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may gather together; and he gathers money, so that having it stored away he may rejoice; and the soldier serves for this reason, and the farmer farms for this reason, and each man pursues a craft for this reason, and those who love power love it for this reason, that they may enjoy glory, and they wish to enjoy glory, so that they may rejoice; and one might see every single thing coming to this end for us, and each person, looking to this, hastens to proceed to it through many means. All men, as I said, love cheerfulness, but not all are able to attain it; for they do not know the road that leads there; but many think that being wealthy is the cause of it. But if this were the cause, none of those who possess wealth would ever have been despondent; but as it is, many of the wealthy think that life is unlivable, and they pray for a thousand deaths, whenever they feel some adversity, and those who are exceedingly despondent, these are the most 49.182 of all. For do not look at their tables for me, nor their flatterers and their parasites, but the things that happen from them, the insults, the slanders, the dangers, the anxieties, and what is much more difficult than this, that also coming to these changes unprepared, they do not know how to be philosophical, nor to bear what happens nobly. Therefore the terrible things do not even appear to them as they are in nature, but even the light things seem to be unbearable henceforth. Just as, therefore, the opposite happens in the case of the poor, and incurable things seem bearable, as they have practiced such things for the most part; for it is not so much the nature of the events, as the disposition of the sufferers, that makes the evils that come upon us seem great and small. And so that I may not bring the examples of both these from afar, I will speak from the things that have happened to us. Behold, for instance, the poor all escaped, and the common people are delivered from the danger, and they enjoy pure security; but those who manage the affairs of the city, the keepers of horses and the presidents of the games, and those who have performed the other public services, these now inhabit the prison and fear for the worst, and for the things dared by all, they themselves are held accountable, and they live with constant fear, and they are now in a more wretched state than all, not because of the greatness of the dangers, but because they had lived the former time in luxury.

2. For many, being exhorted by us, and being advised to bear their troubles nobly, said this, that we have never practiced anything of this sort, nor do we know how to philosophize about such things; for this reason we have need of much consolation. Others again think that to be healthy, this is the cause of pleasure; but it is not. For many of the healthy have themselves prayed ten thousand times to die, unable to bear the insults brought upon them. Others again say that to enjoy glory, and to have attained power, and to administer offices and be flattered by many, is productive of continual joy; but neither is this so. And why do I speak of the other offices? For even if we ascend in our discourse to kingship itself, and him who lives in it, we will find him surrounded by many despondencies, and having so many more compulsions to grief, by how much a greater mass of affairs he is clothed with. And what need is there to speak of wars and battles and the uprisings of the barbarians? Often he fears those plotting within his own household. For many of those who have reigned, having escaped the hands of their enemies in war, have not escaped the plots of their own bodyguards. The compulsions to despondency for rulers are as many as the waves of the sea. And if kingship cannot produce a life without grief, what else will be able to accomplish this? Nothing of the things of this life; but the word of Paul alone, this short and simple one, will itself open this treasure for us. For there is no need of many words, nor of a long discourse, but if we only consider what has been said, we shall find the road that leads to this. For he did not say simply, "Rejoice always," but he added the cause of the continual pleasure, saying, "Rejoice in the Lord always;" he who rejoices in the Lord,

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συναγάγῃ· χρήματα δὲ συνάγει, ἵνα ἔχων ἀποκείμενα χαίρῃ· καὶ ὁ στρατευόμενος διὰ τοῦτο στρατεύεται, καὶ ὁ γεωργὸς διὰ τοῦτο γεωργεῖ, καὶ τέχνην ἕκαστος διὰ τοῦτο μέτεισι, καὶ ἀρχῆς οἱ ἐρῶντες διὰ τοῦτο ἐρῶσιν, ἵνα δόξης ἀπολαύσωσι, δόξης δὲ ἀπολαύειν βούλονται, ἵνα χαίρωσι· καὶ πρᾶγμα ἕκαστον πρὸς τοῦτο ἴδοι τις ἂν ἐπιγινόμενον ἡμῖν τὸ τέλος, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο ἕκαστος βλέπων διὰ πολλῶν τῶν μέσων ἐπ' αὐτὸ σπεύδει βαδίζειν. Εὐθυμίας μὲν, ὅπερ ἔφην, ἐρῶσι πάντες, ἐπιτυχεῖν δὲ οὐχ ἅπαντες δύνανται· οὐ γὰρ ἴσασι τὴν ἐκεῖ φέρουσαν ὁδόν· ἀλλὰ πολλοὶ νομίζουσιν, ὅτι τὸ πλουτεῖν αἴτιον τούτου γίνεται. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο αἴτιον ἦν, οὐδεὶς ἂν τῶν χρήματα κεκτημένων ἠθύμησέ ποτε· νῦν δὲ πολλοὶ τῶν πλουτούντων ἀβίωτον εἶναι τὸν βίον νομίζουσι, καὶ θανάτους μυρίους εὔχονται, ἐπειδὰν δυσημερίας τινὸς αἴσθωνται, καὶ οἱ σφόδρα ἀθυμοῦντες, οὗτοι μάλιστα 49.182 πάντων εἰσί. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰς τραπέζας αὐτῶν ἴδῃς, μηδὲ τοὺς κόλακας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς παρασίτους, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐξ αὐτῶν γινόμενα πράγματα, τὰς ἐπηρείας, τὰς συκοφαντίας, τοὺς κινδύνους, τὰς ἀγωνίας, καὶ ὃ τούτου πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι καὶ ἀμελέτητοι πρὸς ταύτας ἐρχόμενοι τὰς μεταβολὰς, φιλοσοφεῖν οὐκ ἐπίστανται, οὐδὲ γενναίως τὰ συμπίπτοντα φέρειν. ∆ιόπερ οὐδὲ τοιαῦτα αὐτοῖς φαίνεται τὰ δεινὰ, οἷάπερ ἐστὶ τῇ φύσει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ κοῦφα ἀφόρητα λοιπὸν εἶναι δοκεῖ. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐπὶ τῶν πενήτων τοὐναντίον γίνεται, καὶ τὰ ἀνήκεστα φορητὰ φαίνεται, ὡς τὰ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα αὐτοῖς μεμελετηκόσιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτως ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων φύσις, ὡς ἡ τῶν πασχόντων διάθεσις, καὶ μεγάλα καὶ μικρὰ ποιεῖ φαίνεσθαι τὰ ἐπιόντα ἡμῖν κακά. Καὶ ἵνα μὴ πόῤῥωθεν ἀγάγω τὰ παραδείγματα ἑκατέρων τούτων, ἀπὸ τῶν συμβάντων ἡμῖν διαλέξομαι. Ἰδοὺ γοῦν οἱ μὲν πένητες διέφυγον ἅπαντες, καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἀπήλλακται τοῦ κινδύνου, καὶ ἀδείας ἀπολαύουσι καθαρᾶς· οἱ δὲ τὰ τῆς πόλεως πράττοντες πράγματα, ἱπποτρόφοι καὶ ἀγωνοθέται, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα λειτουργήσαντες, οὗτοι τὸ δεσμωτήριον οἰκοῦσι νῦν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων δεδοίκασι, καὶ τῶν ἅπασι τετολμημένων αὐτοὶ τὰς εὐθύνας ὑπέχουσι, καὶ φόβῳ συζῶσι διηνεκεῖ, καὶ πάντων ἀθλιώτερον ἐκεῖνοι διάκεινται νῦν, οὐ διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν κινδύνων, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ τρυφῇ τὸν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον συνεζηκέναι.

βʹ. Πολλοὶ γοῦν παρ' ἡμῶν παρακαλούμενοι, καὶ γενναίως φέρειν συμβουλευόμενοι τὰ δεινὰ, τοῦτο ἔλεγον, ὅτι οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε τοιοῦτον ἐμελετήσαμεν, οὐδὲ ἐπιστάμεθα τοιαῦτα φιλοσοφεῖν· διὰ τοῦτο πολλῆς δεόμεθα τῆς παρακλήσεως. Ἕτεροι πάλιν νομίζουσιν, ὅτι τὸ ὑγιαίνειν, τοῦτό ἐστιν αἴτιον ἡδονῆς· οὐκ ἔστι δέ. Πολλοὶ γοῦν τῶν ὑγιαινόντων καὶ αὐτοὶ μυριάκις ηὔξαντο ἀποθανεῖν, τὰς ἐπαγομένας αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐνεγκόντες ἐπηρείας. Ἄλλοι πάλιν τὸ δόξης ἀπολαύειν, καὶ δυναστείας ἐπειλῆφθαι, καὶ διέπειν ἀρχὰς καὶ παρὰ πολλῶν κολακεύεσθαι, διηνεκοῦς χαρᾶς ποιητικὸν εἶναί φασιν· οὐκ ἔστι δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦτο. Καὶ τί λέγω τὰς ἄλλας ἀρχάς; Κἂν γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἀναβῶμεν τῷ λόγῳ τὴν βασιλείαν, καὶ τὸν ἐν ἐκείνῃ ζῶντα, πολλαῖς εὑρήσομεν περιεστοιχισμένον ἀθυμίαις, καὶ τοσούτῳ πλείους ἔχοντα λύπης ἀνάγκας, ὅσῳ καὶ μείζονα περιβέβληται πραγμάτων ὄγκον. Καὶ τί χρὴ λέγειν πολέμους καὶ μάχας καὶ τὰς παρὰ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐπαναστάσεις; πολλάκις αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἔνδον στρεφομένους δέδοικε. Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν βασιλευσάντων τὰς πολεμικὰς διαφυγόντες χεῖρας, τὰς τῶν σωματοφυλάκων οὐ διέφυγον ἐπιβουλάς. Τοσαῦται δὲ τοῖς βασιλεύουσιν ἀθυμίας ἀνάγκαι, ὅσα τῇ θαλάττῃ τὰ κύματα. Εἰ δὲ βασιλεία οὐκ ἂν ἄλυπον ἐργάσαιτο βίον, τί ἕτερον δυνήσεται κατορθῶσαι τοῦτο; Τῶν μὲν βιωτικῶν οὐδέν· τὸ δὲ Παύλου ῥῆμα μόνον, τὸ βραχὺ τοῦτο καὶ ψιλὸν, αὐτὸ ἡμῖν τοῦτον ἀνοίξει τὸν θησαυρόν. Οὐ γὰρ πολλῶν δεῖ λόγων, οὐδὲ μακρᾶς τῆς περιόδου, ἀλλ' ἐὰν ἐννοήσωμεν μόνον τὸ εἰρημένον, εὑρήσομεν τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦτο φέρουσαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, Χαίρετε πάντοτε, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκε τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς διηνεκοῦς ἡδονῆς, Χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ πάντοτε, εἰπών· ὁ ἐν Κυρίῳ χαίρων,