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casting him out, not only did they not say he was greater than the patriarch, but they also called him possessed by a demon. But the woman did not so, but she forms her judgment from the source that Christ wishes, from the proof of his works. For he himself also argues his case from this, saying thus: If I do not do the works of my Father, do not believe me; but if I do, even if you do not believe me, believe the works. Thus also the woman is brought to faith. For this reason he also, having heard, "Are you greater than our father Jacob?" leaving Jacob aside, discusses the water, saying: Everyone who drinks of this water will thirst again; and he makes the comparison not by way of disparagement, but from superiority. For he does not say that this water is nothing, nor that it is cheap and contemptible; but he states what nature itself also testifies: Everyone who drinks of this water will thirst again; but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never thirst. The woman had heard "living water" before this, but did not understand. For since running water that perpetually and continually bubbles up is also called living water, when the springs are not interrupted, the woman thought this is what was being said. For this reason, then, making what he was saying clearer to her, and making the superiority plain from comparison, he added, saying: Whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never thirst; by this, as I said, showing its superiority, and by what was said next; for the physical water has none of these things. And what are the things that follow? It will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life. For just as one who has a spring stored up within would never be caught by thirst, so neither would the one who has this water. And the woman immediately believed, showing herself much more understanding than Nicodemus; and not only more understanding, but also more courageous. For he, though hearing countless such things, neither called anyone else to this, nor did he himself speak boldly; but she displays apostolic actions, evangelizing everyone and calling them to Jesus, and drawing a whole city out to him. And he, when he heard, said, "How can these things be?" and when Christ set forth the clear example of the wind, not even so did he accept the word; but the woman not so; at first she was perplexed, but later she received the word not after a structured argument, but in the form of a declaration, and immediately is eager to receive it. For when Christ said, "It will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life," the woman immediately says, "Give me this water, that I may not thirst, nor come here to draw." βʹ. Do you see how little by little she is led up to the height of the doctrines? First she thought him to be some law-breaking Jew; then when he repelled this accusation (for it was necessary that the person who was to instruct her in such things should not be under suspicion), having heard "living water," she thought this was said about physical water. But later, learning that what was being said was spiritual, she believed that the water could take away the need for thirst, but she did not yet know what this 59.185 was, but was still perplexed, thinking it to be higher than physical things, but not knowing the clear meaning. But here, though seeing more accurately, she did not yet see the whole thing (for "Give me," she says, "this water, that I may not thirst, nor come here to draw"), at this point she preferred him to Jacob. For I will not need this spring, if I receive that water from you. Do you see how she puts him before the patriarch? This is the mark of a well-disposed soul. She showed how great an opinion she had of Jacob; she saw the better one, and was not held back by her preconception. Therefore, the woman was neither credulous (for she did not simply accept what was said; for how could she who inquired with such exactness?), nor disobedient and contentious. And this she showed from her request. And yet he once said also to the Jews, "Whoever eats of my flesh will not hunger; and he who believes in me will never thirst at all." But not only did they not believe, but they were also scandalized. But the woman suffered nothing of the sort, but both remains and asks. To the Jews therefore he said, "He who believes in me,"

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ἐκβάλλοντα αὐτὸν, οὐ μόνον τοῦ πατριάρχου οὐκ ἔλεγον μείζονα, ἀλλὰ καὶ δαιμονῶντα ἐκάλουν. Ἡ δὲ γυνὴ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἐντεῦθεν φέρει τὴν ψῆφον, ὅθεν ὁ Χριστὸς βούλεται, ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἔργων ἀποδείξεως. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐντεῦθεν δικάζεται, οὕτω λέγων· Εἰ μὴ ποιῶ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Πατρός μου, μὴ πιστεύσατέ μοι· εἰ δὲ ποιῶ, κἂν ἐμοὶ μὴ πιστεύητε, τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύσατε. Οὕτω καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῇ πίστει προσάγεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς ἀκούσας, Μὴ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ; τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἀφεὶς, περὶ τοῦ ὕδατος διαλέγεται λέγων· Πᾶς ὁ πίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος τούτου, διψήσει πάλιν· καὶ τὴν σύγκρισιν οὐκ ἀπὸ κατηγορίας, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὑπεροχῆς ποιεῖται. Οὐ γὰρ λέγει, ὅτι τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦτο οὐδέν ἐστιν, οὐδ' ὅτι εὐτελὲς καὶ εὐκαταφρόνητον· ἀλλ' ὅπερ καὶ ἡ φύσις μαρτυρεῖ, τοῦτο τίθησι· Πᾶς ὁ πίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος τούτου, διψήσει πάλιν· ὃς δ' ἂν πίῃ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος, οὗ ἐγὼ δώσω αὐτῷ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Ἤκουσεν ὕδωρ ζῶν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸ τούτου, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐνόησεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ καὶ ὕδωρ ζῶν τὸ ἀένναον καὶ διαπαντὸς ἀναβλύζον λέγεται, τῶν κρουνῶν οὐ διακοπτομένων, τοῦτο ἐνόμισεν ἡ γυνὴ λέγεσθαι. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο σαφέστερον αὐτῇ λοιπὸν ὃ ἔλεγε καθιστὰς, καὶ ἀπὸ συγκρίσεως τὴν ὑπεροχὴν ποιούμενος, ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Ὃς δ' ἂν πίῃ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος, οὗ ἐγὼ δώσω αὐτῷ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· διὰ τούτου, ὥσπερ ἔφην, δεικνὺς τὴν ὑπεροχὴν, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς εἰρημένων· τούτων γὰρ οὐδὲν ἔχει τὸ αἰσθητὸν ὕδωρ. Τίνα δέ ἐστι τὰ ἑξῆς; Γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ πηγὴν ἔνδον ἔχων ἀποκειμένην, οὐκ ἂν ἁλοίη δίψῃ ποτέ· οὕτως οὐδὲ ὁ τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦτο ἔχων. Καὶ ἐπίστευσεν εὐθέως ἡ γυνὴ, πολὺ τοῦ Νικοδήμου συνετωτέρα φανεῖσα· οὐ συνετωτέρα δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνδρειοτέρα. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ μυρίων τοιούτων ἀκούων, οὔτε ἄλλον τινὰ ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἐκάλεσεν, οὔτε αὐτὸς ἐπαῤῥησιάσατο· αὕτη δὲ ἀποστολικὰ ἐπιδείκνυται πράγματα, πάντας εὐαγγελιζομένη καὶ καλοῦσα πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ πόλιν ὁλόκληρον ἕλκουσα ἔξω πρὸς αὐτόν. Κἀκεῖνος μὲν ἀκούσας, ἔλεγε· Πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι; καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ θέντος παράδειγμα σαφὲς τὸ τοῦ ἀνέμου, οὐδὲ οὕτω τὸν λόγον κατεδέξατο· ἡ γυνὴ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἠπόρει, ὕστερον δὲ οὐ μετὰ κατασκευῆς δεξαμένη τὸν λόγον, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀποφάσεως τάξει, ἐπὶ τὴν λῆψιν εὐθέως ἐπείγεται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν ὁ Χριστός· Γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον· εὐθέως φησὶν ἡ γυνή· ∆ός μοι τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ, ἵνα μὴ διψῶ, μηδὲ ἔρχωμαι ἐνθάδε ἀντλεῖν. βʹ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς κατὰ μικρὸν πρὸς τὸ τῶν δογμάτων ὕψος ἀνάγεται; Πρῶτον ἐνόμισεν αὐτὸν παράνομον εἶναί τινα Ἰουδαῖον· εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ταύτην ἀπεκρούσατο τὴν κατηγορίαν (ἔδει γὰρ μὴ εἶναι τὸ πρόσωπον ὕποπτον τὸ μέλλον τοιαῦτα αὐτὴν κατηχεῖν), ἀκούσασα ὕδωρ ζῶν, ἐνόμισε περὶ αἰσθητοῦ τοῦτο λέγεσθαι. Ὕστερον δὲ μαθοῦσα ὅτι πνευματικὰ ἦν τὰ λεγόμενα, ἐπίστευσεν μὲν ὅτι δύναται τὸ ὕδωρ ἀναιρεῖν τοῦ δίψους τὴν χρείαν, οὔπω δὲ τί ποτε τοῦτό 59.185 ἐστιν ᾔδει, ἀλλ' ἔτι διηπόρει, ἀνωτέρω μὲν τῶν αἰσθητῶν εἶναι νομίζουσα, τὸ δὲ σαφὲς οὐκ ἐπισταμένη. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἀκριβέστερον μὲν διαβλέψασα, οὐ μὴν τὸ πᾶν κατιδοῦσα (∆ὸς γάρ μοι, φησὶ, τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ, ἵνα μὴ διψῶ, μηδὲ ἔρχωμαι ἐνθάδε ἀντλεῖν), τέως προετίμησεν αὐτὸν τοῦ Ἰακώβ. Οὐ δέομαι γὰρ ταύτης τῆς πηγῆς, ἐὰν λάβω παρὰ σοῦ τὸ ὕδωρ ἐκεῖνο. Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐτὸν προτίθησι τοῦ πατριάρχου; Τοῦτο ψυχῆς εὐγνώμονος. Ἔδειξεν ἡλίκην εἶχε περὶ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ δόξαν· εἶδε τὸν βελτίονα, καὶ οὐ κατεσχέθη τῇ προλήψει. Οὔτε οὖν εὔκολος ἡ γυνὴ (οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς κατεδέξατο τὰ λεγόμενα· πῶς γὰρ ἡ μετὰ τοσαύτης ἀκριβείας ἐκζητήσασα;), οὔτε ἀπειθὴς καὶ φιλόνεικος. Καὶ τοῦτο ἔδειξεν ἀπὸ τῆς αἰτήσεως. Καίτοι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις εἶπέ ποτε· Ὃς ἂν φάγῃ ἐκ τῆς σαρκός μου, οὐ μὴ πεινάσει· καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει πώποτε. Ἀλλ' οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν. Ἡ γυνὴ δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἔπαθεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παραμένει καὶ αἰτεῖ. Ἰουδαίοις μὲν οὖν ἔλεγεν, Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ,