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the word anagogically. If indeed the fathers recounted it to them, yet to us also the grace of God has given, through the coming of the Spirit, to learn their things. But how might one take these things anagogically? By applying them to the achievements of the new grace, that we were brought up to heaven, that we were deemed worthy of a kingdom, that God became man, having broken down the middle wall of partition. But let us go to the history then. The work which you wrought in their days, in the days of old. He recalls some ancient narrative, and brings forward ancient achievements. And for what reason does he not recall something new and recent? Because among men we reasonably make our narrative of recent events, and from these we draw them on, since their memory grows weak; but with God all things are known, both the old and the new alike. For behold, he says, you have known all things, the last and the first. It makes no difference whether one tells an old or a new narrative, only let it be appropriate to the subject. What then, he says, is the ancient narrative he wishes to tell? Let us hear: Your hand destroyed the nations, he says, and you planted them in; you afflicted the peoples, and cast them out. Do you recognize which war he speaks of, which victory, which trophy, or do you still need clarification from us? I think many have already understood what is said; but for the sake of those who do not know, it is necessary to add our own words. Of what trophies then does he speak? of what achievements? Of those in Egypt, of those in the wilderness, of those in the land of promise; or rather, of those in the promise. For those who came out of Egypt did not also obtain Palestine, but all fell in the wilderness. So when those born from them, and those raised in the wilderness, entered Palestine, he says, they had no need of weapons; but they took the cities at a shout, and having crossed the Jordan, they brought down the first city that met them, Jericho, as if dancing rather than fighting. For adorned with weapons not as in battles, but as in a festival and a dance they went forth, putting on their weapons for adornment rather than for safety, and wearing the sacred vestments, and having the Levites leading the ar 55.172 my, they circled the wall. And it was possible to see a wonderful and strange spectacle, so many thousands of soldiers marching in order and rhythm, in much quiet and discipline, as if no one were present, accomplishing everything with that harmony of the trumpets. Let those who make a disturbance in church be ashamed. For if where trumpets were sounding there was such good order, where God himself speaks, what pardon will they obtain who through their own noises drive out the precision of their hearing? But for what reason, he says, did he not make mention of those from Egypt? Because all of them fell, because they paid the penalty. And for what reason did they all perish? Because they sinned greatly. And from this He also arranged another thing, that those who were about to receive Palestine should be without sight of the evils in Egypt, of the superstition, of all the impiety, and should have no teacher of such great wickedness. For so they were preoccupied by the custom of the Egyptians, so they were captured, that after so many wonders they did not even in the wilderness purely shake off the remnants of the error. And if they had also taken the Canaanites as teachers more grievous than the former ones, to where would not the matters of their impiety have run aground? For this very reason He kept those who were born in the wilderness, until their descendants came to the age of men. 4. And we do not say these things speaking from ourselves, but proving them from the Scriptures. For through Ezekiel, God reproaches them for this very thing, that having led them into the wilderness and having spoken many things, He was not heard. But for what reason weapons

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ἀναγωγὴν τὸ ῥῆμα. Εἰ μὲν καὶ ἐκείνοις οἱ πατέρες διηγήσαντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμῖν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάρις ἔδωκε διὰ τῆς ἐπιφοιτήσεως τοῦ Πνεύματος μαθεῖν τὰ ἐκείνων. Πῶς δὲ ἄν τις κατὰ ἀναγωγὴν αὐτὰ ἐκλάβοι; Εἰς τὰ τῆς καινῆς χάριτος ἕλκων κατορθώματα, ὅτι πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνενέχθημεν, ὅτι βασιλείας ἠξιώθημεν, ὅτι Θεὸς ἄνθρωπος γέγονε, τὸ μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ λύσας. Ἀλλ' ἴωμεν ἐπὶ τὴν ἱστορίαν λοιπόν. Ἔργον ὃ εἰργάσω ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν, ἐν ἡμέραις ἀρχαίαις. Παλαιοῦ τινος διηγήματος μέμνηται, καὶ ἀρχαῖα παράγει κατορθώματα. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐ νέου τινὸς μέμνηται καὶ προσφάτου; Ὅτι παρὰ μὲν ἀνθρώποις εἰκότως τῶν προσφάτων ποιούμεθα τὴν διήγησιν, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων αὐτοὺς ἐπισπώμεθα, ἅτε τῆς μνήμης αὐτοῖς ἐξασθενούσης· παρὰ δὲ Θεῷ πάντα γνωστὰ, ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ παλαιὰ καὶ τὰ νέα. Ἰδοὺ γὰρ, φησὶ, σὺ ἔγνως πάντα, τὰ ἔσχατα καὶ τὰ ἀρχαῖα. Οὐδὲν διαφέρει ἄν τε παλαιόν τις, ἄν τε νέον εἴπῃ διήγημα, μόνον οἰκεῖον τῷ ὑποκειμένῳ ἔστω. Ποῖον οὖν, φησὶ, διήγημα ἀρχαῖον λέγειν βούλεται; Ἀκούσωμεν· Ἡ χείρ σου ἔθνη ἐξωλόθρευσε, φησὶ, καὶ κατεφύτευσας αὐτούς· ἐκάκωσας λαοὺς, καὶ ἐξέβαλες αὐτούς. Ἆρα ἐπέγνωτε ποῖον λέγει πόλεμον, ποίαν νίκην, ποῖον τρόπαιον, ἢ τῆς παρ' ἡμῶν ἔτι δεῖσθε σαφηνείας; Ἤδη μὲν οἶμαι πολλοὺς συνεωρακέναι τὸ λεγόμενον· διὰ δὲ τοὺς ἀγνοοῦντας ἀναγκαῖον καὶ τὰ παρ' ἡμῶν προσθεῖναι. Ποίων οὖν τροπαίων μέμνηται; ποίων κατορθωμάτων; Τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, τῶν ἐν τῇ γῇ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας· μᾶλλον δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ. Οὐ γὰρ οἱ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐξελθόντες, οὗτοι καὶ τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἐπέτυχον, ἀλλὰ πάντες ἔπεσον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ. Ὅτε γοῦν οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνων τεχθέντες, καὶ οἱ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τραφέντες, εἰσῄεσαν εἰς Παλαιστίνην, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐδέησεν αὐτοῖς ὅπλων· ἀλλ' αὐτοβοεὶ τὰς πόλεις εἷλον, καὶ διαβάντες τὸν Ἰορδάνην, τὴν πρώτην αὐτοῖς ἀπαντήσασαν πόλιν τὴν Ἱεριχὼ, καθάπερ χορεύοντες μᾶλλον ἢ πολεμοῦντες κατήνεγκαν. Κεκοσμημένοι γὰρ ὅπλοις οὐχ ὡς ἐν μάχαις, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐν πανηγύρει καὶ χορείᾳ ἐξῄεσαν, ἀντὶ καλλωπισμοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀσφαλείας τὰ ὅπλα περιθέμενοι, καὶ τὰς ἱερὰς στολὰς περικείμενοι, καὶ προηγουμένους ἔχοντες τοῦ στρα 55.172 τοπέδου τοὺς Λευΐτας, ἐκύκλουν τὸ τεῖχος. Καὶ ἦν ἰδεῖν θέαμα θαυμαστὸν καὶ παράδοξον, χιλιάδας τοσαύτας στρατοπέδων ἐν τάξει καὶ ῥυθμῷ βαινόντων, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ καὶ κόσμῳ πολλῷ, ὡς οὐδενὸς παρόντος, μετὰ τῆς ἁρμονίας ἐκείνης τῶν σαλπίγγων τὸ πᾶν κατορθούντων. Αἰσχυνέσθωσαν οἱ θορυβοῦντες ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ. Εἰ γὰρ ἔνθα σάλπιγγες ἤχουν, τοσαύτη ἦν εὐταξία, ἔνθα αὐτὸς ὁ Θεὸς φθέγγεται, τίνος τεύξονται συγγνώμης οἱ διὰ τῶν οἰκείων θορύβων τῆς ἐκείνων ἀκοῆς τὴν ἀκρίβειαν ἐκκρούοντες; Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐμνημόνευσε τῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου; Ἐπειδὴ πάντες ἔπεσον, ἐπειδὴ δίκην ἔδοσαν. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν πάντες ἀπώλοντο; Ἐπειδὴ τὰ μεγάλα ἥμαρτον. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ ἕτερον ᾠκονόμει, τὸ τοὺς μέλλοντας τὴν Παλαιστίνην ἀπολαμβάνειν ἀθεάτους εἶναι τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ κακῶν, τῆς δεισιδαιμονίας, τῆς ἀσεβείας ἁπάσης, καὶ μηδένα διδάσκαλον ἔχειν τῆς τοσαύτης πονηρίας. Οὕτω γὰρ προκατείχοντο τῇ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων συνηθείᾳ, οὕτως ἦσαν ἁλόντες, ὡς μετὰ τοσαῦτα θαύματα μηδὲ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἀποτρίψασθαι καθαρῶς τῆς πλάνης τὰ λείψανα. Εἰ δὲ καὶ Χαναναίους ἔλαβον διδασκάλους τῶν προτέρων χαλεπωτέρους, ποῦ οὐκ ἂν ἐξώκειλε τὰ τῆς ἀσεβείας αὐτοῖς; ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο κατεῖχεν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς ἐρήμου τοὺς τεχθέντας, ἕως εἰς ἀνδρῶν ἡλικίαν ἦλθε τὰ ἔγγονα τὰ ἐκείνων. δʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ οἴκοθεν φθεγγόμενοι λέγομεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν ἀποδεικνύοντες. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦ Ἰεζεκιὴλ τοῦτο αὐτὸ ὁ Θεὸς ὀνειδίζει αὐτοῖς, ὅτι εἰς τὴν ἔρημον αὐτοὺς ἀγαγὼν καὶ πολλὰ διαλεχθεὶς οὐκ ἠκούετο. Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν ὅπλα