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beheld, a hypostatic light, uncreated, ever-existing from the ever-existing One and inconceivably, now in part, but in the age to come more perfectly manifested to the worthy and revealing God to them through itself. But this philosopher, seeing himself a stranger to such a light, as having not even for a little partaken of that which leads to it, being in no way able to bear it, did not add practice to faith, so that through it he might attain to that contemplation, but having denied the faith and having disparaged with his words those who have not denied it, but have also been raised up through it, so that it appeared to the many to be beyond them, he sets aside grace, blasphemes the Lord of grace, and dishonors in common all the saints, for whom it was possible through experience to learn and to teach about the light of grace.

Since he has decided it is necessary to dare such things, not dwelling among Scythians, nor moving among Hagarenes, but in the midst of the Church of Christ, and this at a time when, if ever, she is rightly dividing the word of truth, he uses much guile and (p. 580) sets forth his arguments against the saints very obscurely and with the greatest possible concealment, as if he who subverts these things were striving on behalf of the Church of Christ herself and her pious dogmas. Therefore, omitting every name of any saint, he brought forward a certain Theodore of Trebizond, who is in charge of the Blachernae, but was found to be sick with the disease of the Messalians; he brought this man forward, supposedly defending himself and saying clearly that he does not now, as formerly, hold the superessential hiddenness of God to be visible, but asserting that the glory of God is a hypostatic and unoriginate light, called divinity and thearchy, and simply whatever the saints have written about the deifying gift of the Spirit.

For in many places in his writings the great Dionysius called this thearchy and the principle of goodness and divinity, as being the principle of those who are deified, beyond which, he says, is God, as being super-divine and above all principle. And the divine Maximus called this divinity deification; and defining deification, he said it is "a hypostatic illumination, not having a beginning, but an inconceivable manifestation in the worthy," adding the other things which we have already set forth a little above. And we have heard Basil the Great say that that which is poured out upon us through the Son is uncreated. And John, golden of tongue, joining with the power of Basil's arguments, will both shame the Latins and destroy the deceitful machinations of this empty-minded man, saying, "not God, but the grace is poured out"; and before the golden-mouthed father, the prophet Joel, or rather God through the prophet, having said, not "I will pour out my spirit," but "I will pour out of my Spirit." If, then, the Spirit is not divided into parts, what is the Spirit poured out upon us from (p. 582) the Spirit of God by God according to the promise? Is it not the grace and energy of the Spirit, being an energy of the substance of the Spirit? But the Spirit poured out upon us from God is not created, according to the great Basil. The grace, therefore, is uncreated, and this is what is given and sent and bestowed by the Son to the disciples, but not the Spirit itself, and this is the deifying gift, being an energy not only uncreated but also inseparable from the all-holy Spirit. Listen again to the great Basil: "For," he says, "the life which the Spirit sends forth into another's hypostasis is not separated from it"; and lest it should seem to anyone that he is speaking of our natural life, although he said to send forth, and not to create, but rather to send forth, which is somehow more emphatic along with 'uncreated' and 'without beginning', nevertheless, lest he should seem to be saying something natural,

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ἐποπτευόμενον, φῶς ἐνυπόστατον, ἄκτιστον, ἀεί ὄν ἐκ τοῦ ἀεί ὄντος καί ἀνεπινοήτως, νῦν μέν ἐκ μέρους, ἐπί δέ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος τελεωτέρως φανερούμενον τοῖς ἀξίοις καί τόν Θεόν αὐτοῖς δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ φανεροῦν. Ὁ δέ φιλόσοφος οὖτος ξένον ἑαυτόν τοῦ τοιούτου συνορῶν φωτός, ὡς τῆς πρός αὐτό φερούσης μηδέ πρός ὀλίγον ἡμμένος, φέρειν οἷός τε ὤν οὐδαμῶς οὐ τῇ πίστει τήν πρᾶξιν προσέθηκεν, ἵνα δι᾿ αὐτῆς πρός ἐκείνην φθάσῃ τήν θεωρίαν, ἀλλά καί τήν πίστιν ἀπαρνησάμενος καί τούς μή ταύτην ἠρνημένους, ἀλλά καί δι᾿ αὐτῆς ἀνηγμένους, ὡς ὑπέρ αὐτούς τοῖς πολλοῖς αὐτό δόξαι, τοῖς λόγοις ἐξουδενώσας, ἀθετεῖ μέν τήν χάριν, βλασφημεῖ δέ εἰς τόν τῆς χάριτος Κύριον, ἀτιμάζει δέ κοινῇ πάντας τούς ἁγίους, ὅσοις ἐξεγένετο διά πεῖρας μαθεῖν τε καί διδάξαι περί τοῦ φωτός τῆς χάριτος.

Ἐπεί δέ τοιαῦτα τολμῆσαι δεῖν ἔγνωκεν, οὐ Σκύθαις ἐνοικῶν, οὐδ᾿ Ἀγαρηνοῖς ἐνστρεφόμενος, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν μέσῃ τῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, καί ταῦτα νῦν εἴπερ ποτέ τόν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας ὀρθοτομούσῃ, πολλῷ χρῆται τῷ δόλῳ καί (σελ. 580) συνεσκιασμένως ἄγαν καί μετ᾿ ἐπικρύψεως ὅ τι πλείστης τούς κατά τῶν ἁγίων προτίθεται λόγοις, ὡς ὑπέρ αὐτῆς τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἐκκλησίας καί τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτήν εὐσεβῶν δογμάτων ὁ ταῦτα περιτρέπων ἀγωνιζόμενος. Ἀφείς τοίνυν πᾶσαν παντός ἁγίου ἐπωνυμίαν, τραπεζούντιόν τινα Θεόδωρον εἰς μέσον προήγαγεν, ὅς προέστι μέν τῶν Βλαχερνῶν, τά Μασσαλιανῶν δ᾿ ἐφωράθη νοσῶν˙ τοῦτον τοίνυν προήνεγκεν ὑπέρ ἑαυτοῦ δῆθεν ἀπολογούμενον καί λέγοντα σαφῶς μή τήν ὑπερούσιον κρυφιότητα νῦν καθάπερ πρότερον ὁρατήν δοξάζειν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλά τήν δόξαν δ᾿ εἶναι φάσκοντα Θεοῦ φῶς ἐνυπόστατον καί ἀγένητον καί θεότητα καί θεαρχίαν ὀνομαζόμενον, καί ἁπλῶς ὅσα περί τῆς θεοποιοῦ δωρεᾶς τοῦ Πνεύματος οἱ ἅγιοι συνεγράψαντο.

Θεαρχίαν γάρ ταύτην καί ἀγαθαρχίαν καί θεότητα, ὡς ἀρχήν τῶν θεουμένων οὖσαν, πολλαχοῦ τῶν λόγων ὁ μέγας ∆ιονύσιος προσεῖπεν, ἧς ἐπέκεινα, φησίν, εἶναι τόν Θεόν ὡς ὑπέρθεον ὄντα καί ὑπεράρχιον. Μάξιμος δέ ὁ θεῖος θέωσιν τήν θεότητα προσηγόρευσεν ταύτην˙ τήν δέ θέωσιν ὁριζόμενος, «ἐνυπόστατον» εἶπεν «ἔλλαμψιν, μή ἔχουσαν γένεσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἀνεπινόητον ἐν τοῖς ἀξίοις φανέρωσιν», προσθείς καί τἄλ᾿ ὅσα μικρόν ἀνωτέρω προθέντες ἔφθημεν. Βασιλείου δέ τοῦ μεγάλου ἀκηκόαμεν εἰπόντος ἄκτιστον τό διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐκχεόμενον. Ἰωάννης δέ ὁ τήν γλῶτταν χρυσοῦς, τῷ Βασιλείου κράτει τῶν λόγων συναφθείς, τούς τε Λατίνους αἰσχυνεῖ καί τά δολερά τοῦ κενόφρονος τούτου καταλύσει μηχανήματα, «μή τόν Θεόν», λέγων, «ἀλλά τήν χάριν ἐκχεῖσθαι»˙ καί πρό τοῦ Χρυσορρήμονος πατρός ὁ προφήτης Ἰωήλ, μᾶλλον δέ διά τοῦ προφήτου ὁ Θεός εἰπών, οὐκ "ἐκχεῶ τό πνεῦμα μου", ἀλλ᾿ «ἐκχεῶ ἀπό τοῦ Πνεύματός μου». Εἰ τοίνυν τό Πνεῦμα μή κατακερματίζεται, τί τό ἐκ τοῦ (σελ. 582) Πνεύματος τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπό Θεοῦ κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐκχεόμενον Πνεῦμα; Ἆρ᾿ οὐχ ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος χάρις τε καί ἐνέργεια, ἐνέργεια οὖσα τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πνεύματος; Ἀλλά τό παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐκχεόμενον Πνεῦμα οὐκ ἔκτισται κατά τόν μέγαν Βασίλειον. Ἄκτιστος ἡ χάρις ἄρα, καί τοῦτ᾿ ἐστιν ὅ καί δίδοται καί πέμπεται καί χαρίζεται παρά τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῖς μαθηταῖς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ αὐτό τό Πνεῦμα, καί τοῦτ᾿ ἔστι τό δῶρον τό θεοποιόν, ἐνέργεια ὄν οὐκ ἄκτιστος μόνον ἀλλά καί ἀχώριστος τοῦ παναγίου Πνεύματος. Ἄκουσον δή πάλιν τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου˙ «ἥν» γάρ, φησί, «προΐεται ζωήν εἰς ἄλλου ὑπόστασιν τό Πνεῦμα, οὐ χωρίζεται αὐτοῦ»˙ καί ἵνα μή τινι δόξῃ τήν καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς φυσικήν τοῦτον λέγειν ζωήν, καίτοι προέσθαι φάμενον, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί κτίσαι, μᾶλλον δέ προΐεσθαι, ὅ μετά τοῦ ἀκτίστου καί τοῦ ἀνάρχου πως ἐμφαντικώτερόν ἐστιν, ὅμως ἵνα μή δόξῃ φυσικόν τι λέγειν,