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natural philosophers were becoming known. Zeno and Heraclitus the obscure were flourishing. Tribunes and aediles were chosen in Rome, when consuls no longer existed. The Romans sent for laws from Greece, from which they composed the twelve tables. 306 YEARS OF THE WORLD 4th High Priest, Joda, 36 years. And the year of the world was 5082. 5th High Priest, John, 32 years. And the year of the world was 5118. 6th High Priest, Jaddua, 20 years. And the year of the world was 5150. Manasseh, brother of the high priest Jaddua, built the temple of Samaria on Mount Gerizim. KINGS OF THE PERSIANS The 8th king of the Persians was Xerxes, son of Artaxerxes, who reigned for 2 months. The 9th king of the Persians was Sogdianus, who reigned for 7 months. And the year of the world was 5007. The 10th king of the Persians was Darius Nothus, who reigned for 19 years after killing Sogdianus. And the year of the world was 5071. During the time of this man called Darius Nothus, the disaster of the Athenians occurred in Sicily, and Egypt revolted from the Persians. At that time also Polydamas of Scotussa, having won the pancratium, came to be with Ochus the king of the Persians after some years, handling lions and fighting naked against armed men, being of immense size and very strong. The 11th king of the Persians was Artaxerxes, son of Darius Nothus, also called Mnemon, who reigned for 40 years. And the year of the world was 5110. Eusebius says: during his time, it seems to me, occurred the history of Esther, if indeed he is the one who among the Hebrews is Ahasuerus, and among the Septuagint translators is Artaxerxes. In the 32nd year of Artaxerxes, son of Darius Nothus, Alexander, son of Philip, king of the Macedonians, was born of Olympias. During the time of Artaxerxes Mnemon, Cyrus his brother, son of Darius Nothus and Parysatis, dwelling in Asia, marched against his 307 brother for the kingdom with a multitude of a Greek army, with Xenophon the historian being with him, who wrote of his Anabasis. And when the war was joined beyond the Tigris river at a distance of 360 stades according to Xenophon, Cyrus fell wounded, but the Greeks defeated the Persians. But Artaxerxes, being unable to defeat the Greeks with arms, nor persuading them to return untroubled, treacherously broke the truce and killed the generals through Tissaphernes. But Xenophon, taking charge of the Greeks, led them away and brought them safely to Greece through warlike nations, returning to Byzantium on the Euxine sea. And from there, having come into Thrace and having handed them over to Seuthes, king of the Thracians, he sent the Lacedaemonians to assist Thibron, having conveyed them across to Pergamum to the one commanding the fleet of the Lacedaemonians. The 12th king of the Persians was Ochus, also the son of Artaxerxes, who reigned for 5 years, but according to some, 20. And the year of the world was 5150. Ochus, son of Artaxerxes, marching into Egypt, took a partial captivity of the Jews, some of whom he settled in Hyrcania by the Caspian sea, and others in Babylon, who are there even to this day, as many of the Greeks record. This Ochus, having ruled Egypt for 2 years, is killed by a certain Bagoas, a Persian of high rank. He also razed Sidon. Up to Ochus and Nectanebo, Manetho described the 31 dynasties of Egypt of the third book for 150 years; but the things after these are from Greek writers. 15 kings of the Macedonians. This Ochus, having marched into Egypt while his father Artaxerxes was still living, as others also say, after this conquered Egypt, when Nectanebo fled, according to some, into Ethiopia, but according to others, into Macedonia; at which time, having been united with Olympias through magic, he had a son Alexander, who was considered to be the son of the god Ammon. 308 The 13th king of the Persians was Arses, brother of Ochus, who reigned 4 years. And the year of the world was 5155. The 14th king of the Persians was Darius, son of Armousamos, who reigned 6 years. And the year of the world was 5159. This Darius, the son of Armousamos, joining battle with Alexander at the Issus river of Cilicia, is defeated. According to Josephus, Darius son of Arsamus, whom Alexander deposed, sent a certain Sanballat the Cuthite as satrap in Judaea. Of him, Nikas, the brother of Jaddua the high priest at that time, also called Manasseh, became son-in-law by his daughter, whom Sanballat, not being able to in Jerusalem

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φυσικοὶ φιλόσοφοι ἐγνωρίζοντο. Ζήνων καὶ Ἡράκλειτος ὁ σκοτεινὸς ἤκμαζον. ∆ήμαρχοι ἐν Ῥώμῃ καὶ ἀγορανόμοι ᾑρέθησαν μηκέτι ὄντων ὑπά των. Νόμους ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος Ῥωμαῖοι μετεστείλαντο, ἀφ' ὧν τὰς δώδεκα δέλτους συνέθηκαν. 306 ΚΟΣΜΟΥ ΕΤΗ Ἀρχιερεὺς δʹ Ἰωδαὲ ἔτη λςʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος επβʹ. Ἀρχιερεὺς εʹ Ἰωάννης ἔτη λβʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εριηʹ. Ἀρχιερεὺς ςʹ Ἰαδδοῦς ἔτη κʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ερνʹ. Μανασσῆς ἀδελφὸς Ἰαδδοῦς ἀρχιερέως ᾠκοδόμησε τὸ ἐν Γαριζεὶν ἱερὸν Σαμαρείας. ΠΕΡΣΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ Περσῶν ηʹ ἐβασίλευσε Ξέρξης υἱὸς Ἀρταξέρξου μῆνας βʹ. Περσῶν θʹ ἐβασίλευσε Σογδιανὸς μῆνας ζʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εζʹ. Περσῶν ιʹ ἐβασίλευσε ∆αρεῖος ὁ Νόθος ἀνελὼν Σογδιανὸν ἔτη ιθʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εζαʹ. Κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν ἐπικληθέντα ∆αρεῖον Νόθον ἡ Ἀθηναίων συμφορὰ γέγονεν ἐν Σικελίᾳ, καὶ Αἴγυπτος ἀπέστη Περσῶν. Τότε δὴ καὶ Πολυδάμας Σκοτουσαῖος παγκράτιον νικήσας παρ' Ὤχῳ τῷ Περσῶν βασιλεῖ γέγονε μετὰ χρόνους, λέοντας διαχρώμενος καὶ ὡπλισμένοις γυμνὸς πολεμῶν, παμμεγέθης ὑπάρχων καὶ ἀλκιμώτατος. Περσῶν ιαʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀρταξέρξης, υἱὸς ∆αρείου Νόθου, ὁ καὶ Μνήμων, ἔτη μʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εριʹ. Εὐσέβιός φησι· κατὰ τοῦτόν μοι δοκεῖ ἡ κατὰ τὴν Ἐσθὴρ ἱστορία, εἰ δὴ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ παρὰ μὲν Ἑβραίοις Ἀσούηρος, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς οʹ ἑρμηνευταῖς Ἀρταξέρξης. Τῷ λβʹ ἔτει Ἀρταξέρξου υἱοῦ ∆αρείου Νόθου Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Φιλίππου Μακεδόνων βασιλεὺς ἐξ Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐγεννήθη. Ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ Μνήμονος Κῦρος ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ, ∆αρείου τοῦ Νόθου παῖς καὶ Παρυσάτιδος, οἰκῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ, ἐπιστρατεύει κατὰ τοῦ 307 ἀδελφοῦ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας μετὰ πλήθους Ἑλληνικοῦ στρατοπέδου, συνόντος αὐτῷ Ξενοφῶντος ἱστορικοῦ τοῦ γράψαντος τὴν ἀνάβασιν αὐτοῦ. πολέμου δὲ συστάντος ὑπὲρ τὸν Τίγριν ποταμὸν σταδίοις τξʹ κατὰ τὸν Ξενοφῶντα, πίπτει μὲν τρωθεὶς ὁ Κῦρος, κρατοῦσι δὲ τῶν Περσῶν Ἕλληνες. Ἀρταξέρξης δὲ μηδ' ὅπλοις κρατεῖν Ἑλλήνων ἰσχύων μηδ'ἀταράχως ἐπανελθεῖν πείθων, παρασπονδήσας δόλῳ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς διὰ Τησαφέρνους ἀνεῖλε. Ξενοφῶν δὲ τοὺς Ἕλληνας παραλαβών, ἀπαχθεὶς εἰς Ἑλλάδα διέσωσε διὰ μαχίμων ἐθνῶν ἐπὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον πόντον ἐπανελθὼν εἰς Βυζάντιον, κἀκεῖθεν ἐλθὼν εἰς Θρᾴκην, Σεύθῃ τῷ Θρᾳκῶν βασιλεῖ παραδοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους συμμαχήσοντας Θίβρωνι παρέπεμψε διαβιβά σας εἰς Πέργαμον ναυαρχοῦντι τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων. Περσῶν ιβʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ὦχος ὁ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου παῖς ἔτη εʹ, κατὰ δὲ τινὰς κʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ερνʹ. Ὦχος Ἀρταξέρξου παῖς εἰς Αἴγυπτον στρατεύων μερικὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν εἷλεν Ἰουδαίων, ὧν τοὺς μὲν ἐν Ὑρκανίᾳ κατῴκισε πρὸς τῇ Κασπίᾳ θαλάσσῃ, τοὺς δὲ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι, οἳ καὶ μέχρι νῦν εἰσιν αὐτόθι, ὡς πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἱστοροῦσιν. Οὗτος ὁ Ὦχος κρατήσας Αἰγύπτου βʹ ἔτη ἀναιρεῖται ὑπὸ Βαγώου τινὸς Πέρσου τῶν ἐν τέλει. Ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ Σιδῶνα κατέσκαψεν. Ἕως Ὤχου καὶ Νεκτανεβὼ ὁ Μανεθῶ τὰς λαʹ δυναστείας Αἰγύπτου περιέγραψε τρίτου τόμου ἔτη ανʹ, τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐξ Ἑλληνικῶν συγγραφέων. Μακεδόνων βασιλεῖς ιεʹ. Οὗτος ὁ Ὦχος εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐπιστρατεύσας ἔτι ζῶντος τοῦ πατρὸς Ἀρταξέρξου, ὡς καὶ ἄλλοι, μετὰ ταῦτα ἐκράτησεν Αἰγύπτου, φυγόντος Νεκτανεβώ, ὡς τινές, εἰς Αἰθιοπίαν, ὡς δὲ ἕτεροι, εἰς Μακεδονίαν· ἡνίκα καὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι μιχθεὶς διὰ γοητείας υἱὸν ἔσχεν Ἀλέξανδρον Ἄμμωνοςεἶναι θεοῦ υἱὸν νομιζόμενον. 308 Περσῶν ιγʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀρσῆς Ὤχου ἀδελφὸς ἔτη δʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ερνεʹ. Περσῶν ιδʹ ἐβασίλευσε ∆αρεῖος Ἀρμουσάμου ἔτη ςʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ερνθʹ. Οὗτος ὁ ∆αρεῖος ὁ Ἀρμουσάμου συμβαλὼν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἐν Ἰσσῷ ποταμῷτῆς Κιλικίας ἡττᾶται. Ἰωσήππου ∆αρεῖος Ἀρσάμου, ὃν Ἀλέξανδρος καθεῖλε, Σαναβαλλέτην τινὰ Χουσαῖον σατράπην ἔπεμψεν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ. τούτου γαμβρὸς ἐπὶ θυγατρὶ γέγονε Νικᾶς ὁ τοῦ τηνικαῦτα ἀρχιερέως Ἰαδδοῦς ἀδελφός, ὁ καὶ Μανασσῆς, ὃν μὴ δυνηθεὶς Σαναβαλλέτης εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ