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without superfluous words he began from the very mystery of the divine revelation, 'That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes;' for upon this revelation the Lord also blessed Peter, saying: 'Blessed are you, Simon bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed it to you, but my Father who is in heaven.' 7.25.11 But neither in the so-called second and third epistles of John, though they are short epistles, is John set forth by name, but 'the elder' is written anonymously. But this writer did not even think it sufficient to name himself once and to narrate what follows, but he takes it up again: 'I, John, your brother and fellow partaker in the tribulation and kingdom and patience of Jesus, was on the island that is called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.' And indeed, toward the end he said these things: 'Blessed is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book. And I, John, am he who sees and hears these things.' 7.25.12 'That it is John, then, who writes these things, must be believed as he himself says; but who he is, is uncertain. For he did not say that he was, as he does in many places in the Gospel, the disciple beloved by the Lord, nor the one who reclined on his breast, nor the brother of James, nor the one who was an eyewitness and ear-witness of the Lord. 7.25.13 For he would have said one of these things that have been previously indicated, wishing to reveal himself clearly; but none of these, but he called himself our brother and fellow partaker, and a witness of Jesus, and blessed in the sight and hearing of the revelations. 7.25.14 'And I think that there have been many with the same name as John the apostle, who, through love for him and because they admired and emulated him and wished to be loved by the Lord in the same way, embraced the same name, just as many of the children of the faithful are named Paul and, indeed, Peter. 7.25.15 There is, then, another John in the Acts of the Apostles, who was surnamed Mark, whom Barnabas and Paul took with them, concerning whom it says again: 'And they had also John as their attendant.' But whether this is the one who wrote it, I would not say; for it is not written that he arrived with them in Asia, but: 'Setting sail,' it says, 'from Paphos, Paul and his company came to Perga in Pamphylia, but John, departing from them, returned to Jerusalem;' 7.25.16 But I think it was some other of those who were in Asia, since they say that there were two tombs in Ephesus and that each is said to be John's. 7.25.17 And from the thoughts and from the words and their syntax, it is reasonable that this one will be supposed to be a different person from that one. 7.25.18 For the Gospel and the Epistle are in harmony with each other, and they begin in the same way: The one says, 'In the beginning was the Word,' and the other, 'That which was from the beginning;' the one says, 'And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only-begotten from the Father,' and the other, the same things with slight variation: 'what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we looked upon and our hands have handled, concerning the Word of life—and the life was made manifest.' 7.25.19 For he strikes these preludes, contending, as he has shown in what follows, against those who say that the Lord has not come in the flesh; on account of which he also carefully added: 'and what we have seen, we testify and proclaim to you the eternal life, which was with the Father and was made manifest to us; what we have seen and heard, we proclaim also to you.' 7.25. he holds to it and does not depart from the propositions, but goes through everything by means of the same main points and names; some of which we will briefly recall, 7.25.21 and he who reads attentively will find in each much life, much light, the turning away of darkness, constant truth, grace, joy, the flesh and blood of the Lord, judgment, the forgiveness of sins, the love of God toward us, the commandment of love for one another, how it is necessary to keep all the commandments; the refutation of the world of the

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ἀπερίττως ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ μυστηρίου τῆς θείας ἀποκαλύψεως ἤρξατο ὃ ἦν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν· ἐπὶ ταύτῃ γὰρ τῇ ἀποκαλύψει καὶ ὁ κύριος τὸν Πέτρον ἐμακάρισεν, εἰπών· μακάριος εἶ Σίμων βὰρ Ἰωνᾶ, ὅτι σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ' ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος. 7.25.11 ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ φερομένῃ Ἰωάννου καὶ τρίτῃ, καίτοι βραχείαις οὔσαις ἐπιστολαῖς, ὁ Ἰωάννης ὀνομαστὶ πρόκειται, ἀλλὰ ἀνωνύμως ὁ πρεσβύτερος γέγραπται. οὗτος δέ γε οὐδὲ αὔταρκες ἐνόμισεν εἰς ἅπαξ ἑαυτὸν ὀνομάσας διηγεῖσθαι τὰ ἑξῆς, ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀναλαμβάνει· ἐγὼ Ἰωάννης, ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὑμῶν καὶ συγκοινωνὸς ἐν τῇ θλίψει καὶ βασιλείᾳ καὶ ἐν ὑπομονῇ Ἰησοῦ, ἐγενόμην ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τῇ καλουμένῃ Πάτμῳ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ. καὶ δὴ καὶ πρὸς τῷ τέλει ταῦτα εἶπεν· μακάριος ὁ τηρῶν τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου κἀγὼ Ἰωάννης ὁ βλέπων καὶ ἀκούων ταῦτα. 7.25.12 «ὅτι μὲν οὖν Ἰωάννης ἐστὶν ὁ ταῦτα γράφων, αὐτῷ λέγοντι πιστευτέον· ποῖος δὲ οὗτος, ἄδηλον. οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ἑαυτὸν εἶναι, ὡς ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ πολλαχοῦ, τὸν ἠγαπημένον ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου μαθητὴν οὐδὲ τὸν ἀναπεσόντα ἐπὶ τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰακώβου οὐδὲ τὸν αὐτόπτην καὶ αὐτήκοον τοῦ κυρίου γενόμενον. 7.25.13 εἶπεν γὰρ ἄν τι τούτων τῶν προδεδηλωμένων, σαφῶς ἑαυτὸν ἐμφανίσαι βουλόμενος· ἀλλὰ τούτων μὲν οὐδέν, ἀδελφὸν δὲ ἡμῶν καὶ συγκοινωνὸν εἶπεν καὶ μάρτυρα Ἰησοῦ καὶ μακάριον ἐπὶ τῇ θέᾳ καὶ ἀκοῇ τῶν ἀποκαλύψεων. 7.25.14 «πολλοὺς δὲ ὁμωνύμους Ἰωάννῃ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ νομίζω γεγονέναι, οἳ διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἀγάπην καὶ τῷ θαυμάζειν καὶ ζηλοῦν ἀγαπηθῆναί τε ὁμοίως αὐτῷ βούλεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τὴν αὐτὴν ἠσπάσαντο, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος πολὺς καὶ δὴ καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἐν τοῖς τῶν πιστῶν παισὶν ὀνομάζεται. 7.25.15 ἔστιν μὲν οὖν καὶ ἕτερος Ἰωάννης ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων, ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Μάρκος, ὃν Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Παῦλος ἑαυτοῖς συμπαρέλαβον, περὶ οὗ καὶ πάλιν λέγει· εἶχον δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννην ὑπηρέτην. εἰ δὲ οὗτος ὁ γράψας ἐστίν, οὐκ ἂν φαίην· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀφῖχθαι σὺν αὐτοῖς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν γέγραπται, ἀλλά· ἀναχθέντες μέν, φησὶν, ἀπὸ τῆς Πάφου οἱ περὶ τὸν Παῦλον ἦλθον εἰς Πέργην τῆς Παμφυλίας, Ἰωάννης δὲ ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ' αὐτῶν ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα· 7.25.16 ἄλλον δέ τινα οἶμαι τῶν ἐν Ἀσίᾳ γενομένων, ἐπεὶ καὶ δύο φασὶν ἐν Ἐφέσῳ γενέσθαι μνήματα καὶ ἑκάτερον Ἰωάννου λέγεσθαι. 7.25.17 καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν νοημάτων δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων καὶ τῆς συντάξεως αὐτῶν εἰκότως ἕτερος οὗτος παρ' ἐκεῖνον ὑποληφθήσεται. 7.25.18 συνᾴδουσι μὲν γὰρ ἀλλήλοις τὸ εὐαγγέλιον καὶ ἡ ἐπιστολή, ὁμοίως τε ἄρχονται· τὸ μέν φησιν· ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, ἣ δέ· ὃ ἦν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς· τὸ μέν φησιν· καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, ἣ δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ σμικρῷ παρηλλαγμένα· ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, ὃ ἐθεασάμεθα καὶ αἱ χεῖρες ἡμῶν ἐψηλάφησαν, περὶ τοῦ λόγου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἐφανερώθη. 7.25.19 ταῦτα γὰρ προανακρούεται, διατεινόμενος, ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς ἐδήλωσεν, πρὸς τοὺς οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ φάσκοντας ἐληλυθέναι τὸν κύριον· δι' ἃ καὶ συνῆψεν ἐπιμελῶς· καὶ ὃ ἑωράκαμεν, μαρτυροῦμεν καὶ ἀπαγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν τὴν ζωὴν τὴν αἰώνιον, ἥτις ἦν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα καὶ ἐφανερώθη ἡμῖν· ὃ ἑωράκαμεν καὶ ἀκηκόαμεν, ἀπαγγέλλομεν καὶ ὑμῖν. 7.25. ἔχεται αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν προθέσεων οὐκ ἀφίσταται, διὰ δὲ τῶν αὐτῶν κεφαλαίων καὶ ὀνομάτων πάντα διεξέρχεται· ὧν τινὰ μὲν ἡμεῖς συντόμως ὑπομνήσομεν, 7.25.21 ὁ δὲ προσεχῶς ἐντυγχάνων εὑρήσει ἐν ἑκατέρῳ πολλὴν τὴν ζωήν, πολὺ τὸ φῶς ἀποτροπὴν τοῦ σκότους, συνεχῆ τὴν ἀλήθειαν τὴν χάριν τὴν χαρὰν τὴν σάρκα καὶ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ κυρίου τὴν κρίσιν τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τὴν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἡμᾶς ἀγάπης ἐντολήν, ὡς πάσας δεῖ φυλάττειν τὰς ἐντολάς· ὁ ἔλεγχος τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ