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grasps the unveiled matter, and such is every rational, purified nature which does not bear the covering of manifold evil, then it too is seen as a spiritual light, or rather, it also makes them a spiritual light. “For the prize,” he says, “of virtue is to become God and to be illumined by the purest light, becoming a Son of that day which is not interrupted by darkness; for another sun makes this, the one flashing forth the true light, who, whenever he once shines upon us, is no longer hidden in settings, but embracing all things with his own illuminating power, he creates in the worthy a continuous and unending light, making those who partake of that light other suns.” For then also “the righteous will shine forth like the sun.” Like what sun? Like that one, surely, which then and now appears to the worthy.

Do you see how they acquire the very energy of the sun of righteousness? This is why various divine signs and the supply of the Holy Spirit are accomplished through them. “For just as this,” he says, “terrestrial air, when pushed upward by the force of the Spirit, becomes luminous, being transformed into the pure ether, so too the human mind, having left behind this murky and squalid life, whenever it becomes luminous by the power of the Spirit and is mingled with the true and high purity, somehow itself shines forth in it and is filled with rays and becomes light according to the promise of the Lord, who promised that the righteous will shine like the sun.” (p. 634) We see this happening on earth also in the case of a mirror, or water; for having received the ray of the sun, they produce another ray from themselves. So we too, if leaving behind the terrestrial darkness we should be above, will become luminous, having drawn near to the true light of Christ, or if the true light, “that which shines in the darkness,” should descend even to us, we too will be light, just as the Lord somewhere says to his disciples. Thus the deifying gift of the Spirit is an ineffable light and makes divine those who have become rich in it, not only filling them with eternal light, but also bestowing knowledge and a life befitting God. Thus Paul lived no longer the created life, but “the eternal life of the one who dwelt within” according to the divine Maximus; thus the prophets saw as existing things that had not yet come to be; thus he saw God who saw him spiritually not by an alien, but by a natural symbol; but I do not call a natural symbol of God that which is only a symbol that is seen or heard by sense as sense and is effected through the air; since, when a seeing eye sees not as an eye, but as having been opened by the power of the Spirit, it sees God not by an alien symbol, and this we call sensation beyond sensation.

A sign of that light, however, is the cessation of unseemly pleasures and passions that arises in the soul, peace and stability of thoughts, rest and spiritual joy, contempt for the glory of men, humility joined with ineffable exultation, hatred of the world, love of heavenly things, or rather of the God of the heavens alone; and in addition to these, even if someone should not only cover the eyes of the one seeing at that time, but even gouge them out, he sees the light no less brightly. How then could anyone be persuaded by the one who declares this to be visible through the air and of no benefit to a rational soul, as pertaining to the (p. 636) bodily senses? But that beholder, understanding that he is not beholding by sense as sense, thinks that he sees with the mind; but examining and considering, he does not find even that to be active with respect to that light; and this is what we call intellection beyond intellection, saying this through these things, that the one who has mind and sensation sees, but beyond both of these. But not of the great Dionysius towards

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ὑλης ἀπερικαλύπτως ἐχούσης ἐπιλάβηται, τοιαύτη δέ ἐστι πᾶσα λογική κεκαθαρμένη φύσις τό τῆς πολυειδοῦς κακίας οὐκ ἐπιφερομένη κάλυμμα, τηνικαῦτα καί αὐτή φῶς πνευματικόν ὁρᾶται, μᾶλλον δέ κἀκείνους φῶς ποιεῖ πνευματικόν. «Ἆθλον» γάρ, φησίν, «ἀρετῆς Θεόν γενέσθαι καί τῷ καθαρωτάτῳ φωτί καταστράπτεσθαι, τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης Υἱόν γενόμενον, ἥ μή διακόπτεται ζόφῳ˙ ἄλλος γάρ ταύτην ποιεῖ ἥλιος, ὁ τό ἀληθινόν φῶς ἀπαστράπτων, ὅς, ἐπειδάν ἅπαξ ἐπιφαύσῃ ἡμῖν, οὐκέτι ἐν δυσμαῖς κρύπτεται, ἀλλά πάντα τῇ φωτιστικῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει περιπτυξάμενος, διηνεκές καί ἀδιάδοχον τοῖς ἀξίοις τό φῶς ἐμποιεῖ καί αὐτούς τούς μετέχοντας τοῦ φωτός ἐκείνου ἄλλους ἡλίους ἀπεργαζόμενος». Τότε γάρ καί «οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος». Ὡς ποῖος ἥλιος; Ὡς ἐκεῖνος δήπουθεν ὁ τότε καί νῦν τοῖς ἀξίοις φαινόμενος.

Ὁρᾷς ὅπως αὐτήν προσκτῶνται τήν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ ἡλίου τῆς δικαιοσύνης; ∆ιό καί θεοσημίαι διάφοροι καί χορηγία Πνεύματος ἁγίου τελεῖται δι᾿ αὐτῶν. «Ὡς γάρ καί ὁ περίγειος», φησίν, «οὗτος ἀήρ ἀνωσθείς ὑπό τῆς βίας τοῦ Πνεύματος φωτοειδής γίνεται, τῷ καθαρῷ τοῦ αἰθέρος ἐναλλοιούμενος, οὕτω καί ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἀνθρώπινος, καταλιπών τόν θολερόν τοῦτον καί αὐχμώδη βίον, ἐπειδάν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πνεύματος φωτοειδής γένηται καί ἐμμιχθῇ τῇ ἀληθινῇ καί ὑψηλῇ καθαρότητι, διαφαίνεταί πως καί αὐτός ἐν ἐκείνῃ καί ἀκτίνων ἐμπίπλαται καί φῶς γίνεται κατά τήν τοῦ Κυρίου ὑπόσχεσιν, ὅς τούς δικαίους λάμψειν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἐπηγγείλατο». (σελ. 634) Τοῦτο καί ἐπί γῆς ὁρῶμεν γινόμενον ἐπί κατόπτρου, ἤ ὕδατος˙ δεξάμενα γάρ τήν τοῦ ἡλίου ἀκτῖνα, ἄλλην ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτῶν ἀκτῖνα ποιεῖ. Καί ἡμεῖς τοίνυν, εἴτε καταλιπόντες τό περίγειον σκότος ἄνω γενοίμεθα, φωτοειδεῖς γενησόμεθα, τῷ ἀληθινῷ φωτί τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐμπελάσαντες, εἴτε τό φῶς τό ἀληθινόν, «τό ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ λάμπον», καί μέχρις ἡμῶν καταβαίη, καί ἡμεῖς φῶς ἐσόμεθα, καθά πού φησι τοῖς μαθηταῖς ὁ Κύριος. Οὔτως ἡ θεοποιός δωρεά τοῦ Πνεύματος φῶς ἐστιν ἀπόρρητον καί φῶς ποιεῖ θεῖον τούς πλουτήσαντας αὐτήν, οὐ φωτός μόνον πληρώσασα τούτους ἀϊδίου, ἀλλά καί γνῶσιν καί ζωήν θεοπρεπῆ χαρισαμένη. Οὕτως ὁ Παῦλος οὐκέτι τήν κτιστήν ζωήν, ἀλλά «τήν τοῦ ἐνοικήσαντος ἀΐδιον ζωήν» κατά τόν θεῖον ἔζη Μάξιμον˙ οὕτως οἱ προφῆται ὡς ὄντα ἑώρων τά μήπω γεγονότα˙ οὕτως εἶδε τόν Θεόν ὅστις οὐκ ἀλλοτρίῳ, ἀλλά φυσικῷ συμβόλῳ πνευματικῶς ἑώρακεν αὐτόν˙ οὐ φυσικόν δέ λέγω σύμβολον Θεοῦ ὅ καί τοῦτ᾿ αὐτό μόνον σύμβολόν ἐστιν ὅπερ ἄν αἰσθήσει ᾖ αἰσθήσει βλέπηταί τε ἤ ἀκούηται καί δι᾿ ἀέρος ἐνεργῆται˙ ἐπεί, ὅταν ὀφθαλμός ὁρῶν οὐχ ὡς ὀφθαλμός ὁρᾷ, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πνεύματος διανοιχθείς, οὐκ ἀλλοτρίῳ σύμβόλῳ τόν Θεόν ὁρᾷ, καί τοῦθ᾿ ἡμεῖς αἴσθησιν ὑπέρ αἴσθησίν φαμεν.

Γνώρισον μέντοι τοῦ φωτός ἐκείνου, κατάπαυσις τῶν μή καλῶν ἡδονῶν τε καί παθῶν ἐγγινομένη τῇ ψυχῇ, λογισμῶν εἰρήνη καί κατάστασις, ἀνάπαυσις καί χαρά πνευματική, περιφρονήσις ἀνθρώπων δόξης, ταπείνωσις ἀγαλλιάσει ἀπορρήτῳ συνημμένη, κόσμου μῖσος οὐρανίων ἔρως, μᾶλλον δέ μόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐρανῶν˙ πρός δέ τούτοις, εἰ καί τούς ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ βλέποντος οὐ περικαλύψειέ τις τινηκαῦτα μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἐξορύξειεν, οὐδέν ἧττον τηλαυγῶς ὁρᾷ τό φῶς. Πῶς ἄν οὖν πεισθείη τις τῷ δι᾿ ἀέρος ὁρατόν τοῦτο ἀποφαινομένῳ καί μηδέν λογικῇ ψυχῇ λυσιτελές, ὡς ταῖς (σελ. 636) σωματικαῖς αἰσθήσεσι προσῆκον; Ἀλλ᾿ ὁ θεατής ἐκεῖνος, νοῶν ὡς οὐ τῇ αἰσθήσει ᾗ αἰσθήσει θεώμενός ἐστι, νῷ οἴεται ὁρᾶν˙ ἐξετάζων δέ καί ἀνασκοπούμενος, οὐδ᾿ ἐκεῖνον εὑρίσκει περί τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο ἐνεργοῦντα˙ καί τοῦτ᾿ ἔστιν ὅ νόησιν ὑπέρ νόησίν φαμεν, τοῦτο διά τούτων λέγοντες, ὡς ὁ ἔχων νοῦν καί αἴσθησιν ὁρᾷ, ὑπέρ ταῦτα δέ ἀμφότερα. Μή μέντοι τοῦ μεγάλου ∆ιονυσίου πρός