν ἅπαντες ὑβρισμένοι καί πολλαχῶς, οἱ μέν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γεγονότες πατέρες μετά τῶν φωρασάντων τόν δόλον καί μή πεισθέντων, τῷ τε τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς συντετάχθαι καί τῷ κατ᾿ αὐτῶν ἔπειτα διά τῶν λόγων ἐλέγχῳ καί ταῖς μεταξύ τῶν δοκούντων τούτων ἐλέγχων ἀναισχύντοις καί δεινοῖς παροινίαις, ὅσοι δ᾿ ἄν παραχθέντες πεισθεῖεν, δυοῖν θάτερον ἐξ ἀνάγκης παθόντες, ἤ νῦν ἤ πρότερον φανεροί γεγονότες τῶν πεπλανημένων ὑπάρχοντες, τῷ φανεροῖ γεγενῆσθαι σεπτούς πρῴην ἡγούμενοι τούς νῦν κακοδόξους γνωριζομένους, καί ἁπλῶς ἵν᾿ οὕτω πάντες τε ἡμεῖς καί τά καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἱερά τε καί σεμνά σχεδόν ἅπαντα γέλως ἀναφανῇ καί χεύη καί παίγνιον; Εἰ δ᾿ ἄρα παίζων ἐν οὐ παικτοῖς, κενάς καί περιττάς καί κιβδήλους λογομαχίας τε καί ἀντιθέσεις καινοτομεῖ, καί ὡς περιττός τις αὐτός νομισθείη καί πολύς τήν σοφιστικήν (σελ. 570) ἀνέδην ὑβρίζει, φεῦ, εἰς τά φρικτά καί σεβάσμια, τί μή πάντες ἐκτρεπόμεθα τοῦτον, ἤ γοῦν ἐκτρέπομεν αὐτόν τοῦ τηλικούτου κακοῦ μετά τῆς προσηκούσης σφοδρότητος;