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1. I have seen many rejoicing, and saying to one another: We have conquered, we have prevailed, half of the fast has been spent. But I exhort such people, not to rejoice because half of the fast has been spent, but to consider this, whether half of their sins has been spent, and then to exult; for this is worthy of pleasure, this is what is sought and for which all things are done, that we may correct our faults, that we may not come out of the fast as we were when we entered the fast, but having washed away and put aside all things of evil habit, so let us celebrate the holy festival; if this is not so, not only will there be no profit for us, but even the greatest harm from the fast having been spent. Therefore let us not rejoice because we have completed the length of the fast—for this 49.180 is no great thing—but let us rejoice when we complete it with good deeds, so that even when it is gone, its fruit may shine forth. For the benefit of winter is shown then especially, when it has passed; for the flourishing crops, and the trees teeming with leaves and fruit, cry out by their appearance the benefit that came to them from the winter. Let this indeed happen for us as well. For we have enjoyed continuous and successive rains in the winter during the time of the fast, having partaken of constant teaching, and we have received spiritual seeds, and we have cut off the thorns of luxury. Let us then remain, keeping with exactness what we have received, so that even when the fast is gone, the fruit of the fast may teem, and through the good things which we have harvested from the fast, we may also remember the fast itself. If we so prepare 49.181 ourselves, we will receive it again with pleasure when it approaches. For I see many so fainthearted, that in the present they worry about the coming Lent, and I have heard many saying that after being released from the fast they do not feel the pleasure of the relief because of their concern for the coming year. What could be more fainthearted than this, tell me? And what is the cause of this? Because when the fast arrives, we are not eager that things concerning the soul be well-ordered, but we define it only by the abstinence from foods. For if we harvested some great thing from it for the correction of our ways, we would even pray for the fast to come every day, receiving a perception of its good deeds through the works themselves, and we would never cast out the desire for it, nor would we become downcast and anxious when it is expected. For the one who is well-disposed in mind and takes care of his own soul, nothing at all that exists will be able to afflict, but he will enjoy a pure and continuous pleasure; and that this is true, you have heard Paul today exhorting us and saying: Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice. And I know, indeed, that what is said seems impossible to many; for how is it possible, he says, for a human being to rejoice continuously? For to rejoice is not difficult, but to rejoice continuously, this seems impossible to me, perhaps someone might say; for many necessities of despondency surround us. For one has lost a child, or a wife, or a genuine friend, more necessary than any relative, or suffered a loss of money, or fallen into sickness, or endured another difficult circumstance, or been unjustly insulted and grieved, or famine, or pestilence, or an unbearable tax-collection, or domestic affairs; rather, we could not manage to list everything that is accustomed to grieve us both in private and in public. How then is it possible, he says, to rejoice always? It is possible indeed, O man; and if it were not possible, Paul would not have exhorted it, nor would a man enjoying spiritual wisdom have given this counsel. And for this reason I have said to you continuously, and will not cease saying, that what is not possible to learn anywhere nor from anyone else, these things it is possible for you to learn as philosophy here. For all desire pleasure and to rejoice, and for this reason they do and say and engage in all things. For a merchant sails for this reason, that money

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αʹ. Πολλοὺς εἶδον χαίροντας, καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους λέγοντας Ἐνικήσαμεν, ἐκρατήσαμεν, ἐδαπανήθη τῆς νηστείας τὸ ἥμισυ. Τοὺς δὲ τοιούτους παρακαλῶ, μὴ διὰ τοῦτο χαίρειν, ὅτι ἐδαπανήθη τῆς νηστείας τὸ ἥμισυ, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο σκοπεῖν, εἰ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐδαπανήθη τὸ ἥμισυ, καὶ τότε ἀγάλλεσθαι· τοῦτο γὰρ ἡδονῆς ἄξιον, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον καὶ δι' ὃ πάντα γίνεται, ἵνα τὰ ἐλαττώματα ἡμῶν διορθώσωμεν, ἵνα μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἐξέλθωμεν ἀπὸ νηστείας, οἷοι εἰσήλθομεν εἰς νηστείαν, ἀλλ' ἀπονιψάμενοι καὶ πάντα ἀποθέμενοι τὰ τῆς πονηρᾶς συνηθείας, οὕτω τὴν ἱερὰν ἀγάγωμεν ἑορτήν· ὡς ἂν μὴ τοῦτο ᾖ, οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἔσται κέρδος, ἀλλὰ καὶ βλάβος μέγιστον τῆς νηστείας δαπανηθείσης. Μὴ τοίνυν χαίρωμεν, ὅτι διηνύσαμεν τῆς νηστείας τὸ μῆκος τοῦτο 49.180 γὰρ οὐδὲν μέγα ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ χαίρωμεν, ὅταν μετὰ κατορθωμάτων αὐτὸ διανύσωμεν, ἵνα καὶ ἀπελθούσης ταύτης, ὁ ταύτης διαλάμπῃ καρπός. Καὶ γὰρ τοῦ χειμῶνος τὸ κέρδος τότε μάλιστα δείκνυται, ὅταν ἐκεῖνος παρέλθῃ· καὶ γὰρ κομῶντα τὰ λήϊα, καὶ φύλλοις καὶ καρπῷ τὰ δένδρα βρύοντα διὰ τῆς ὄψεως βοᾷ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ χειμῶνος γενομένην ὠφέλειαν αὐτοῖς. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γενέσθω. Καὶ γὰρ ὑετῶν συνεχῶν καὶ ἐπαλλήλων ἀπελαύσαμεν ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι κατὰ τὸν τῆς νηστείας καιρὸν διηνεκοῦς μετασχόντες διδασκαλίας, καὶ σπέρματα ἐδεξάμεθα πνευματικὰ, καὶ τὰς ἀκάνθας τῆς τρυφῆς ἀπετέμομεν. Μένωμεν τοίνυν ἅπερ ὑπεδεξάμεθα τηροῦντες μετὰ ἀκριβείας, ἵνα καὶ τῆς νηστείας ἀπελθούσης ὁ τῆς νηστείας βρύῃ καρπὸς, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ὧν ἐκαρπωσάμεθα ἀπὸ τῆς νηστείας, καὶ αὐτῆς μνημονεύωμεν τῆς νηστείας. Ἐὰν οὕτως ἑαυτοὺς παρασκευά 49.181 σωμεν, προσιοῦσαν αὐτὴν μεθ' ἡδονῆς δεξόμεθα πάλιν. Καὶ γὰρ οὕτως ὁρῶ πολλοὺς μικροψύχως ἔχοντας, ὡς ἐν τῷ παρόντι περὶ τῆς μελλούσης μεριμνᾷν τεσσαρακοστῆς, καὶ πολλῶν ἤκουσα λεγόντων, ὅτι μετὰ τὴν τῆς νηστείας ἀπαλλαγὴν οὐκ αἰσθάνονται τῆς ἡδονῆς τῆς ἐκ τῆς ἀνέσεως διὰ τὴν φροντίδα τοῦ μέλλοντος ἐνιαυτοῦ. Τί ἂν γένοιτο τούτου μικροψυχότερον, εἰπέ μοι; Τί δὲ τὸ αἴτιον τούτου ἐστίν; Ὅτι νηστείας παραγενομένης οὐχ ὅπως τὰ κατὰ ψυχὴν εὖ διατεθείη σπουδάζομεν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ τῶν σιτίων ἀποχῇ μόνον αὐτὴν ὁριζόμεθα. Ὡς εἰ μέγα τι εἰς τὴν τῶν τρόπων διόρθωσιν ἀπ' αὐτῆς ἐκαρπωσάμεθα, κἂν ηὐξάμεθα καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν παραγίνεσθαι τὴν νηστείαν, δι' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων αἴσθησιν λαμβάνοντες τῶν κατορθωμάτων αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἄν ποτε τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτῆς ἐξεβάλομεν, οὐκ ἂν προσδοκωμένης αὐτῆς ἐγενόμεθα κατηφεῖς καὶ ἐναγώνιοι. Τὸν γὰρ κατὰ διάνοιαν εὖ διακείμενον καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπιμελούμενον τῆς ἑαυτοῦ, οὐδὲν ὅλως τῶν ὄντων θλῖψαι δυνήσεται, ἀλλ' ἀπολαύσεται καθαρᾶς ἡδονῆς καὶ διηνεκοῦς· καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀληθὲς, ἠκούσατε τοῦ Παύλου σήμερον παραινοῦντος ἡμῖν καὶ λέγοντος· Χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ πάντοτε, πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν, ὅτι πολλοῖς ἀδύνατον εἶναι δοκεῖ τὸ λεγόμενον· πῶς γὰρ οἷόν τε, φησὶν, ἄνθρωπον ὄντα χαίρειν διηνεκῶς; τὸ μὲν γὰρ χαίρειν οὐ δύσκολον, τὸ δὲ διηνεκῶς χαίρειν, τοῦτο καὶ ἀδύνατον εἶναί μοι δοκεῖ, ἴσως εἴποι ἄν τις· πολλαὶ γὰρ ἀθυμίας ἡμᾶς ἀνάγκαι περιστοιχίζονται. Ἢ γὰρ παῖδά τις ἀπέβαλεν, ἢ γυναῖκα, ἢ φίλον γνήσιον, παντὸς συγγενοῦς ἀναγκαιότερον, ἢ ζημίαν ὑπέστη χρημάτων, ἢ νόσῳ περιέπεσεν, ἢ περίστασιν πραγμάτων ὑπέμεινεν ἑτέραν, ἢ παρ' ἀξίαν ὑβρισθεὶς ἤλγησεν, ἢ λιμὸς, ἢ λοιμὸς, ἢ εἴσπραξις ἀφόρητος, ἢ τὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκίαν πράγματα· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμεν ἅπαντα καταλέγοντες, ὅσα καὶ ἰδίᾳ καὶ δημοσίᾳ λυπεῖν ἡμᾶς εἴωθεν. Πῶς οὖν δυνατὸν, φησὶ, πάντοτε χαίρειν; ∆υνατὸν μὲν οὖν, ἄνθρωπε· καὶ εἰ μὴ δυνατὸν ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ὁ Παῦλος παρῄνεσεν, οὐδ' ἂν συνεβούλευσεν ἄνθρωπος πνευματικῆς ἀπολαύων σοφίας. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο συνεχῶς ὑμῖν ἔλεγον, καὶ λέγων οὐ παύσομαι, ὅτι ἃ μηδαμοῦ μηδὲ παρ' ἑτέρῳ τινὶ ἔστι μαθεῖν, ταῦτα ἐνταῦθα ὑμῖν ἔξεστι φιλοσοφεῖν. Ἡδονῆς μὲν γὰρ καὶ τοῦ χαίρειν ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἅπαντες, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ποιοῦσι καὶ λέγουσι καὶ πραγματεύονται. Καὶ γὰρ ἔμπορος διὰ τοῦτο πλεῖ, ἵνα χρήματα