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having explained; and having scraped away the conjunction, and in its place having written the pronoun, thus you read the saying to us, supposedly clarifying it, "if you will understand as divinity and goodness the matter of the deifying gift, itself the inimitable imitation of the super-divine."

In addition to these things, you also call the grace of deification a natural state, that is, an entelechy and manifestation of a natural power, from which you have truly fallen, as you do not know, into the deceit of the Messalians; for by all necessity the one being deified will be God by nature, if deification will be according to a natural power and is naturally contained within the limits of nature. Do not, therefore, call your own turning about [that] of those who stand securely, nor attempt to attach blame to those whose faith is blameless, wiping off your own truly shameful things onto others, or rather, shamelessly bearing false witness against them as being such. But you yourself also, learn from those who know or from those who have been taught by them, that the grace of deification is altogether unrelated, not having in nature any kind of power receptive of itself; since it is no longer grace, but the manifestation of the energy that is according to natural power, and what has come to be will not even be paradoxical, if deification were according to a receptive power of nature; for deification would then reasonably be a work of nature, but not a gift of God, and such a one will be able to be God by nature and be properly so called; for the power of each of the beings according to nature is established as nothing other than an inviolable movement of nature towards energy. And how (p. 616) deification transports the one being deified out of himself, if it is contained within the limits of nature, I cannot comprehend.

The grace of deification, therefore, is beyond nature and virtue and knowledge, and all such things, according to Saint Maximos, fall infinitely short of it; for every virtue and our imitation of God makes the one who possesses it fit for the divine union, but grace itself effects the ineffable union; for through it God as a whole interpenetrates the worthy as wholes, and the saints as wholes wholly interpenetrate God as a whole, having received God as a whole in exchange for themselves and for their ascent to him having acquired as a prize God himself alone, "who embraces them in the manner of a soul to a body, as its own members," and who has deemed them worthy to be in him through the enhypostatic adoption by the gift and grace of the Holy Spirit. Therefore, when you hear that God dwells in us through the virtues or that we have him established in ourselves through remembrance, do not think that deification is simply this, the acquisition of the virtues, but the splendor and grace of God which is added through the virtues, just as Basil the Great also says, that a soul, having increased its natural impulses by its own ascetic practice and by the help of the Spirit, becomes worthy in the just judgment of God of the splendor given to the saints by the grace of God. And that the splendor given by the grace of God is light, you will learn from the one who says, "the splendor from there is light to those who have been purified here, when the righteous will shine forth like the sun, in whose midst God stands, they being gods and kings, distinguishing and dividing the dignities of the blessedness from there." And that this is super-celestial and supra-cosmic, no one will deny; therefore, whoever, he says, "awaits the super-celestial light in the promises of good things, concerning which Solomon also says, (p. 618) 'light for the righteous always'"; and the Apostle, "giving thanks to God who has made us worthy to share in the inheritance of the saints in light."

Moreover, when we say that wisdom comes to someone through diligence and study, we do not say that diligence or study is itself wisdom, but that which is added through them. And besides, the Lord dwells in men in different ways, according to the worthiness and manner of those who seek him; for in one way to the practical man, and in another to the contemplative, and in yet another to the visionary, and in one way as to men

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ἐξηγησάμενος˙ καί ἀποξέσας μέν τόν σύνδεσμον, ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ δέ προσγράψας τήν ἀντωνυμίαν, οὕτω τό ρητόν ἡμῖν δῆθεν διευκρινῶν ἀνέγνως, «εἰ θεότητα καί ἀγαθότητα νοήσεις τό χρῆμα τοῦ θεοποιοῦ δώρου, αὐτό τό ἀμίμητον μίμημα τοῦ ὑπερθέου».

Πρός δέ τούτοις καί φυσικήν ἕξιν λέγεις τήν χάριν τῆς θεώσεως, τουτέστι δυνάμεως φυσικῆς ἐντελέχειάν τε καί φανέρωσιν, ἀφ᾿ οὗ τῇ τῶν Μασσαλιανῶν ὄντως, ὡς οὐκ οἶσθα, περιπέπτωκας ἀπάτῃ˙ φύσει γάρ ἔσται κατά πᾶσαν ἀνάγκην Θεός θεούμενος, εἰ κατά φυσικήν δύναμιν ἡ θέωσις ἔσται καί τοῖς ὅροις τῆς φύσεως ἐμπεριλαμβάνεσθαι πέφυκε. Μή τοίνυν τήν σαυτοῦ περιτροπήν τῶν ἀσφαλῶς ἑστώτων λέγε, μηδέ μῶμον τοῖς ἀμωμήτοις τήν πίστιν ἐπιχείρει προστρίψασθαι, τά πρός ἀλήθειαν αἴσχη σά τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀποματτόμενος, μᾶλλον δ᾿ ἀναιδῶς ἐκείνων ὡς τοιούτων καταψευδόμενος. Ἀλλά καί αὐτός διδάσκου παρά τῶν εἰδότων ἤ παρά τῶν ὑπ᾿ ἐκείνων δεδιδαγμένων, ὡς ἄσχετός ἐστι παντάπασιν ἡ τῆς θεώσεως χάρις, οὐκ ἔχουσα τήν οἱανοῦν δεκτικήν ἑαυτῆς ἐν τῇ φύσει δύναμιν˙ ἐπεί οὐκέτι χάρις ἐστίν, ἀλλά τῆς κατά τήν φυσικήν δύναμιν ἐνεργείας φανέρωσις, καί οὐδέ παράδοξον ἔσται τό γενόμενον, εἰ κατά δεκτικήν δύναμιν φύσεως ἡ θέωσις εἴη˙ φύσεως γάρ ἄν εἰκότως ἔργον, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ Θεοῦ δῶρον ἡ θέωσις εἴη, καί δυνήσεται καί φύσει Θεός ὁ τοιοῦτος εἶναι καί κυρίως προσαγορεύεσθαι˙ οὐδέ γάρ ἄλλο τι καθέστηκεν ἡ κατά φύσιν τῶν ὄντων ἑκάστου δύναμις ἤ φύσεως πρός ἐνέργειαν ἀπαράβατος κίνησις. Πῶς δέ καί (σελ. 616) ἐξίστησιν ἑαυτοῦ τόν θεούμενον ἡ θέωσις, εἰ τοῖς ὅροις τῆς φύσεως αὐτή περιείληπται, συνιδεῖν οὐκ ἔχω.

Ὑπέρ φύσιν τοίνυν καί ἀρετήν καί γνῶσιν ἡ τῆς θεώσεως χάρις καί ἀπείρως τά τοιαῦθ᾿ ἅπαντα κατά τόν ἅγιον Μάξιμον ταύτης ἀποδεῖ˙ ἀρετή μέν γάρ πᾶσα καί ἡ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν τοῦ Θεοῦ μίμησις πρός τήν θείαν ἕνωσιν ἐπιτήδειον ποιεῖται τόν κεκτημένον, ἡ δέ χάρις αὐτήν τελετουργεῖ τήν ἀπόρρητον ἕνωσιν˙ δι᾿ αὐτῆς γάρ ὅλος μέν ὅλοις τοῖς ἀξίοις ὁ Θεός περιχωρεῖ, ὅλῳ δέ ὅλοι περιχωροῦσιν ὁλικῶς οἱ ἅγιοι τῷ Θεῷ, ὅλον ἀντιλαβόντες ἑαυτῶν τόν Θεόν καί τῆς πρός αὐτόν ἀναβάσεως οἷον ἔπαθλον αὐτόν μόνον κτησάμενοι τόν Θεόν, «ψυχῆς πρός σῶμα περιφύντα τρόπον, ὡς οἰκείοις μέλεσι», καί ἐν αὐτῷ εἶναι καταξιώσαντα διά τῆς ἐνυποστάτου κατά δωρεάν καί χάριν τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος υἱοθεσίας. Ὅταν οὖν ἀκούσῃς ἐνδημεῖν ἡμῖν διά τῶν ἀρετῶν τόν Θεόν ἤ διά τῆς μνήμης ἐνιδρυμένον ἔχειν τοῦτον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, μή τοῦθ᾿ ἁπλῶς νόμιζε θέωσιν, τήν τῶν ἀρετῶν κτῆσιν, ἀλλά τήν δι᾿ ἀρετῶν προσγινομένην τοῦ Θεοῦ λαμπρότητα καί χάριν, καθάπερ καί ὁ μέγας φησί Βασίλειος, ὅτι ψυχή τάς φυσικάς ὁρμάς οἰκείᾳ τε ἀσκήσει καί τῇ βοηθείᾳ τοῦ Πνεύματος συναυξήσασα, ἀξία γίνεται ἐν τῇ δικαίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ κρίσει τῆς χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ διδομένης λαμπρότητος τοῖς ἁγίοις. Ὅτι δέ φῶς ἡ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ διδομένη λαμπρότης, μαθήσῃ παρά τοῦ λέγοντος, «φῶς ἡ ἐκεῖθεν λαμπρότης τοῖς ἐνταῦθα κεκαθαρμένοις, ἡνίκ᾿ ἄν ἐκλάμψωσιν οἱ δίκαιοι ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, ὧν ἵσταται ὁ Θεός ἐν μέσῳ, θεῶν ὄντων καί βασιλέων, διαστέλλων καί διαιρῶν τάς ἀξίας τῆς ἐκεῖθεν μακαριότητος». Ὅτι δέ ὑπερουράνιόν ἐστι τοῦτο καί ὑπερκόσμιον, οὐδείς ἀντερεῖ˙ οὔκουν ὅστις, «τό ὑπερουράνιον», φησί, «φῶς ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐπαγγελίαις ἐκδέχεται, περί οὗ καί Σολομών λέγει, (σελ. 618) φῶς δικαίοις διαπαντός»˙ καί ὁ ἀπόστολος, «εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ Θεῷ τῷ ἱκανώσαντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῇ μερίδι τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων ἐν τῷ φωτί».

Οὐ μήν ἀλλά καί διά σπουδῆς καί μελέτης ἐγγίνεσθαί τῳ σοφίαν λέγοντες, οὐκ αὐτό τοῦτο τήν σπουδήν ἤ τήν μελέτην σοφίαν φαμέν, ἀλλά τό δι᾿ αὐτῶν προσγενόμενον. Ἄλλως τε καί διαφόρως ἐνδημῶν ἐστι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ὁ Κύριος, κατά τήν ἀξίαν καί τόν τρόπον τῶν ζητούντων αὐτόν˙ ἑτέρως μέν γάρ τῷ πρακτικῷ, ἑτέρως δέ τῷ θεωρητικῷ καί τῷ ἐποπτικῷ ἄλλως, καί ἄλλως μέν ᾗ ἀνθρώποις