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a multitude upon all; this day is most holy to the Lord.” So that from these things we may infer, or rather be fully convinced, that Ezra himself served as priest after Joachim son of Jesus son of Jozadak, the one who served as high priest in the time of Judith and Holofernes in the days of Xerxes, since the ascent of Nehemiah the cupbearer of this Artaxerxes was after ιγʹ years of this Ezra’s ascent in the κʹ year of King Artaxerxes. For this same Artaxerxes Macrocheir, moved by God in his ζʹ year, sent out the high priest Ezra for the instruction of the Jews in Jerusalem, and again Nehemiah after ιγʹ years for the complete rebuilding of the walls and of the city in the κʹ year of his reign, through the great intimacy granted to him also as one beloved of God toward Artaxerxes, and having requested to restore the city of his fathers. In his time Eliashib was high priest, son of Joachim, as it is written in the words of Nehemiah, at the end of the βʹ book of Ezra, that “And Eliashib the great priest and his brothers the priests arose and built the sheep gate; they themselves sanctified it and set up its doors.” Therefore, just as the writing of Ezra mentioned him in the account concerning Nehemiah, so also in the account concerning this same Ezra, if he had been serving as priest, it would not have been silent about him. But since all the predecessors have placed Eliasub, 304 whom they also call Eliashib, after Joachim his father, we too are compelled. Under this Artaxerxes Macrocheir the Athenians and Peloponnesians fought against each other the so-called Sacred War. At that time also Camillus served as consul among the Romans, an excellent general unjustly driven out by slander, who, not enduring to see Rome besieged by the Gauls, gathered a force and freed the city from the siege, attacking from outside and destroying the enemies. At that time also Thucydides the historian flourished among the Athenians. At that time also the Peloponnesian War began on account of the decree passed by Pericles that the Athenians should not have dealings with the Megarians, as they had insulted Aspasia his wife, and for such a reason the Megarians sided with the Lacedaemonians. At that time also Cimon the general, having flourished, was treated with ingratitude and after a short time was exiled by the Athenians, who also exiled Aristides and were ungrateful for the labors of Themistocles, so much so that he chose poison and ended his life. At that time also Democritus of Abdera, a natural philosopher, was known, and Empedocles of Akragas, and Zeno and Parmenides the philosophers, and Hippocrates of Cos, a physician; and the orators Lysias and Isaeus and Antisthenes were named, and Aristophanes the comic poet and Euripides the poet and Heraclitus the natural philosopher, in whose time they say Socrates the philosopher was also born.

KINGS OF THE MACEDONIANS The ιβʹ of the Macedonians, Archelaus, reigned for ιδʹ years. and of the

world it was the year επαʹ. The ιγʹ of the Macedonians, Orestes, reigned for γʹ years. and of the world it was the year εζεʹ. 305 SPORADICALLY In Rome Sunia a virgin, having been defiled, was buried alive. A stone fell from the sky at Aegospotami. Socrates was born. Pindar and Simonides, lyric poets, were known. The battle at Thermopylae and the sea-battle at Salamis. In Rome a certain virgin Porpila, having been condemned for corruption, was buried alive. Choerilus and Prounicus were known. The natural philosophers around Diagoras flourished. Hieron was tyrant of the Syracusans and of all Sicily. Sophocles the tragedian first made his debut. Themistocles flees to the Persians on account of the folly of the Athenians, who dies by drinking bull's blood. Democracy of Sicily. Eclipse of the sun. Anaxagoras dies. Cimon defeats the Persians at the Eurymedon in a sea-battle and a land-battle. Evenius, a poet of elegies, was known. Empedocles and Parmenides

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πλῆθος ἐπὶ πάντας· ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ἐστὶν ἁγιωτάτη τῷ κυρίῳ.» Ὡς ἐκ τούτων τεκμαίρεσθαι ἡμᾶς, μᾶλλον δὲ εἰπεῖν πληροφορεῖσθαι ὅτι αὐτὸς Ἔσδρας ἱεράτευσε μετὰ τὸν Ἰωακεὶμ υἱὸν Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ἰωσεδέκτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰουδὴθ καὶ Ὁλοφέρνου ἐν τοῖς χρόνοις Ξέρξου ἀρχιερατεύσαντα, ὡς τῆς Νεεμίου τοῦ οἰνοχόου Ἀρταξέρξου τούτου ἀναβάσεως μετὰ ιγʹ ἔτη τῆς Ἔσδρα τούτου ἀνόδου κατὰ τὸ κʹ ἔτος Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ βασιλέως. ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς Ἀρταξέρξης Μακρόχειρ καὶ τὸν ἀρχιερέα Ἔσδραν τῷ ζʹ ἔτει αὐτοῦ θεόθεν κινηθεὶς ἐξέπεμψε πρὸς διδασκαλίαν τῶν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ Ἰουδαίων, καὶ αὖθις τὸν Νεεμίαν μετὰ ιγʹ ἔτη πρὸς ἀνοικοδομὴν τῶν τειχῶν τελείαν καὶ τῆς πόλεως τῷ κʹ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ διὰ πολλὴν οἰκείωσιν δοθεῖσαν καὶ αὐτῷ ὡς θεοφιλεῖ πρὸς Ἀρ ταξέρξην καὶ αἰτησαμένῳ ἀναστῆσαι τὴν πόλιν τῶν πατέρων. Ἐπὶ τούτου δὲ Ἐλιασοὺβ ἦν ἀρχιερεὺς υἱὸς Ἰωακείμ, ὡς γέγραπται ἐν λόγοις Νεεμίου, ἐν τέλει βʹ Ἔσδρα βιβλίου, ὅτι «καὶ ἀνέστη Ἐλιασοὺβ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ ᾠκοδόμησαν τὴν πύλην τὴν προβατικήν· αὐτοὶ ἡγίασαν αὐτὴν καὶ ἔστησαν θύρας αὐτῆς.» ὥσπερ οὖν ἐν τοῖς κατὰ Νεεμίαν λόγοις ἐμνήσθη αὐτοῦ ἡ τοῦ Ἔσδρα γραφή, οὕτως ἂν καὶ ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν Ἔσδραν, εἴπερ ἱεράτευεν, οὐκ ἂν ἀπεσιώπησεν αὐτόν. πλὴν ἐπειδὴ πάντες οἱ προγενέστεροι τὸν Ἐλιασούβ, 304 ὃν καὶ Ἐλιάσιβον καλοῦσι, μετὰ Ἰωακεὶμ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἐστοιχείωσαν, ἀναγκαζόμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς. Ἐπὶ Ἀρταξέρξου τούτου τοῦ Μακρόχειρος ἐπολέμησαν Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Πελοποννήσιοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους τὸν ἱερὸν λεγόμενον πόλεμον. Τότε καὶ Κάμιλλος παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις ὑπάτευσεν ἄριστος στρατηγὸς ἀλόγως διωχθεὶς ἐκ συκοφαντίας, ὃς οὐ καρτερήσας ὁρᾶν πολιορκουμένην ὑπὸ Γάλλων τὴν Ῥώμην, δύναμιν συλλέξας ἠλευθέρωσε τῆς πολιορκίας τὴν πόλιν ἐπελθὼν ἔξωθεν καὶ διαφθείρας τοὺς πολεμίους. Τότε καὶ Θουκυδίδης ὁ συγγραφεὺς παρ' Ἀθηναίοις ἤκμαζε. Τότε καὶ ὁ Πελοποννησιακὸς συνέστη πόλεμος διὰ τὸ γεγονὸς ὑπὸ Περικλέους ψήφισμα μὴ κοινωνεῖν Μεγαρεῦσι τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, ὡς ὑβρίσασιν Ἀσπασίαν τὴν γαμετὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν τοιαύτην αἰτίαν προσθεμένων τῶν Μεγαρέων τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις. Τότε καὶ Κίμων στρατηγὸς ἀκμάσας, ἀχαριστηθεὶς μετ' οὐ πολὺν ἐξωρίσθη χρόνον ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων τῶν καὶ Ἀριστείδην ἐξορισάντων καὶ τοὺς Θεμιστοκλέους πόνους ἀγνωμονησάντων οὕτως ὡς φάρμακον αὐτὸν ἑλέσθαι καὶ καταλῦσαι τὸν βίον. Τότε καὶ ∆ημόκριτος Ἀβδηρίτης φυσικὸς φιλόσοφος ἐγνωρίζετο καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ὁ Ἀκραγαντῖνος, Ζήνων τε καὶ Παρμενίδης οἱ φιλόσοφοι καὶ Ἱπποκράτης Κῶος ἰητρός· ῥήτορες δὲ Λυσίας τε καὶ Ἰσαῖος καὶ Ἀντισθένης ὠνομάζοντο, Ἀριστοφάνης τε ὁ κωμικὸς καὶ Εὐριπίδης ποιητὴς καὶ Ἡράκλειτος φυσικὸς φιλόσοφος, καθ' οὕς φασι καὶ Σωκράτην φιλόσοφον τεχθῆναι.

ΜΑΚΕ∆ΟΝΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ Μακεδόνων ιβʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀρχέλαος ἔτη ιδʹ. τοῦ δὲ

κόσμου ἦν ἔτος επαʹ. Μακεδόνων ιγʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ὀρέστης ἔτη γʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εζεʹ. 305 ΣΠΟΡΑ∆ΗΝ Ἐν Ῥώμῃ Σουνία παρθένος φθαρεῖσα κατωρύγη ζῶσα. Λίθος ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἔπεσεν ἐν Ποταμοῖς Αἰγός. Σωκράτης ἐγεννήθη. Πίνδαρος καὶ Σιμωνίδης μελοποιοὶ ἐγνωρίζοντο. Ἡ ἐν Θερμοπύλαις μάχη καὶ ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχία. Ἐν Ῥώμῃ Πόρπιλά τις παρθένος ἐπὶ διαφθορᾷ καταγνωσθεῖσα ζῶσα κατωρύγη. Χοίριλος καὶ Προύνικος ἐγνωρίζοντο. Οἱ περὶ ∆ιαγόραν φυσικοὶ φιλόσοφοι ἤκμαζον. Ἱέρων Συρακουσίων ἐτυράννει καὶ ὅλης Σικελίας. Σοφοκλῆς τραγῳδοποιὸς πρῶτος ἐπεδείξατο. Θεμιστοκλῆς εἰς Πέρσας φεύγει διὰ τὴν Ἀθηναίων ἄνοιαν, ὃς αἷμα ταύρου πιὼν τελευτᾷ. Σικελίας δημοκρατία. Ἡλίου ἔκλειψις. Ἀναξαγόρας θνήσκει. Κίμων ἐπ' Εὐρυμέδοντι ναυμαχίᾳ Πέρσας νικᾷ καὶ πεζομαχίᾳ. Εὐήνιος ἐλεγείας ποιητὴς ἐγνωρίζετο. Ἐμπεδοκλῆς καὶ Παρμενίδης