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we have already said. Now we must return to what follows from the proposed demonstration.

If, therefore, that light, which shone on the mountain from the Savior, is a natural symbol, it is not natural to both of his natures; for the natural properties of each of these are different. At any rate, it is impossible for it to be of the human nature; for our nature is not light, and especially such as that was. And indeed the Lord did not then ascend Tabor, bringing his chosen (p. 602) disciples with him, to show that he was a man (for for three years he had been seen living with them, and associating with them, and, as the scripture says, eating salt with them), but to show, as is sung, that he is the effulgence of the Father. And besides these things, neither would you yourself, nor anyone who might appear bolder than you, say that this is a symbol of his humanity, but of his divinity. If, therefore, it is a natural symbol, but it is not of the human nature, then that light is a natural symbol of the only-begotten divinity, just as the divine John of Damascus has clearly taught us. For, he says, "the Son, begotten of the Father without beginning, possesses the unoriginate natural ray of the divinity; and the glory of the divinity also becomes the glory of the body." Therefore, it did not come into being, nor did it begin, nor did it end; for natural symbols are always with the nature of which they are symbols, not always being symbols, but always being with it, since also the great Maximus in divine matters says that all things essentially contemplated concerning God are without beginning and without end. And since, according to him, there are many things essentially contemplated concerning God and they in no way violate the principle of simplicity, much more so that light-like symbol, being one of them, will cause no harm.

That this light is also one of the things essentially contemplated concerning God, we are taught from many other things, but especially from those things sung annually in the Church, of which one will suffice for a demonstration.

"the hidden lightning under the flesh of your essential, O Christ, and divine comeliness

you showed on the holy mountain, O benefactor, shining forth to the disciples who were present."

But indeed also Maximus, wise in things divine, having said there that he became a symbol of himself through loving-kindness, showed this light to be a natural (p. 604) symbol. For in the case of the non-natural, one thing is a symbol of another, but not a thing of itself; but when the symbol happens to be naturally from that of which it is a symbol, we say that it becomes a symbol of itself. For the caustic power of fire, putting forth the heat that can be participated in by the senses as a symbol of itself, becomes a symbol indeed of itself, having this heat always with itself, but being nevertheless one and undergoing no duplicity whatsoever on account of it, but using it naturally as a symbol, whenever that which is receptive is present. Likewise also the light of the sun about to rise, putting forth the far-shining brightness of dawn as a symbol, becomes a symbol of itself. And we know the light of the sun; for that too is perceptible by sight, by which we are also accustomed to perceive the twilight; but the disk of the sun does not allow anyone to look at it at all, and its brightness has become almost invisible. And touch, perceiving the heat of the fire, has no knowledge at all of this caustic power, of which we said the heat is a symbol, except to know that it exists, but not what it is like, nor how great it is; for it would sooner become entirely fire and lose its being touch, while trying to learn by itself what the caustic thing is that puts forth the heat, which is why, having once dared to approach, it immediately turns back and flees headlong, quickly regretting its impulse to learn. Therefore, the power of fire that can be participated in by touch is the heat, but the burning is in every way unparticipable.

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ἔχον, ἔφθημεν εἰπόντες. Νῦν δ᾿ ἐπανελθεῖν δέον εἰς τά ἑξῆς τῆς προκειμένης ἀποδείξεως.

Εἰ τοίνυν φυσικόν σύμβολόν ἐστι τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο, τό λάμψαν ἐπ᾿ ὄρους ἀπό τοῦ σωτῆρος, οὐκ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν αὐτῷ φύσεών ἐστι φυσικόν˙ διάφορα γάρ ἑκατέρας τούτων ἐστί τά φυσικά. Τῆς γοῦν ἀνθρωπίνης εἶναι φύσεως ἀδύνατον˙ οὐ γάρ φῶς ἡμῖν ἡ φύσις καί ταῦθ᾿ οἷον ἦν ἐκεῖνο˙ καί μήν οὐδ᾿ ἀνέβη τότε τό Θαβώριον τούς ἐκκρίτους ἐπαγόμενος (σελ. 602) ὁ Κύριος τῶν μαθητῶν, ἵνα δείξῃ ἄνθρωπος ὑπάρχων (τριετίαν γάρ ἤδη ἑωρᾶτο συνδιαιτώμενος καί συμπολιτευόμενος καί, κατά τό λόγιον εἰπεῖν, συναλιζόμενος αὐτοῖς), ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα δείξῃ, κατά τό ᾀδόμενον, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστι τό τοῦ Πατρός ἀπαύγασμα. Πρός δέ τούτοις οὐδέ σύ ἄν αὐτός, οὐδ᾿ εἴ τις τολμηρότερον ἀναφανείη σοῦ, σύμβολον τοῦτ᾿ ἄν τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος φαίη, ἀλλά τῆς θεότητος. Εἰ τοίνυν φυσικόν σύμβολόν ἐστι τῆς δέ φύσεως τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης οὐκ ἔστι, φυσικόν ἄρα σύμβολον τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο τῆς μονογενοῦς θεότητος ὑπάρχει, καθά καί ὁ ἐκ ∆αμασκοῦ θεῖος Ἰωάννης ἀριδήλως ἐδίδαξεν ἡμᾶς˙ «ἀνάρχως» γάρ, φησίν, «ὁ Υἱός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός γεννηθείς, τήν φυσικήν ἀκτῖνα ἄναρχον κέκτηται τῆς θεότητος˙ ἡ δέ τῆς θεότητος δόξα, καί δόξα τοῦ σώματος γίνεται». Τοιγαροῦν οὐ γέγονεν, οὐ᾿ ἤρξατο, οὐδ᾿ἔληξε˙ τά γάρ φυσικά σύμβολα σύνεστιν ἀεί τῇ φύσει ἧς σύμβολά ἐστι, οὐκ ἀεί μέν ὄντα σύμβολα, συνόντα δέ ἀεί, ἐπεί καί ὁ πολύς τά θεῖα Μάξιμος ἄναρχα καί ἀτελεύτητά φησι πάντα τά περί Θεόν οὐσιωδῶς θεωρούμενα. Πολλῶν δ᾿ ὄντων κατ᾿ αὐτόν τῶν περί Θεόν οὐσιωδῶς θεωρουμένων καί τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἁπλότητος ἥκιστα λυμαινομένων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τό φωτοειδές ἐκεῖνο σύμβολον, ἕν αὐτῶν ὑπάρχον, οὐδέν ἐποίσει βλάβος.

Ὅτι δέ τῶν περί Θεόν οὐσιωδῶς θεωρουμένων καί τοῦτό ἐστι τό φῶς, ἐκ πολλῶν μέν καί ἄλλων, μάλιστα δέ ἐκ τῶν ἐπ᾿ Ἐκκλησίας ἐπετείως ψαλλομένων διδασκόμεθα, ὧν ἕν εἰς παράστασιν ἀρκέσει.

«τήν κεκρυμμένην ἀστραπήν ὑπό τήν σάρκα τῆς οὐσιώδους σου, Χριστέ, καί θείας εὐπρεπείας

ἐν ἁγίῳ ὑπέδειξας ὄρει, εὐεργέτα, τοῖς συμπαροῦσιν ἐκλάμψας μαθηταῖς».

Οὐ μήν ἀλλά καί ὁ σοφός τά θεῖα Μάξιμος, αὐτόν ἑαυτόῦ σύμβολον γενέσθαι διά φιλανθρωπίαν εἰρηκώς ἐκεῖ, φυσικόν (σελ. 604) ἔδειξε σύμβολον τουτί τό φῶς. Ἐπί μέν γάρ τοῦ μή φυσικοῦ, ἄλλου ἄλλο σύμβολόν ἐστιν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ αὐτό τι ἑαυτοῦ˙ ὅτε δέ τό σύμβολον ἐξ ἐκείνου ὄν τυγχάνει φυσικῶς οὗ σύμβολόν ἐστιν, αὐτό ἑαυτοῦ σύμβολον γίνεσθαί φαμεν. Ἡ γάρ καυστική τοῦ πυρός δύναμις, τήν αἰσθήσει μεθεκτήν θέρμην σύμβολον ἑαυτῆς προβαλλομένη, γίνεται σύμβολον αὐτή δήπου ἑαυτῆς, ἔχουσα μέν ταύτην ἀεί μεθ᾿ ἑαυτῆς, μία δ᾿ ὅμως οὖσα καί διπλόην οὐδ᾿ ἡντιναοῦν ὑφισταμένη δι᾿ αὐτήν, χρωμένη δ᾿ ὡς συμβόλῳ ταύτῃ φυσικῶς, ἡνίκ᾿ ἄν παρῇ τό δεκτικόν. Ὡσαύτως καί τό τοῦ ἡλίου φῶς μέλλοντος ἀνίσχειν, σύμβολον προβαλλόμενον τό κατά τόν ὄρθρον τηλαυγές, αὐτό ἑαυτοῦ σύμβολόν ἐστι γινόμενον. Ἴσμεν δέ καί τό ἡλίου φῶς˙ κἀκεῖνο γάρ ληπτόν ἐστι τῇ ὄψει, δι᾿ ἧς καί τοῦ λυκαυγοῦς ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι πεφύκαμεν˙ ὁ δέ τοῦ ἡλίου δίσκος οὐδέ προσιδεῖν ὅλως συγχωρεῖ τινα καί τό λαμπρόν αὐτῷ σχεδόν ἀθέατον καθέστηκε. Τῆς τε θέρμης τοῦ πυρός ἀντιλαμβανομένη ἡ ἁφή, τῆς καυστικῆς δυνάμεως, ἧς σύμβολον εἶναι τήν θέρμην ἔφημεν, ταύτης οὖν εἴδησιν οὐδ᾿ ἡντινοῦν ἔχει ἡ ἁφή, πλήν ὅσον εἰδέναι ταύτην οὖσαν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ οἷα, οὐδ᾿ ὅση τίς ἐστι˙ φθάσειε γάρ ἄν, πῦρ ὅλη γενομένη καί τό ἁφήν εἶναι ἀποβαλλομένη, πειρωμένη μαθεῖν δι᾿ἑαυτῆς τί τό καυστικόν ἐστιν ὅ προβάλλεται τήν θέρμην, διό καί προσβολεῖν ποτε τολμήσασα, πάραυτα παλινδρομεῖ καί προτροπάδην φεύγει, τῆς πρός τό μαθεῖν ὁρμῆς ὀξύ μετάμελον λαβοῦσα. Μεθεκτή μέν οὖν ἁφῇ πυρός δύναμις, ἡ θέρμη, πάντῃ δ᾿ ἀμέθεκτος ἡ καῦσις.