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Gelon of Syracuse ruled for 17 years. The Aeginetans ruled the sea for 17 years, for 10 years. Pythagoras the philosopher died at the age of 75, but others say 75. Aeschylus the tragic poet was becoming known. The Peiraeus was walled by Themistocles. The Latins revolted from the Romans. in Rome the people revolted from the senate. Aristides was ostracized. The Athenians walled the Peiraeus. Zeuxis the painter was becoming known. Cimon at the Eurymedon defeated the Persians in a sea battle and a land battle, and the Medic war ceased because of Phibalean dried figs that had been brought together for the Persians and 297 Athenians and all the Hellenes from it. And Phibaleis is a deme of Attica. Cratinus and Plato the comic poets were flourishing. In Rome the first Clarion centennial games were held. Crates the comic poet and Telesilla and Praxilla and Cleobulina were becoming known. Bacchylides the lyric poet was flourishing. The temple of Hera was burned. The Athenians and the Lacedaemonians made a thirty-year truce with one another. Herodotus the historian was honored by the council of the Athenians for reading his books to them. Euripides the tragic poet was becoming known. Protagoras the sophist was flourishing. The Athenians collected his books in order to burn them. In Rome, consuls again. Abaris the Hyperborean, an oracle-monger, was becoming known. Melissus the natural philosopher was becoming known. Phidias the sculptor and statue-maker was becoming known, who made the ivory Athena. Theaetetus the mathematician was flourishing. In Italy the nation of the Campanians was formed. Democritus of Abdera, the natural philosopher, was flourishing. having been initiated in Egypt by Ostanes the Mede, who was sent to Egypt by the then kings of the Persians to rule over the holy places in Egypt, in the temple of Memphis with other priests and philosophers, among whom were also a certain Maria, a wise Hebrew woman, and Pammenes, he wrote obliquely concerning gold and silver and stones and purple; and similarly also Maria. but Democritus and Maria were praised by Ostanes for having hidden the art with many and wise enigmas, 298 but they condemned Pammenes for writing without reserve. Hippocrates of Cos, the best of physicians, was becoming known, an Asclepiad by lineage. The first dictator established in Rome was Rufus Larcius. Panyasis the poet was becoming known. Aristides, called the Just, was ostracized after many labors by the Athenians. YEARS OF THE WORLD Joakim son of Jesus, the 2nd, served as priest for 36 years. and it was the 5012th year of the world. Eliashib, the 3rd, served as priest for 34 years. and it was the 5048th year of the world. Of Africanus, concerning Ezra, the seventeenth from Aaron the first priest When Artaxerxes permitted it, Ezra gathered the rest of the Judean captivity and the remaining vessels of the temple and came to Jerusalem and taught the law. And when he learned that through intermarriage they had mixed with the nations, he compelled each one of those who had non-kindred wives to cast out his own wife. And they obeyed, and as winter was pressing on, the work was completed. Of Eusebius, concerning Ezra Ezra the priest was becoming known among the Jews, in whose time the high priest was Eliashib son of Joakim the son of Jesus son of Jozadak. And Ezra was a scribe of the sacred laws, a distinguished teacher of those who returned from Babylonia to Judea. Some say the events concerning Esther and Mordecai happened at this time. But I am not persuaded; for the writing of Ezra would not have been silent about the deeds concerning her. 299 In the second book of Maccabees it is written that Nehemiah collected the prophetic books and those of the kings and other divine writings and founded a library. Concerning Nehemiah Nehemiah, a student of the law from the tribe of Judah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, in the twentieth year of the same Artaxerxes, having asked the king, goes up to Jerusalem from Babylon, while Ezra was still alive, and he raised the city with its walls, with the builders being armed, since the neighboring foreigners were trying to plot against him out of envy. He canceled the debts for the Jews, separating the gentiles from the synagogues, and instructing his kinsmen with Ezra precisely in the law of Moses and in all things

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Γέλων Συρακούσιος ἐκράτησεν ἔτη ιζʹ. Ἐθαλασσοκράτησαν Αἰγινῆται ιζʹ ἔτη ιʹ. Πυθαγόρας ὁ φιλόσοφος τέθνηκεν ἐτῶν ζεʹ, οἱ δὲ οεʹ. Αἰσχύλος τραγῳδοποιὸς ἐγνωρίζετο. Ὁ Πειραιεὺς ἐτειχίσθη ὑπὸ Θεμιστοκλέους. Λατῖνοι Ῥωμαίων ἀπέστησαν. ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὁ δῆμος ἀπέστη τῆς συγκλήτου. Ἀριστείδης ἐξωστρακίσθη. Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν Πειραιᾶ ἐτείχισαν. Ζεῦξις ζωγράφος ἐγνωρίζετο. Κίμων ἐπ' Εὐρυμέδοντι Πέρσας ἐνίκα ναυμαχίᾳ καὶ πεζομαχίᾳ, καὶ ὁ Μηδικὸς πόλεμος ἐπαύσατο διὰ φιβάλεις ἰσχάδας συστὰς Πέρσαις καὶ 297 Ἀθηναίοις καὶ πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ἀπ' αὐτοῦ. Φιβάλεις δὲ δῆμος τῆς Ἀττικῆς. Κρατῖνος καὶ Πλάτων οἱ κωμικοὶ ἤκμαζον. Ἐν Ῥώμῃ Κλαρίων ἀγὼν ἑκατονταετὴς ἤχθη αʹ. Κράτης ὁ κωμικὸς καὶ Τελέσιλλα καὶ Πραξίλλα καὶ Κλεοβουλίνα ἐγνωρίζοντο. Βακχυλίδης ὁ μελοποιὸς ἤκμαζεν. Ὁ τῆς Ἥρας ναὸς ἐνεπρήσθη. Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι σπονδὰς ἐποιήσαντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους τριακοντούτεις. Ἡρόδοτος ἱστορικὸς ἐτιμήθη παρὰ τῆς Ἀθηναίων βουλῆς ἐπαναγνοὺς αὐτοῖς τὰς βίβλους. Εὐριπίδης τραγῳδοποιὸς ἐγνωρίζετο. Πρωταγόρας ὁ σοφιστὴς ἤκμαζε. τούτου Ἀθηναῖοι τὰς βίβλους ἐψηλάφησαν τοῦ καῦσαι. Ἐν Ῥώμῃ πάλιν ὕπατοι. Ἄβαρις Ὑπερβόριος χρησμολόγος ἐγνωρίζετο. Μέλισσος φυσικὸς ἐγνωρίζετο. Φειδίας πλάστης καὶ ἀγαλματοποιὸς ἐγνωρίζετο, ὃς τὴν ἐλεφαντίνην Ἀθηνᾶν ἐποίησε. Θεαίτητος μαθηματικὸς ἤνθει. Ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ Καμπανῶν ἔθνος συνέστη. ∆ημόκριτος Ἀβδηρίτης φυσικὸς φιλόσοφος ἤκμαζεν. ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ μυηθεὶς ὑπὸ Ὀστάνου τοῦ Μήδου σταλέντος ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ παρὰ τῶν τηνικαῦτα βασιλέων Περσῶν ἄρχειν τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἱερῶν, ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τῆς Μέμφεως σὺν ἄλλοις ἱερεῦσι καὶ φιλοσόφοις, ἐν οἷς ἦν καὶ Μαρία τις Ἑβραία σοφὴ καὶ Παμμένης, συνέγραψε περὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λίθων καὶ πορφύρας λοξῶς· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Μαρία. ἀλλ' οὗτοι μὲν ∆ημόκρι τος καὶ Μαρία ἐπῃνέθησαν παρ' Ὀστάνου ὡς πολλοῖς καὶ σοφοῖς αἰνίγ 298 μασι κρύψαντες τὴν τέχνην, Παμμένους δὲ κατέγνωσαν ἀφθόνως γρά ψαντος. Ἱπποκράτης Κῶος ἰητρῶν ἄριστος ἐγνωρίζετο Ἀσκληπιάδης τὸ γένος. ∆ικάτωρ ἐν Ῥώμῃ πρῶτος κατεστάθη Ῥοῦφος Λάρκιος. Πανύασις ποιητὴς ἐγνωρίζετο. Ἀριστείδης ὁ λεγόμενος δίκαιος ἐξωστρακίσθη μετὰ πολλοὺς πόνους ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων. ΚΟΣΜΟΥ ΕΤΗ Ἰωακεὶμ υἱὸς Ἰησοῦ βʹ ἱεράτευσεν ἔτη λςʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ειβʹ. Ἐλιάσιβος γʹ ἱεράτευσεν ἔτη λδʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εμηʹ. Ἀφρικανοῦ περὶ τοῦ Ἔσδρα ἑπτακαιδεκάτου ἀπὸ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ πρώτου ἱερέωσ Συγχωρήσαντος Ἀρταξέρξου τοὺς ὑπολοίπους τῆς Ἰουδαίων αἰχμαλωσίας ἤθροισεν Ἔσδρας τά τε λείψανα τῶν σκευῶν τοῦ ναοῦ ἦλθεν ἔχων εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ τὸν νόμον ἐδίδασκεν. ὡς δὲ ἐπύθετο κατ' ἐπιγαμίας αὐτοὺς ἀναμεμίχθαι τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ἠνάγκαζε τοὺς οὐχ ὁμοεθνεῖς ἔχοντας ἐξεῶσαι ἕκαστον τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. οἱ δ' ὑπήκουον καὶ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἐπειγομένου τὸ ἔργον ἐπετελεῖτο. Εὐσεβίου περὶ τοῦ Ἔσδρα Ἔσδρας ἱερεὺς παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἐγνωρίζετο, καθ' ὃν ἀρχιερεὺς ἦν Ἐλιασὶβ υἱὸς Ἰωακεὶμ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ἰωσεδέκ. ἦν δὲ ὁ Ἔσδργραμματεὺς νόμων ἱερῶν διδάσκαλος ἐπιφανὴς τῶν ἀπὸ Βαβυλωνίας ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν ἐπανελθόντων. τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἐσθὴρ καὶ Μαρδοχαῖόν φασί τινες. ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ πείθομαι· οὐκ ἂν γὰρ ἐσιώπησε τὰς κατ' αὐτὴν πράξεις ἡ τοῦ Ἔσδρα γραφή. 299 Ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ τῶν Μακκαβαϊκῶν γέγραπται ὅτι Νεεμίας ἐπεσύναξε τὰς προφητικὰς βίβλους καὶ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ἄλλων θείων γραφῶν βιβλιοθήκην τε κατεβάλλετο. Τὰ κατὰ Νεεμίαν Νεεμίας νομομαθὴς ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰούδα, οἰνοχόος Ἀρταξέρξου, εἰκοστῷ ἔτει τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου αἰτήσας τὸν βασιλέα ἄνεισιν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος, ἔτι περιόντος Ἔσδρα, τὴν πόλιν τε σὺν τοῖς τείχεσιν ἤγειρεν ἐνόπλοις τοῖς οἰκοδόμοις, ἐπιβουλεύειν αὐτῷ διὰ φθόνον πειρω μένων τῶν πλησιοχώρων ἀλλογενῶν. οὗτος χρεῶν ὀφειλὰς ἀπέκοψε τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, ἀφορίσας τοὺς ἐθνικοὺς τῶν συναγωγῶν, τοὺς δὲ ὁμογενεῖς ἐκπαιδεύσας σὺν τῷ Ἔσδρᾳ τῷ νόμῳ Μωυσέως ἀκριβῶς καὶ πᾶσι