John Chrysostom, On John

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with the wisdom that befitted Him, He orders all present things. For He sat, resting His body, and refreshing it by the spring. For it was the very middle of the day, which the Evangelist also indicated by saying, It was about the sixth hour; and He sat thus. What then is, Thus? Not on a throne, he says, not on a cushion, but simply and as it chanced upon the ground. A woman of Samaria comes to draw water. 4. See how He shows that the woman also came out for another reason, everywhere stopping the shameless contradiction of the Jews, and so that no one might say that He contradicts His own command, by commanding not to enter a city of the Samaritans, while conversing with Samaritans. Wherefore also the Evangelist has set down the words, His disciples had gone away into the city to buy food, introducing many reasons for His conversation with her. What then says the woman? Having heard, Give me to drink, very wisely she takes the word from Christ as the foundation for a question, and says: How is it that you, being a Jew, ask to drink of me, who am a Samaritan woman? For the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans. And whence did she suppose Him to be a Jew? Perhaps from His dress, and from His dialect. But consider how discreet the woman was. For if there was a need to be cautious, it was Jesus who needed to be, not she. For it is not said that Samaritans have no dealings with Jews, but, Jews do not receive Samaritans. But nevertheless the woman, although free from blame, since she thought another was opposing her, did not even so keep silent, but, as she thinks, corrects what was happening contrary to the law. But one might be puzzled about this, how Jesus asked to drink from her, when the law did not permit it? For if one were to say, that because He foreknew she would not give it, for this very reason He ought not even to have asked. What then is there to say? That it was a matter of indifference to Him henceforth to cast aside such observances. For He who was leading others to abolish them, much more would He Himself have passed them by. For not that which goes in, He says, defiles a man, but that which comes out. And His conversation with the woman would be no small accusation against the Jews, because they were often drawn 59.181 both by words and by deeds, and did not endure it; but she, see how she is held fast by a mere question. For He Himself did not for the time set up this business, nor this way; but if any came, He did not forbid them. For He simply told His disciples not to enter into a city of the Samaritans, not to drive them away when they approached; for this was very unworthy of His loving-kindness. For this reason He also answers the woman, and says: If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that says to you, Give me to drink; you would have asked Him, and He would have given you living water. First He shows she is worthy to hear, and not to be overlooked; and then He reveals Himself. For she was about, as soon as she learned who He was, to obey and attend to Him; which one could not say about the Jews. For even when they learned, they asked nothing of Him, nor did they desire to learn anything useful, but even insulted and drove Him away. But the woman, having heard these things, see how reasonably she answers: Sir, you have nothing to draw with, and the well is deep; from where then do you have the living water? For the time being He raised her from her lowly suspicion, and from thinking that He was one of the many. For she does not simply call Him Lord here, but bestowing much honor. For that she said these things honoring Him, is clear from what was said next. For she did not laugh, nor mock, but for the time was perplexed. But if she did not immediately understand the whole thing, do not be surprised; for neither did Nicodemus. For what does he say? How can these things be? and again, How can a man be born when he is old? and again, Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born? But she more respectfully: Sir, you have nothing to draw with, and the well is deep; from where then do you have the living water? He was saying one thing to her, but she was suspecting another, hearing nothing more than the words, nor being able for the time to understand anything lofty, although it was possible

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τῆς προσηκούσης αὐτῷ σοφίας πάντα τὰ παρόντα οἰκονομεῖ. Ἐκάθητο μὲν γὰρ, ἀναπαύων τὸ σῶμα, καὶ παρὰ τὴν πηγὴν ἀναψύχων αὐτό. Αὐτὸ γὰρ ἦν τῆς ἡμέρας τὸ μεσαίτατον, ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, Ὥρα ἦν ὡσεὶ ἕκτη· καὶ ἐκάθητο οὕτως. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Οὕτως; Οὐκ ἐπὶ θρόνου, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐπὶ προσκεφαλαίου, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν ἐπ' ἐδάφους. Ἔρχεται γυνὴ ἐκ τῆς Σαμαρείας ἀντλῆσαι ὕδωρ. δʹ. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα δι' ἄλλο δείκνυσιν ἐξελθοῦσαν, πανταχοῦ τὴν ἀναίσχυντον τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπιστομίζων ἀντιλογίαν, καὶ ἵνα μή τις λέγῃ ὅτι ἐναντιοῦται ἑαυτοῦ τῷ προστάγματι, εἰς μὲν πόλιν κελεύων μὴ εἰσιέναι Σαμαρειτῶν, Σαμαρείταις δὲ διαλεγόμενος. ∆ιὸ καὶ τὸ, Ἀπεληλύθεισαν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν πόλιν, ἵνα τροφὰς ἀγοράσωσι, τέθεικεν ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς, πολλὰς εἰσάγων αἰτίας τῆς πρὸς αὐτὴν διαλέξεως. Τί οὖν ἡ γυνή; Ἀκούσασα, ∆ός μοι πιεῖν, σφόδρα συνετῶς εἰς κατασκευὴν ἐρωτήσεως τὸν παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγον λαμβάνει, καὶ λέγει· Πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν, αἰτεῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ πιεῖν οὔσης γυναικὸς Σαμαρείτιδος; Οὐ γὰρ συγχρῶνται Ἰουδαῖοι Σαμαρείταις. Καὶ πόθεν αὐτὸν Ἰουδαῖον ἐνόμιζεν εἶναι; Ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος ἴσως, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς διαλέξεως. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει πῶς διεσκεμμένον τὸ γύναιον ἦν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐχρῆν φυλάξασθαι, τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐχρῆν, οὐκ ἐκείνην. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Σαμαρεῖται τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις οὐ συγχρῶνται, ἀλλ', Ἰουδαῖοι Σαμαρείτας οὐ προσίενται. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡ γυνὴ καίτοι κατηγορίας ἀπηλλαγμένη, ἐπειδὴ ἐνόμισεν ἕτερον αὐτῇ ἀντιπίπτειν, οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐσίγησεν, ἀλλ' ὡς οἴεται διορθοῦται τὸ μὴ κατὰ νόμον γινόμενον. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο ἄν τις διαπορήσειε, πῶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐζήτησε παρ' αὐτῆς πιεῖν, τοῦ νόμου οὐκ ἐπιτρέποντος; Εἰ γὰρ λέγοι τις, ὅτι τῷ προειδέναι μὴ δώσουσαν, δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο οὐδὲ αἰτῆσαι ἐχρῆν. Τί οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν; Ὅτι ἀδιάφορον αὐτῷ λοιπὸν ἦν τὰς τοιαύτας ἐκβάλλειν παρατηρήσεις. Ὁ γὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐνάγων εἰς τὸ λύειν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς αὐτὰς ἂν παρέδραμεν. Οὐ γὰρ τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον, φησὶ, κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον. Οὐ μικρὰ δὲ κατηγορία γένοιτ' ἂν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα διάλεξις, διότι ἐκεῖνοι μὲν πολ 59.181 λάκις ἐπεσπῶντο, καὶ διὰ ῥημάτων καὶ διὰ πραγμάτων, καὶ οὐκ ἠνείχοντο· αὕτη δὲ, ὅρα πῶς κατέχεται ἀπὸ ψιλῆς ἐρωτήσεως. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἐνεστήσατο τέως ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν, οὐδὲ τὴν ὁδόν· εἰ δέ τινες παρεγένοντο, οὐκ ἐκώλυε. Καὶ γὰρ τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἁπλῶς ἔλεγεν, εἰς πόλιν Σαμαρειτῶν μὴ εἰσελθεῖν, οὐχὶ καὶ προσιόντας διακρούεσθαι· σφόδρα γὰρ ἀνάξιον ἦν αὐτοῦ τῆς φιλανθρωπίας. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ἀποκρίνεται τῇ γυναικὶ, καί φησιν· Εἰ ᾔδεις τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ λέγων σοι, ∆ός μοι πιεῖν· σὺ ἂν ᾔτησας αὐτὸν, καὶ ἔδωκεν ἄν σοι ὕδωρ ζῶν. Πρότερον δείκνυσιν ἀξίαν οὖσαν ἀκοῦσαι, καὶ μὴ παροφθῆναι· καὶ τότε ἑαυτὸν ἐκκαλύπτει. Καὶ γὰρ ἔμελλεν εὐθέως μαθοῦσα ὅστις ἐστὶν, ὑπακούσεσθαι καὶ προσέξειν αὐτῷ· ὅπερ περὶ Ἰουδαίων οὐκ ἄν τις εἴποι. Καὶ γὰρ μαθόντες, ᾔτησαν αὐτὸν οὐδὲν, οὐδὲ ἐπεθύμησάν τι μαθεῖν τῶν χρησίμων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὕβριζον καὶ ἀπήλαυνον. Ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ταῦτα ἀκούσασα, ὅρα πῶς ἐπιεικῶς ἀποκρίνεται· Κύριε, οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις, καὶ τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ· πόθεν οὖν ἔχεις τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ζῶν; Τέως αὐτὴν τῆς ὑπονοίας τῆς ταπεινῆς ἀνέστησε, καὶ τοῦ νομίζειν ἕνα τῶν πολλῶν εἶναι. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἐνταῦθα καλεῖ Κύριον, ἀλλὰ πολλὴν ἀπονέμουσα τὴν τιμήν. Ὅτι γὰρ τιμῶσα ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἑξῆς εἰρημένων δῆλον. Οὐ γὰρ κατεγέλασεν, οὐδὲ ἐκωμῴδησεν, ἀλλὰ διηπόρει τέως. Εἰ δὲ μὴ εὐθέως τὸ πᾶν ἐνενόησε, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Νικόδημος. Τί γὰρ ἐκεῖνός φησι; Πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι; καὶ πάλιν· Πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν· καὶ πάλιν· Μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι; Αὕτη δὲ αἰδεσιμώτερον· Κύριε, οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις, καὶ τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ· πόθεν οὖν ἔχεις τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ζῶν; Ἄλλο πρὸς αὐτὴν ἔλεγεν, ἄλλο δὲ ὑπώπτευεν ἐκείνη, οὐδὲν πλέον ἀκούουσα τῶν ῥημάτων, οὐδὲ ἐννοῆσαι τέως τι ὑψηλὸν δυναμένη, καίτοι γε ἐνῆν