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to him who died for us and was raised (318) and raised us up to heaven, and to always follow in his footsteps, being cleansed through repentance of the stain of sin and putting on the luminous tunic of the incorruptibility of the Spirit in Christ himself our God, to whom is due all glory, honor, and worship unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Concerning the alteration of soul and body, of those that come upon us from the air, from the elements, from foods, and from demons.

Discourse 25. (319) Brothers and fathers, the monk ought not only to understand and perceive the alterations and changes that occur in the soul, but also their causes, whatever they may be and from whence they happen to occur in him. For sometimes a sudden joy comes to the soul, and at other times a grief likewise comes upon it and a severe heaviness. And sometimes it becomes full of compunction, and at other times the same is hardened and becomes callous like a stone. Again, at another time it becomes gentle and humble, and a little later arrogant and irascible and raging against all the brothers. And sometimes it becomes listless and slothful and unwilling for any good work, and at other times roused and watchful and eager for every obedience, so as even to mock those with him and to rouse them to what is good. And sometimes it is restrained and reverent, and at other times dissipated and shameless. And sometimes it lovingly remembers those who are absent and calls them to itself, and at other times it does not wish to look upon either them or those present. (320) And sometimes it becomes so constricted in on itself that it despairs of its own life, and at other times it is so expanded and exultation abounds in it, that it is unable even to restrain itself, even if it forces itself to do so.

Now these things are naturally wont to occur concerning the natural movements of the soul and of the body, whenever we are struggling concerning the work of virtue and the fulfillment of the commandments. But just as the things of the soul are thus altered, in the same manner the things of our intellect are also altered and thus somehow changed. For sometimes it is sharp in understanding and sharper in swiftly going through and discerning the things understood or seen by it, and at other times it becomes slow and sluggish toward both. And sometimes the same becomes as it were without mind and speechless and deaf, and at other times well-disposed and well-spoken, both able to hear and intelligent. And sometimes blind, and at other times able to see, striving to enter into the depth and height of contemplation beyond the measure of human nature. And sometimes it is simple toward every contemplation and free, not at all remembering the evils that have happened before it nor thinking about any of these things at all, and at other times complex, as it were thinking and contriving things that are not happening and being wicked; and it becomes like a flame being smothered by smoke in wet wood, being wicked not only toward those present, but it also often fashions in itself vain and false thoughts concerning certain absent ones; whence also the heart, being much grieved and not consenting to the intellect in such things, is in no way able to help at all, nor to make it desist from its vain reasonings.

(321) And these things are concerning the alterations of the intellect and of our intellectual and divine soul. But the irregularities that happen to us concerning the body, even if they seem to be easily diagnosed and readily recognized by us, it is not so. For in this especially there is much change from nature for the most part. For the soul

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ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἀποθανόντι καί ἐγερθέντι (318) καί εἰς οὐρανούς ἡμᾶς ἀνυψώσαντι, καί αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἴχνεσιν ἀεί ἕπεσθαι, καθαιρομένους διά τῆς μετανοίας τοῦ σπίλου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καί ἐπενδυομένους τόν φωτεινόν χιτῶνα τῆς ἀφθαρσίας τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν αὐτῷ Χριστῷ τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν, ᾧ πρέπει πᾶσα δόξα, τιμή καί προσκύνησις εἰς τούς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

Περί ἀλλοιώσεως ψυχῆς τε καί σώματος, τῶν ἐξ ἀέρος, τῶν ἐκ στοιχείων, τῶν ἐκ βρωμάτων καί τῶν δαιμόνων ἐπιγινομένων ἡμῖν.

Λόγος ΚΕ΄. (319) Ἀδελφοί καί πατέρες, ὀφείλει ὁ μοναχός μή μόνον τάς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γινομένας

ἀλλοιώσεις καί μεταβολάς ἐπίστασθαι καί νοεῖν, ἀλλά καί τάς αἰτίας αὐτῶν, ὁποῖαί ποτ᾿ ἄν ὦσι καί πόθεν ἐν αὐτῷ συμβαίνουσι γίνεσθαι. Ποτέ μέν γάρ αἰφνίδιος γίνεται χαρά τῇ ψυχῇ, ποτέ δέ λύπη ταύτῃ ὡσαύτως ἐπέρχεται καί βάρος σφοδρόν. Καί ποτέ μέν εὐκατάνυκτος γίνεται, ποτέ δέ σκληραίνεται ἡ αὐτή καί ὡς λίθος πεπώρωται. Ἄλλοτε πάλιν πραεῖα καί ταπεινή γίνεται καί μετά μικρόν μετέωρος καί θυμώδης καί λυσσῶσα πρός πάντας τούς ἀδελφούς. Καί ποτέ μέν χαύνη καί ῥᾴθυμος καί ἀπρόθυμος εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν γίνεται, ποτέ δέ διεγηγερμένη καί γρηγοροῦσα καί πρόθυμος εἰς πᾶσαν ὑπακοήν, ὡς καί τούς συνόντας σκώπτειν καί διεγείρειν πρός τό καλόν. Καί ποτέ μέν συνεσταλμένη ὑπάρχει καί εὐλαβής, ποτέ δέ διακεχυμένη καί ἀναιδής. Καί ποτέ μέν τῶν ἀπόντων ἀγαπητικῶς μεμνημένη καί προσκαλουμένη πρός ἑαυτήν, ποτέ δέ οὐδέ ἐκείνους οὐδέ τούς συνόντας βούλεται καθορᾶν. (320) Καί ποτέ μέν συμπνιγομένη ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτήν γίνεται, ὡς καί τήν ζωήν αὐτῆς ἀπολέγεσθαι, ποτέ δέ ἐπί τοσοῦτον πλατυνομένη καί ἡ ἀγαλλίασις ἐν ταύτῃ πληθύνεται, ὡς μηδέ ἐπισχεῖν δυναμένη ἑαυτήν, εἰ καί τοῦτο βιάζεται.

Ταῦτα μέν οὖν πέφυκε γίνεσθαι περί τάς φυσικάς κινήσεις τῆς ψυχῆς καί τοῦ σώματος, ὁπόταν ἐναγωνίως ἔχωμεν περί τήν ἐργασίαν τῆς ἀρετῆς καί τῶν ἐντολῶν τήν ἐκπλήρωσιν. Ἀλλά καθάπερ οὕτως ἀλλοιοῦται τά τῆς ψυχῆς, τόν αὐτόν τρόπον καί τά τοῦ νοός ἀλλοιοῦται ἡμῶν καί οὕτω πως μεταβάλλεται. Ποτέ μέν γάρ ὀξύς εἰς τό νοῆσαί ἐστι καί ὀξύτερος εἰς τό τά νοούμενα ἤτοι βλεπόμενα παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ διελθεῖν καί διακρῖναι συντόμως, ποτέ δέ ἀργός πρός τά ἀμφότερα γίνεται καί βραδύς. Καί ποτέ μέν ὁ αὐτός ἄνους οἱονεί καί ἄλαλος γίνεται καί κωφός, ποτέ δέ εὔνους τις καί εὔλαλος, ἀκουστικός τε ἅμα καί συνετός. Καί ποτέ μέν τυφλός, ποτέ δέ ὁρατικός, εἰς βάθος καί ὕψος θεωρίας ὑπέρ τό μέτρον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως εἰσελθεῖν βιαζόμενος. Καί ποτέ μέν ἁπλοῦς πρός πᾶσαν θεωρίαν ἐστί καί ἐλεύθερος, μή μεμνημένος ὅλως τῶν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ γεγονότων κακῶν μηδέ τι τούτων ἐννοῶν τό καθόλου, ποτέ δέ ποικίλος, οἱονεί τά μή γινόμενα ἐννοῶν καί ἐπινοῶν καί πονηρευόμενος· καί ὥσπερ φλόξ ἐν ὑγροῖς ξύλοις ὑπό καπνοῦ συμπνιγομένη γίνεται, πονηρευόμενος οὐκ εἰς τούς παρόντας μόνους, ἀλλά δή καί περί τινων ἀπόντων πολλάκις μάταια καί ψευδῆ ἀναπλάττει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐνθυμήματα· ἔνθεν τοι καί τῆς καρδίας πολλά λυπουμένης καί μή συντιθεμένης εἰς τά τοιαῦτα τῷ νῷ, οὐδέν οὐδαμῶς ὠφελῆσαι δύναται, οὐδέ ἀποστῆσαι αὐτόν τῶν ματαίων συλλογισμῶν.

(321) Καί ταῦτα μέν περί τε τῶν ἀλλοιώσεων τοῦ νοός καί τῆς νοερᾶς ἡμῶν καί θείας ψυχῆς. Αἱ δέ γινόμεναι ἡμῖν περί τό σῶμα ἀνωμαλίαι, εἰ καί δοκοῦσιν εἶναι εὐδιάγνωστοι καί ῥᾳδίως ἡμῖν ἐπιγινωσκόμεναι, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει. Πολλή γάρ ἐν τούτῳ μάλιστά ἐστιν ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ὡς ἐπί τό πλεῖστον μεταβολή. Ἡ μέν γάρ ψυχή