141

When you hear Timothy saying, “leave behind the senses and the intellectual energies and be lifted up to that which truly is,” do not think that man is then unable to think or to see (for he does not suffer a loss of these faculties, unless it be through ecstasy), but learn that the intellectual energies are entirely left behind by the light of union and the energy according to it. And Peter, the leader and foundation of the Church, clearly shows this. For during that hour of the holy Pentecost, in which he was deemed worthy of the ineffable and divine union, he both knew those who were enlightened with him and saw those who were gathered together and heard what was said before them and was aware of the time of day; for “it is the third,” he says, “hour of the day.” “For that those who are energized should be in ecstasy when the human intellect is overshadowed by the energy of the Holy Spirit is contrary to the promise of the divine visitation. For one possessed by God does not become frantic; and indeed, what reason is there for one to become like a madman from the Spirit of wisdom?”; for this light is the wisdom of God, engendered in the deified one and not separated from God for “through it,” he says, “all knowledge is revealed and God in truth is made known to the beloved soul,” but also righteousness and holiness and freedom. Hear Paul, “where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom”; and again, “who became for us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and (p. 638) redemption.” Hear Basil the Great, “that which is moved by the Holy Spirit has an eternal motion, it became a holy living being; and man, when the Spirit came to dwell in him, received the dignity of a prophet, an apostle, an angel, of God, though he was formerly 'earth and ashes'.” Hear the golden tongue of John, “the mouth through which God speaks is the mouth of God; for just as this is the mouth of our soul, although the soul does not have a mouth, so also the mouth of the prophets is the mouth of God.” Hear the Lord sealing these things; for after saying “I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries will not be able to contradict or resist,” He added, “for it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.”

It is not possible, therefore, to use this wisdom badly. And why do I say use? For it is not even possible to acquire it at all without having first been purified through practice; and this is what is said by the wise Solomon, that “wisdom will not enter a deceitful soul, nor dwell in a body that is in debt to sin”; for even if it first comes to dwell in us who have used the introductory virtues well, when we change for the worse, it flies away. “For the holy spirit of discipline will flee from deceitful thoughts,” according to the same Solomon. But the wisdom that comes from nature and from learning, even one who is wicked in his ways might acquire and might use it in accordance with his ways, just as with nature. At any rate, this wisdom falls as short of spiritual wisdom as nature falls short of the Spirit. Where, then, are those who say that we acquire the wisdom of the prophets and apostles through learning?

But that spiritual wisdom is also given through that light, (p. 640) hear two saying the same thing together. “For to the blessed,” he says, “Paul the light that shone on the road, through which he was also caught up to the third heaven and became a hearer of ineffable mysteries, was not some illumination of thoughts and knowledge, but an illumination of the power of the good Spirit in substance in the soul, whose exceeding brightness the eyes of the flesh, unable to bear, were blinded, through which all knowledge is revealed and God in truth to the worthy and beloved soul

141

Τιμόθεον λέγοντος ἀκούων, ὡς «τάς αἰσθήσεις κατάλιπε καί τάς νοεράς ἐνεργείας καί πρός τό ὄντως ὄν ἀνατάθητι», μή δύνασθαι λογίσῃ τότε τόν ἄνθρωπον διανοεῖσθαι ἤ ὁρᾶν (οὐ γάρ ἀποβολήν πάσχει τούτων τῶν δυνάμεων, εἰ μή κατ᾿ἔκπληξιν), τοῦ δέ κατά τήν ἔνωσιν φωτός καί τῆς κατά τοῦτο ἐνεργείας τάς νοεράς ἐνεργείας παντάπασιν ἀπολιμπάνεσθαι διδάσκου. Καί τοῦτο δείκνυσι σαφῶς ὁ κορυφαῖος καί θεμέλιος τῆς Ἐκκλησίας Πέτρος. Κατά γάρ τήν ὥραν τῆς ἱερᾶς Πεντηκοστῆς ἐκείνην, καθ᾿ ἥν τῆς ἀπορρήτου καί θείας ἠξιοῦτο ἑνώσεως, καί τούς συμπεφωτισμένους ἤδει καί τούς συνειλεγμένους ἑώρα καί τῶν πρό αὐτῶν λεγομένων ἠκροᾶτο καί τοῦ διαστήματος τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπῃσθάνετο˙ «τρίτη» γάρ, φησίν, «ἐστίν ὥρα τῆς ἡμέρας». «Τό γάρ ἐπικαλυπτομένου τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου νοῦ παρά τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐξεστηκότας τούς ἐνεργομένους γίνεσθαι παρά τήν ἐπαγγελίαν ἐστί τῆς θείας ἐπιδημίας. Οὐ γάρ ἔκφρων γίνεται ὁ θεόληπτος˙ ὅλως δέ, τίνα λόγον ἔχει ἐκ τοῦ τῆς σοφίας Πνεύματος μεμηνότι παραπλήσιον γίνεσθαι»; τό φῶς γάρ τοῦτο σοφία ἐστί Θεοῦ, ἐγγινομένη τῷ τεθεωμένῳ καί μή χωριζομένη τοῦ Θεοῦ «δι᾿ αὐτοῦ» γάρ, φησί, «πᾶσα γνῶσις ἀποκαλύπτεται καί Θεός πρός ἀλήθειαν τῇ φιλουμένῃ ψυχῇ γνωρίζεται», ἀλλά καί δικαιοσύνη καί ἁγιότης καί ἐλευθερία. Ἄκουσον Παύλου, «ὅπου τό Πνεῦμα Κυρίου, ἐκεῖ ἐλευθερία»˙ καί πάλιν, «ὡς ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν σοφία ἀπό Θεοῦ καί δικαιοσύνη καί ἁγιασμός καί (σελ. 638) ἀπολύτρωσις». Ἄκουσον τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου, «τό κινηθέν ὑπό Πνεύματος ἁγίου κίνησιν ἀΐδιον, ζῶον ἅγιον ἐγένετο˙ ἔσχε δέ ἀξίαν ἄνθρωπος, Πνεύματος εἰσοικισθέντος ἐν αὐτῷ, προφήτου, ἀποστόλου, ἀγγέλου, Θεοῦ, ὤν πρότερον " γῆ καί σποδός"». Ἄκουσον τοῦ χρυσοῦ τήν γλῶτταν Ἰωάννου, «τό στόμα δι᾿ οὗ ὁ Θεός φθέγγεται στόμα ἐστί Θεοῦ˙ καθάπερ γάρ τοῦτο τό στόμα τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν ἐστι, καίτοι ψυχῆς οὐκ ἐχούσης στόμα, οὕτω καί τό στόμα τῶν προφητῶν στόμα ἐστί Θεοῦ». Ἄκουσον ἐπισφραγιζομένου ταῦτα τοῦ Κυρίου˙ μετά γάρ τό εἰπεῖν «δώσω ἡμῖν στόμα καί σοφίαν ᾗ οὐ δυνήσονται ἀντειπεῖν οὐδέν ἀντιστῆναι πάντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοι ὑμῖν», ἐπήνεγκεν˙ «οὐ γάρ ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες, ἀλλά τό Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρός ὑμῶν τό λαλοῦν ἐν ὑμῖν».

Ταύτῃ γοῦν τῇ σοφίᾳ χρήσασθαι κακῶς οὐκ ἔνι. Καί τί λέγω χρήσασθαι; καί γάρ οὐδέ κτήσασθαι ταύτην ἔνι τήν ἀρχήν μή προκαθηράμενον διά πράξεως˙ καί τοῦτό ἐστι τό παρά τοῦ σοφοῦ Σολομῶντος λεγόμενον, ὅτι «εἰς κακότεχνον ψυχήν οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται σοφία, οὐδέ κατοικήσει ἐν σώματι καταχρέῳ ἁμαρτίας»˙ εἰ γάρ καί φθάσει τήν ἀρχήν ἡμῖν ἐνῳκισμένη ταῖς εἰσαγωγικαῖς καλῶς κεχρημένοις ἀρεταῖς, μεταβαλλόντων ἡμῶν ἐπί τό χεῖρον ἀφίπταται. «Πνεῦμα γάρ ἅγιον παιδείας ἐπαναστήσεται ἀπό λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων», κατά τόν αὐτόν Σολομῶντα. Τήν δ᾿ ἐκ φύσεώς τε καί μαθήσεως σοφίαν κτήσαιτ᾿ ἄν τις καί τῶν τούς τρόπους πονηρῶν καί χρήσαιτ᾿ ἄν ταύτῃ καταλλήλως τοῖς τρόποις, ὥσπερ καί τῇ φύσει. Τοσοῦτο γοῦν αὕτη τῆς πνευματικῆς σοφίας ἀποδεῖ, ὁπόσον καί τοῦ Πνεύματος ἡ φύσις. Ποῦ τοιγαροῦν εἰσιν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι διά μαθήσεως τήν τῶν προφητῶν καί ἀποστόλων σοφίαν κτώμεθα;

Ὅτι δέ διά τοῦ φωτός ἐκείνου καί ἡ πνευματική σοφία δίδοται, (σελ. 640) σύνδυο κατά ταὐτόν λεγόντων ἄκουσον. «Τῷ γάρ μακαρίῳ», φησί, «Παύλῳ τό ἐλλάμψαν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ φῶς, δι᾿ οὗ καί εἰς τρίτον οὐρανόν ἦρται καί μυστηρίων ἀλαλήτων ἀκουστής ἐγένετο, οὐ νοημάτων τις καί γνώσεως φωτισμός ἦν, ἀλλά δυνάμεως τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ Πνεύματος καθ᾿ ὑπόστασιν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἔλλαμψις, οὗ τήν ὑπερβολήν τῆς λαμπρότητος οἱ τοῖς σαρκός ὀφθαλμοί μή διηνεγκότες ἀπετυφλώθησαν, δι᾿ οὗ πᾶσά γε γνῶσις ἀποκαλύπτεται καί Θεός πρός ἀλήθειαν τῇ ἀξίᾳ και φιλουμένῃ ψυχῇ