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he says? Do you not hear Paul saying, I have great sorrow, and unceasing anguish in my heart? This very thing, therefore, is what is wonderful, that sorrow brought profit and the pleasure that comes from mourning. For just as scourges brought not pain but joy, so also sorrow in turn procured those great crowns. And this is the paradox, that in the world not only despondency, but also joy, has the ultimate loss; but in spiritual things, it is all the opposite, not only joy, but also despondency, has a great treasure of good things; and how, I will tell you. Someone in the world often rejoices when he sees an enemy suffering misfortune, and through this joy he draws great punishment upon himself; another again grieves when he sees a brother who has fallen, and through this despondency he procures for himself great favor from God. Do you see how godly sorrow is better and more useful than the joy of the world? So also Paul grieved for sinners, for those who did not believe in God, and for this sorrow he had a great reward laid up for him. But that I may make what I say clearer, and you may learn that, even if what has been said is paradoxical, it is nevertheless true, and that lamentation often knows how to restore grieving souls, and to lighten a burdened conscience, many women often, having lost most beloved children, if they are prevented from weeping and lamenting and wailing, are torn apart and perish; but if they do all the things of those who are despondent, they are lightened and receive consolation. And what is surprising, if this happens with women, when one may see the prophet himself suffering this? For this reason he said continuously: Let me alone, I will weep bitterly; do not try to comfort me for the destruction of the daughter of my people. So there is often a sorrow that brings consolation; and if this is so in the world, much more so in spiritual matters. For this reason he says: But godly sorrow produces a repentance that leads to salvation without regret. And this seems to be unclear; but what he says is this: If you grieve over money, you have gained nothing; if you grieve over sickness, you have profited nothing, but have even worn yourself out more. 3. And I for my part have heard many, after such an experience, blaming and saying to themselves: What is the profit, that I have grieved? I neither recovered the money, and I have harmed myself. But if you grieve for sin, you have both wiped it away and reaped the greatest pleasure; if you grieve for the brothers who have fallen, you have both comforted and consoled yourself, and you will win them back 49.185 again; and even if you do not help them at all, you have a very great reward. And that you may learn that this grieving for the fallen, even if we do not help at all, brings us the greatest recompense, listen to Ezekiel saying, or rather to God speaking through him: for when He sent some to destroy the city, and to consume with iron and fire all the buildings along with their inhabitants, He commands someone, saying thus: Set a mark upon the foreheads of the men who sigh and cry. And having commanded the others, and said, that "Begin at my sanctuary," He added, saying, "But do not touch those on whom is the mark." For what reason, tell me? Because even if they are of no help, yet they sigh and wail over what is happening. And again he reproaches others, saying that, living in luxury and gluttony, and enjoying great security, when they saw the Jews being led away into captivity, they did not grieve, they did not share in the despondency; and reproaching them he says, "They were not grieved at the affliction of Joseph," calling all the people Joseph; and again, "The inhabitant of Zaanan did not come out to wail at the house next to it." For even if they are punished justly, He wants us to grieve with them, but not to rejoice or to gloat. For if I, he says, who punish do not do this with joy, nor do I take pleasure in their punishment "For I have no pleasure in the death of the sinner," you also must imitate the Master, and for this very reason grieve, because just

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φησίν; οὐκ ἀκούεις Παύλου λέγοντος, Λύπη μοί ἐστι μεγάλη, καὶ ἀδιάλειπτος ὀδύνη τῇ καρδίᾳ μου; Αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι ἡ λύπη κέρδος καὶ ἡδονὴν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ πένθους ἔφερεν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ αἱ μάστιγες οὐκ ὀδύνας, ἀλλὰ χαρὰν, οὕτω καὶ ἡ λύπη πάλιν τοὺς μεγάλους ἐκείνους προεξένει στεφάνους. Καὶ τὸ παράδοξον τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι τοῦ κόσμου μὲν οὐχ ἡ ἀθυμία μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ χαρὰ ζημίαν ἔχει τὴν ἐσχάτην· ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν πνευματικῶν τοὐναντίον ἅπαν, οὐχ ἡ χαρὰ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ ἀθυμία πολὺν ἔχει τῶν ἀγαθῶν τὸν θησαυρόν· καὶ πῶς, ἐγὼ λέγω. Χαίρει τις ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πολλάκις ἐχθρὸν δυσημεροῦντα ἰδὼν, καὶ διὰ τῆς χαρᾶς ταύτης πολλὴν ἐπισπᾶται ἑαυτῷ τὴν κόλασιν· ἀλγεῖ τις πάλιν ἕτερος τὸν ἀδελφὸν πεσόντα ἰδὼν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀθυμίας ταύτης πολλὴν ἑαυτῷ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ προξενεῖ τὴν εὔνοιαν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἡ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη τῆς τοῦ κόσμου χαρᾶς βελτίων καὶ χρησιμωτέρα; Οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος ἐλυπεῖτο διὰ τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας, διὰ τοὺς ἀπιστοῦντας τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ τῆς λύπης ταύτης πολὺν εἶχεν ἀποκείμενον αὐτῷ τὸν μισθόν. Ἵνα δὲ σαφέστερον ὃ λέγω ποιήσω, καὶ μάθητε, ὡς, εἰ καὶ παράδοξον τὸ εἰρημένον, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐστὶν ἀληθὲς, καὶ οἶδεν ὁ θρῆνος πολλάκις ἀνακτᾶσθαι τὰς ὀδυνωμένας ψυχὰς, καὶ κουφίζειν συνειδὸς βεβαρημένον, πολλαὶ πολλάκις γυναῖκες ἀποβαλοῦσαι παῖδας ποθεινοτάτους, ἂν μὲν κωλυθῶσι δακρῦσαι καὶ θρηνῆσαι καὶ ὀλοφύρασθαι, διαῤῥήγνυνται καὶ ἀπόλλυνται· ἂν δὲ τὰ τῶν ἀθυμούντων ποιήσωσιν ἅπαντα, κουφίζονται καὶ παραμυθίαν λαμβάνουσι. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ ἐπὶ γυναικῶν τοῦτο συμβαίνει, ὅπου γε καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν προφήτην ἴδοι τις ἂν τοῦτο πάσχοντα; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο συνεχῶς ἔλεγεν· Ἄφετέ με, πικρῶς κλαύσομαι· μὴ κατισχύσητε παρακαλοῦντες ἐπὶ τὸ σύντριμμα τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ γένους μου. Ὥστε ἐστὶ πολλάκις λύπη παραμυθίαν φέρουσα· εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ κόσμου τοῦτο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν πνευματικῶν πραγμάτων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ἡ δὲ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀμετάβλητον κατεργάζεται. Καὶ δοκεῖ μὲν τοῦτο ἀσαφὲς εἶναι· ὃ δὲ λέγει τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Ἂν λυπηθῇς ἐπὶ χρήμασιν, οὐδὲν ὠφέλησας· ἂν λυπηθῇς ἐπὶ νοσήματι, οὐδὲν ἐκέρδανας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπέτριψας σαυτὸν μᾶλλον. γʹ. Καὶ πολλῶν ἔγωγε ἤκουσα μετὰ τὴν τοιαύτην πεῖραν αἰτιωμένων καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λεγόντων· Τί τὸ ὄφελος, ὅτι ἤλγησα; οὔτε χρήματα ἀνεκτησάμην, καὶ ἐμαυτὸν ἔβλαψα. Ἂν δὲ λυπηθῇς ἐφ' ἁμαρτίᾳ, ταύτην τε ἐξήλειψας καὶ ἐκαρπώσω μεγίστην ἡδονήν· ἂν λυπηθῇς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς τοῖς πεπτωκόσι, σαυτόν τε παρεκάλεσας καὶ παρεμυθήσω, κἀκείνους ἀνεκτήσω 49.185 πάλιν· κἂν μηδὲν ὠφελήσῃς αὐτοὺς, μεγίστην ἔχεις ἀντίδοσιν. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι τοῦτο τὸ λυπεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπτωκόσι, κἂν μηδὲν ὠφελῶμεν, μεγίστην ἡμῖν τὴν ἀμοιβὴν φέρει, ἄκουσον τοῦ Ἰεζεκιὴλ λέγοντος, μᾶλλον δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ δι' ἐκείνου λαλοῦντος· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔπεμψέ τινας κατασκάψαι τὴν πόλιν, καὶ σιδήρῳ καὶ πυρὶ δαπανῆσαι τὰ οἰκοδομήματα ἅπαντα μετὰ τῶν ἐνοικούντων αὐτῶν, κελεύει τινὶ λέγων οὕτως· ∆ὸς τὸ σημεῖον ἐπὶ τὸ πρόσωπον τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν στεναζόντων καὶ κατοδυνωμένων. Καὶ τοῖς ἑτέροις κελεύσας, καὶ εἰπὼν, ὅτι Ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων μου ἄρξασθε, ἐπήγαγε λέγων, Ἐπὶ δὲ οὕς ἐστι τὸ σημεῖον, μὴ ἅψησθε αὐτῶν. Τίνος ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι; Ὅτι εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ὅμως στένουσι τὰ γινόμενα καὶ ὀλοφύρονται. Καὶ ἑτέροις δὲ ἐγκαλεῖ λέγων πάλιν, ὅτι τρυφῶντες καὶ γαστριζόμενοι, καὶ πολλῆς ἀπολαύοντες ἀδείας, ἰδόντες τοὺς Ἰουδαίους εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ἀπαγομένους, οὐκ ἤλγησαν, οὐκ ἐκοινώνησαν τῆς ἀθυμίας· καὶ ἐγκαλῶν αὐτοῖς φησιν, Οὐκ ἔπασχον οὐδὲν ἐπὶ τῇ συντριβῇ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ, Ἰωσὴφ τὸν λαὸν καλῶν ἅπαντα· καὶ πάλιν, Οὐκ ἐξῆλθε κατοικοῦσα Αἰνὰν, κόψασθαι οἶκον ἐχόμενον αὐτῆς. Κἂν γὰρ δικαίως κολάζωνται, βούλεται συναλγεῖν ἡμᾶς, ἀλλὰ μὴ χαίρειν μηδὲ ἐφήδεσθαι. Εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ, φησὶν, ὁ κολάζων οὐ χαίρων τοῦτο ποιῶ, οὐδὲ ἥδομαι αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ Οὐ γὰρ θελήσει θέλω τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ, δεῖ καὶ σὲ τὸν ∆εσπότην μιμεῖσθαι, καὶ δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ἀλγεῖν, ὅτι δικαίας