137

you have sent. For this very reason, many when they give to many, give this instruction, not to tell others, lest 55.170 the favor done to one should rouse up many petitioners for the giver, as if the one who has given once has no retreat to flee to, unless he should also give to others. But men, indeed, reasonably command this, since by giving they become poorer; but God, on the contrary, both proclaims and cries out what is given to others, so as to provide an occasion for others to ask Him again. For in giving, His wealth is shown to be greater. Therefore Paul says: *Who is rich to all, and upon all who call upon Him.* Have you seen a certain new nature of wealth? You too imitate this munificence. For when you spend the wealth that is laid up, then you will increase it the more; but if you bury it, then you have diminished it the more. And what wonder is it, if this happens in spiritual things, when it even happens this way in carnal things? For if someone, being sparing, does not spend the grain lying at home, nor casts it into the fields, he has delivered it to the mouth of worms; but if he scatters it, he works a greater harvest. 3. Hear, all you who are slow to almsgiving. Hear, you who diminish your wealth by guarding it. Hear, you who are in no better condition than those who are rich in a dream. For the present things are no better than a dream; but just as those who imagine in their sleep that they have money, even if they become masters of the royal treasuries, are the poorest of all when day comes; so also in this present life, he who has been able to bring nothing there will be the poorest of all, even if he has possessed all things; for he was rich only in a dream. If therefore you wish to show me the wealthy man, show me then, when day comes, when we depart to that homeland; but for now I will not venture to distinguish the rich man and the poor man. For there is not a reality of things, but rather a grace and euphemism of names. For just as the many call the blind 'those who see much', but the reality does not follow the name, but these are most of all those who do not see; so indeed I say also that the name of the rich is borne here by those who have possessed nothing there. For when one is rich here, then I know especially that he is poor. For if he were not exceedingly poor, he would not be exceedingly rich. For just as they would not have called the maimed man 'one who sees much' unless he were completely blinded; so indeed it must be reckoned here also. Putting away therefore the deceit of names, let us take hold of the truth of things. For things do not stand in names, but the natures of things fashion the names according to their own substance. Such a one is called rich, but is not. And how is he not, when much silver, and much gold, and precious stones, and golden garments, and all other things flow around him? Because not gold, nor garments, nor money, but almsgiving makes one rich. For these things are grass, these things are wood and stubble. For what garment, tell me, will then be able to clothe the one standing naked before that fearful judgment seat? 55.171 Which Paul also, fearing, said: *If indeed, having been clothed, we shall not be found naked.* What money will be able to deliver the one in danger? what servants will stand by their master when he is being scourged? what houses? what precious stones? what baths will be able to wipe away the filth from sins? For how long do you deceive yourselves? for how long do you not see the truth of things, but gape at dreams, when the judgment is near and at the doors? But let us return to the subject at hand. *Our fathers have told us of a work which you did in their days, in the ancient days.* It is possible for us also to say this concerning

137

ἐπέμψατε. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο πολλοὶ πολλοῖς διδόντες τοῦτο παρεγγυῶσι, μὴ ἐξειπεῖν ἑτέροις, ἵνα 55.170 μὴ ἡ εἰς τὸν ἕνα γενομένη χάρις πολλοὺς ἐπεγείρῃ τῷ δεδωκότι τοὺς αἰτοῦντας, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ ἔχοντος καταφυγεῖν εἴς τινα ἀναχώρησιν τοῦ δόντος ἅπαξ, εἰ μὴ καὶ ἑτέροις δοίη. Ἀλλ' ἄνθρωποι μὲν εἰκότως, ἅτε ἐκ τοῦ διδόναι γενόμενοι πενέστεροι, τοῦτο κελεύουσιν· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τοὐναντίον καὶ ἀνακηρύττει καὶ βοᾷ τὰ ἑτέροις διδόμενα, εἰς τὸ καὶ ἑτέροις παρασχεῖν πρόφασιν τοῦ πάλιν αὐτὸν αἰτῆσαι. Τῷ γὰρ διδόναι μείζων αὐτοῦ ὁ πλοῦτος δείκνυται. ∆ιό φησιν ὁ Παῦλος· Ὁ πλουτῶν εἰς πάντας, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν. Εἶδες καινήν τινα φύσιν πλούτου; Ταύτην καὶ σὺ μιμοῦ τὴν φιλοτιμίαν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἀναλώσῃς τὸν ἀποκείμενον πλοῦτον, τότε μᾶλλον αὐτὸν αὐξήσεις· ἂν δὲ κατορύξῃς, τότε μᾶλλον ἠλάττωσας. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ ἐπὶ τῶν πνευματικῶν τοῦτο συμβαίνει, ὅπου γε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν σαρκικῶν οὕτω γίνεται; Καὶ γὰρ ἂν φειδόμενός τις τὸν σῖτον οἴκοι κείμενον μὴ δαπανήσῃ, μηδὲ εἰς τὰς ἀρούρας ἐκβάλῃ, τῷ στόματι τῶν σκωλήκων αὐτὸν παρέδωκεν· ἂν δὲ σκορπίσῃ, πλείονα τὸν ἀμητὸν ἐργάζεται. γʹ. Ἀκούσατε ὅσοι πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ἐστὲ ὀκνηροί. Ἀκούσατε οἱ τὸν πλοῦτον ὑμῖν ἐλαττοῦντες τῇ φυλακῇ. Ἀκούσατε οἱ τῶν ὄναρ πλουτούντων οὐδὲν διακείμενοι ἄμεινον. Ὀνείρατος γὰρ οὐδὲν ἄμεινον τὰ παρόντα· ἀλλ' ὥσπερ οἱ καθ' ὕπνους φανταζόμενοι χρήματα ἔχειν, κἂν τῶν ταμιείων γένωνται τῶν βασιλικῶν κύριοι, πάντων εἰσὶ πενέστεροι, γενομένης ἡμέρας· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ βίου τοῦ παρόντος, ὁ μηδὲν ἀγαγεῖν ἐκεῖ δυνηθεὶς, πάντων ἔσται πενέστερος κἂν τὰ πάντων ᾖ κεκτημένος· ὄναρ γὰρ ἐπλούτησε μόνον. Εἰ τοίνυν βούλει μοι δεῖξαι τὸν εὔπορον, τότε μοι δεῖξον, ὅταν ἡμέρα γένηται, ὅταν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα ἀπέλθωμεν ἐκείνην· νῦν δὲ οὐκ ἀνέξομαι τὸν πλούσιον διαγινώσκειν καὶ τὸν πένητα. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀλήθεια πραγμάτων, ἀλλ' ὀνομάτων χάρις καὶ εὐφημία μᾶλλον. Καθάπερ γὰρ τοὺς τυφλοὺς καλοῦσιν οἱ πολλοὶ πολυβλέποντας, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ τῷ ὀνόματι τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀλλ' οὗτοι μάλιστά εἰσιν οἱ μὴ ὁρῶντες· οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸ τῶν πλουσίων ὄνομα περιφέρεσθαι ἐνταῦθά φημι τῶν οὐδὲν ἐκεῖ κεκτημένων. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα πλουτῇ, τότε μάλιστα οἶδα ὅτι πένης ἐστίν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ σφόδρα πένης ἦν, οὐκ ἂν σφόδρα ἐπλούτει. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸν πηρὸν, εἰ μὴ καθόλου τετύφλωται, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸν πολυβλέποντα ἐκάλεσαν· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα λογιστέον. Ἀποθέμενοι οὖν τῶν ὀνομάτων τὴν ἀπάτην, ἀντιλάβωμεν τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐν ὀνόμασι τὰ πράγματα ἕστηκεν, ἀλλ' αἱ τῶν πραγμάτων φύσεις τὰ ὀνόματα κατὰ τὴν οἰκείαν ὑπόστασιν πλάττουσιν. Ὁ δεῖνα πλούσιος καλεῖται, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι. Καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἔστιν, ὅταν πολὺς μὲν ἄργυρος, πολὺ δὲ χρυσίον, καὶ λίθοι τίμιοι, καὶ ἱμάτια χρυσᾶ, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα αὐτῷ περιῤῥέῃ; Ὅτι οὐ χρυσίον, οὐδὲ ἱμάτια, οὐδὲ χρήματα, ἀλλ' ἐλεημοσύνη ποιεῖ πλούσιον Ταῦτα γὰρ χόρτος, ταῦτα ξύλα καὶ καλάμη. Ἐπεὶ ποῖον ἱμάτιον, εἰπέ μοι, τότε τὸν γυμνὸν ἑστῶτα ἐπὶ τοῦ φοβεροῦ βήματος ἐκείνου περιβαλεῖν δυνήσεται; 55.171 Ὅπερ καὶ Παῦλος δεδοικὼς ἔλεγεν· Εἴπερ καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι, οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα. Ποῖα χρήματα τὸν κινδυνεύοντα ἐξελέσθαι δυνήσεται; ποῖοι οἰκέται μαστιζομένῳ παραστήσεσθαι τῷ δεσπότῃ; ποῖαι οἰκίαι; ποῖοι λίθοι πολύτιμοι; ποῖα βαλανεῖα τὸν ῥύπον ἀποσμῆξαι δυνήσεται τὸν ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων; Μέχρι τίνος ἑαυτοὺς ἀπατᾶτε; μέχρι τίνος οὐ διαβλέπετε τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὰ ὀνείρατα κεχήνατε, ἐγγὺς καὶ ἐπὶ θύραις τῆς κρίσεως οὔσης; Ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὰ προκείμενα ἐπανίωμεν. Οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν ἀνήγγειλαν ἡμῖν ἔργον ὃ εἰργάσω ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν, ἐν ἡμέραις ἀρχαίαις. Ἔξεστι καὶ ἡμῖν τοῦτο εἰπεῖν κατὰ