Chapter 6.—The Sacred Writers Unite Eloquence with Wisdom.

9.  Here, perhaps, some one inquires whether the authors whose divinely-inspired writings constitute the canon, which carries with it a most wholesome authority, are to be considered wise only, or eloquent as well.  A question which to me, and to those who think with me, is very easily settled.  For where I understand these writers, it seems to me not only that nothing can be wiser, but also that nothing can be more eloquent.  And I venture to affirm that all who truly understand what these writers say, perceive at the same time that it could not have been properly said in any other way.  For as there is a kind of eloquence that is more becoming in youth, and a kind that is more becoming in old age, and nothing can be called eloquence if it be not suitable to the person of the speaker, so there is a kind of eloquence that is becoming in men who justly claim the highest authority, and who are evidently inspired of God.  With this eloquence they spoke; no other would have been suitable for them; and this itself would be unsuitable in any other, for it is in keeping with their character, while it mounts as far above that of others (not from empty inflation, but from solid merit) as it seems to fall below them.  Where, however, I do not understand these writers, though their eloquence is then less apparent, I have no doubt but that it is of the same kind as that I do understand.  The very obscurity, too, of these divine and wholesome words was a necessary element in eloquence of a kind that was designed to profit our understandings, not only by the discovery of truth, but also by the exercise of their powers.

10.  I could, however, if I had time, show those men who cry up their own form of language as superior to that of our authors (not because of its majesty, but because of its inflation), that all those powers and beauties of eloquence which they make their boast, are to be found in the sacred writings which God in His goodness has provided to mould our characters, and to guide us from this world of wickedness to the blessed world above.  But it is not the qualities which these writers have in common with the heathen orators and poets that give me such unspeakable delight in their eloquence; I am more struck with admiration at the way in which, by an eloquence peculiarly their own, they so use this eloquence of ours that it is not conspicuous either by its presence or its absence:  for it did not become them either to condemn it or to make an ostentatious display of it; and if they had shunned it, they would have done the former; if they had made it prominent, they might have appeared to be doing the latter.  And in those passages where the learned do note its presence, the matters spoken of are such, that the words in which they are put seem not so much to be sought out by the speaker as spontaneously to suggest themselves; as if wisdom were walking out of its house,—that is, the breast of the wise man, and eloquence, like an inseparable attendant, followed it without being called for.232    Cf. Cicero, Orator. 21:  “Sed est eloquentiæ, sicut reliquarum rerum, fundamentum sapientia.”

CAPUT VI. Sapientia juncta cum eloquentia in sacris auctoribus.

9. Hic aliquis forsitan quaerit utrum auctores nostri, quorum scripta divinitus inspirata canonem nobis saluberrima auctoritate fecerunt, sapientes tantummodo, an eloquentes etiam nuncupandi sint. Quae quidem quaestio apud meipsum, et apud eos qui mecum quod dico sentiunt, facillime solvitur. Nam 0093 ubi eos intelligo, non solum nihil eis sapientius, verum etiam nihil eloquentius mihi videri potest. Et audeo dicere, omnes qui recte intelligunt quod illi loquuntur, simul intelligere non eos aliter loqui debuisse. Sicut est enim quaedam eloquentia quae magis aetatem juvenilem decet, est quae senilem; nec jam dicenda est eloquentia, si personae non congruat eloquentis: ita est quaedam, quae viros summa auctoritate dignissimos planeque divinos decet. Hac illi locuti sunt, nec ipsos decet alia, nec alios ipsa: ipsis enim congruit; alios autem, quanto videtur humilior, tanto altius non ventositate, sed soliditate transcendit. Ubi vero non eos intelligo, minus quidem mihi apparet eorum eloquentia, sed eam tamen non dubito esse talem, qualis est ubi intelligo. Ipsa quoque obscuritas divinorum salubriumque dictorum tali eloquentiae miscenda fuerat, in qua proficere noster intellectus, non solum inventione, verum etiam exercitatione deberet.

10. Possem quidem, si vacaret, omnes virtutes et ornamenta eloquentiae, de quibus inflantur isti qui linguam suam nostrorum auctorum linguae, non magnitudine, sed tumore praeponunt, ostendere in istorum Litteris sacris, quos nobis erudiendis, et ab hoc saeculo pravo in beatum saeculum transferendis, providentia divina providit. Sed non ipsa me plus quam dici potest in illa eloquentia delectant, quae sunt his viris cum oratoribus Gentilium poetisve communia: illud magis admiror et stupeo, quod ista nostra eloquentia ita usi sunt per alteram quamdam eloquentiam suam, ut nec deesset eis, nec emineret in eis: quia eam nec improbari ab illis, nec ostentari oportebat; quorum alterum fieret, si vitaretur; alterum putari posset, si facile agnosceretur. Et in quibus forte locis agnoscitur a doctis, tales res dicuntur, ut verba quibus dicuntur, non a dicente adhibita, sed ipsis rebus velut sponte subjuncta videantur: quasi sapientiam de domo sua, id est, pectore sapientis procedere intelligas, et tanquam inseparabilem famulam etiam non vocatam sequi eloquentiam.