Georgius Syncellus, Chronographical Selection

KINGS OF THE MACEDONIANS The 6th king of the Macedonians, Philip, reigned for 35 years. It was the year of the world 4886. 286 The 7th king of the Macedonians, Aeropas, reigned for 23 years. It was the year of the world 4021. The 8th king of the Macedonians, Alcetas, reigned for 28 years. It was the year of the world 4044. VARIOUS When Egypt was shaken by an unusual earthquake, the Chaldeans, being afraid, broke off their siege of it. The city of Camarina was founded. Perinthus was founded. The monarchy of the Corinthians was abolished during these times. A goat was given to those competing among the Greeks, from which they were also called tragic. Thales of Miletus foretold a total eclipse of the sun. The Isthmian and Pythian games were first held after Melicertes. The 7 wise men were named. Astyages was warring against the Lydians. Anaximander of Miletus, a natural philosopher, was well-known. Abaris came from Scythia to Greece. During these times, it is said that the 7 philosophers among the Greeks flourished, whose names are Solon of Athens, Thales of Miletus, Pittacus of Lesbos, Chilon of Lacedaemon, Bias of Priene, Anacharsis the Scythian who was illiterate, Cleobulus of Lindos. 12th. The Phocaeans ruled the sea for 44 years. The Nemean games were first held by the Argives after the one for Archemorus. Aesop the fable-writer was well-known, who was killed by the Delphians. The Panathenaic athletic contest was held. Eugammon of Cyrene, who composed the Telegony, was well-known. 287 Pythagoras of Samos, having been rejected from the boys' boxing match at the Olympics as being too soft, entered the men's and won. in the 54th Olympiad, Arrhichion of Phigalia, winning the pancratium for the third time, died, having succumbed, and was crowned a corpse, as his opponent, whose foot was being twisted by him, had already submitted. Peisistratus became tyrant of the Athenians and went to Italy. Anaximenes the naturalist was well-known. Stesichorus died. Simonides flourished. Chilon, one of the 7 philosophers, became an ephor of the Lacedaemonians.

KINGS OF THE LYDIANS 1st Ardys son of Alyattes, 36 years. 2nd Alyattes, 14 years. 3rd Meles

12 years. 4th Candaules, 17 years. 5th Gyges, 36 years. 6th Ardys, 38 years. 7th Sadyattes, 15 years. 8th Alyattes, 49 years. 9th Croesus, 15 years. Croesus, having marched against Cyrus, was captured along with the Lydian kingdom, which had lasted 232 years. This man, being the 9th king of the Lydians, reigned for 15 years until the 14th year of Cyrus. The Lydian kingdom, which began in the year of the world 4735, was overthrown in the year 4066, that is, in the 14th year of Cyrus the Persian, having lasted 232 years under 9 kings.

288 YEARS OF THE WORLD Of the high priests from the time of Cyrus Of whom the first, Jesus son of Josedek, 60 years. It was the year of the world 4052. In Babylon, Daniel and Ezekiel prophesied, but in Judea Habakkuk, and at the recall of the captivity Haggai and Zechariah were prophesying. Zerubbabel son of Salathiel, son of Jeconiah the king, and Jesus the son of Josedek were leaders. Jesus the son of Josedek was high priest; and the last of the prophets to prophesy were Haggai, Zechariah the son of Iddo, and Malachi. The leader of the Hebrews was Zerubbabel son of Salathiel. While Zechariah and Haggai and Malachi were prophesying, and Zerubbabel and Jesus were leading the people and the building, the work of the temple was completed in the 6th year of the reign of Darius Hystaspes. It was the year of the world 5. All have reckoned Jesus son of Josedek the high priest for 31 years, having been high priest from the 31st year of Cyrus. But the writing of Ezra acknowledges him as high priest from the 1st year of Cyrus, in which he led the exiles to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel. Therefore, he has been well reckoned by us as having been high priest for 60 years. For from the 1st year of Cyrus until the 20th year of Darius, 60 years are counted. Joachim son of Jesus was high priest for 36 years. KINGS OF THE PERSIANS The 2nd king of the Persians, Cambyses son of Cyrus, reigned for 8 years. It was the year of the world 4083. 289 Cambyses, marching against the two brothers, the Magi, was wounded while on horseback and died. Cambyses

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ΜΑΚΕ∆ΟΝΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ Μακεδόνων ςʹ ἐβασίλευσε Φίλιππος ἔτη λεʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος δωπςʹ. 286 Μακεδόνων ζʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀερόπας ἔτη κγʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος δκαʹ. Μακεδόνων ηʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀλκέτας ἔτη κηʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος δμδʹ. ΣΠΟΡΑ∆ΗΝ Τῆς Αἰγύπτου σειομένης παρ' ἔθος οἱ Χαλδαῖοι δεδιότες ἀνέζευξαν πολιορκοῦντες αὐτήν. Καμαρίνα πόλις ἐκτίσθη. Πέρινθος ἐκτίσθη. Ἡ τῶν Κορινθίων κατελύθη μοναρχία κατὰ τούτους τοὺς χρόνους. Τοῖς ἀγωνιζομένοις παρ' Ἕλλησι τράγος ἐδίδοτο, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ τραγικοὶ ἐκλήθησαν. Θαλῆς Μιλήσιος ἔκλειψιν ἡλίου σύμπασαν προεῖπεν. Ἴσθμια καὶ Πύθια πρώτως ἤχθη μετὰ Μελικέρτην. Οἱ ζʹ σοφοὶ ὠνομάσθησαν. Ἀστυάγης Λυδοὺς κατεπολέμει. Ἀναξίμανδρος Μιλήσιος φυσικὸς φιλόσοφος ἐγνωρίζετο. Ἄβαρις ἦλθεν ἐκ τῆς Σκυθίας εἰς Ἑλλάδα. Κατὰ τούτους τοὺς χρόνους τοὺς παρ' Ἕλλησιν ζʹ φιλοσόφους ἀκμάσαι λόγος, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα Σόλων Ἀθηναῖος, Θαλῆς Μιλήσιος, Πιττακὸς Λέσβιος, Χείλων Λακεδαιμόνιος, Βίας Πριηνεύς, Ἀνάχαρσις ὁ Σκύθης ἀγράμματος, Κλεόβουλος Λίνδιος. Ιβʹ Φωκαεῖς ἐθαλασσοκράτησαν ἔτη μδʹ. Νέμεα πρῶτον ἤχθη ἀγὼν ὑπ' Ἀργείων μετὰ τὸν ἐπ' Ἀρχεμόρῳ. Αἴσωπος μυθοποιὸς ἐγνωρίζετο, ὃς ὑπὸ ∆ελφῶν ἀπώλετο. Ὁ τῶν Παναθηναίων γυμνικὸς ἀγὼν ἤχθη. Εὐγάμων Κυρηναῖος ὁ τὴν Τηλεγονίαν ποιήσας ἐγνωρίζετο. 287 Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐκκριθεὶς παίδων πυγμὴν ὡς ἁπαλὸς προσβὰς τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐνίκα. κατὰ τὴν νδʹ ὀλυμπιάδα Ἀρριχίων Φιγαλεὺς τὸ τρίτον νικῶν παγκράτιον ψιλισθεὶς ἀπέθανε, νεκρός τε ἐστέφθη, φθάσαντος ἀπείπασθαι τοῦ ἀνταγωνιστοῦ κλωμένου τοῦ ποδὸς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. Πεισίστρατος Ἀθηναίων ἐτυράννησε καὶ εἰς Ἰταλίαν παρῆλθεν. Ἀναξιμενίδης φυσικὸς ἐγνωρίζετο. Στησίχορος τέθνηκε. Σιμωνίδης ἤκμαζε. Χείλων εἷς τῶν ζʹ φιλοσόφων Λακεδαιμονίων ἔφορος γέγονε.

ΛΥ∆ΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ αʹ Ἄρδυσος Ἀλυάτου ἔτη λςʹ. βʹ Ἀλυάτης ἔτη ιδʹ. γʹ Μίλης

ἔτη ιβʹ. δʹ Κανδαύλης ἔτη ιζʹ. εʹ Γύγης ἔτη λςʹ. ςʹ Ἄρδυσος ἔτη ληʹ. ζʹ Σαδυάτης ἔτη ιεʹ. ηʹ Ἀλυάτης ἔτη μθʹ. θʹ Κροῖσος ἔτη ιεʹ. Κροῖσος κατὰ Κύρου στρατεύσας ἥλω σὺν τῇ Λυδῶν βασιλείᾳ διαρκε σάσῃ ἔτη σλβʹ. οὗτος θʹ βασιλεὺς Λυδῶν γεγονὼς ἔτη ιεʹ ἐβασίλευσεν ἕως τοῦ ιδʹ ἔτους Κύρου. Ἡ Λυδῶν βασιλεία ἀρξαμένη τῷ δψλεʹ ἔτει τοῦ κόσμου κατελύθη τῷ δξςʹ, ἤτοι Κύρου τοῦ Περσῶν ἔτει ιδʹ, διαρκέσασα ἔτεσι σλβʹ ἐν βασιλεῦσι θʹ.

288 ΚΟΣΜΟΥ ΕΤΗ Ἀρχιερέων τῶν ἀπὸ Κύρου Ὧν πρῶτος Ἰησοῦς υἱὸς Ἰωσεδὲκ ἔτη ξʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος δνβʹ. Ἐν Βαβυλῶνι προεφήτευσε ∆ανιὴλ καὶ Ἰεζεκιήλ, ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ Ἀμβακούμ, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀνακλήσει τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας Ἀγγαῖος καὶ Ζαχαρίας προεφήτευον. Ζοροβάβελ υἱὸς Σαλαθιὴλ υἱοῦ Ἰεχονίου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ἰωσεδὲκ ἡγοῦντο. Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ἰωσεδὲκ ἱεράτευε· προεφήτευον δὲὕστατοι προφητῶν Ἀγγαῖος, Ζαχαρίας ὁ τοῦ Ἀδδώ, καὶ Μαλαχίας. ἡγεῖτο τῶν Ἑβραίων Ζοροβάβελ υἱὸς Σαλαθιήλ. Ζαχαρίου καὶ Ἀγγαίου καὶ Μαλαχίου προφητευόντων καὶ Ζοροβάβελ καὶ Ἰησοῦ ἐξαρχόντων τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς ἐπληρώθη τῷ ςʹ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας ∆αρείου τοῦ Ὑστάσπου τὸ ἔργον τοῦ ναοῦ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ε. Ἰησοῦν υἱὸν Ἰωσεδὲκ τὸν ἀρχιερέα λʹ καὶ αʹ ἔτος ἐστοιχείωσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ λαʹ ἔτους Κύρου ἀρχιερατεύσαντα ἅπαντες. ἡ δὲ γραφὴ τοῦ Ἔσδρα ἀπὸ τοῦ αʹ ἔτους Κύρου, ἐν ᾧ μετὰ τοῦ Ζοροβάβελ ἡγήσατο τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας εἰς τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἀρχιερέα αὐτὸν ὁμολογεῖ. καλῶς ἄρα ἡμῖν ἐστοιχείω ται ξʹ ἔτη ἱερατεύσας. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ αʹ ἔτους Κύρου ἕως τοῦ κʹ ἔτους ∆αρείου ἔτη ξʹ συνάγεται. Ἰωακεὶμ υἱὸς Ἰησοῦ ἱεράτευσεν ἔτη λςʹ. ΠΕΡΣΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ Περσῶν βʹ ἐβασίλευσε Καμβύσης υἱὸς Κύρου ἔτη ηʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος δπγʹ. 289 Καμβύσης ἐπιστρατεύων κατὰ τῶν βʹ ἀδελφῶν Μάγων ἔφιππος τρωθεὶς τελευτᾷ. Καμβύσης