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God is infinitely infinitely exalted above participants», namely, of that beginningless, which is to say uncreated, goodness and holiness and virtue. Therefore, the super-essential essence of God is not simply these things, neither the uncreated goodness, nor the eternal glory or life and such things. For of these also (p. 662) God is exalted as cause. And we call Him Life and Goodness and such things, naming Him from the representative energies and powers of that super-essentiality, since, according to the great Basil, the natural energy of this essence has been established as the confirmation of every essence, leading the mind to the nature; and according to the divine Gregory of Nyssa and all the other fathers, «a natural energy is the power revelatory of every essence, of which only non-being is deprived; for being, partaking of some essence, will also certainly partake of the power that naturally reveals it». But also as being whole in each of the divine energies, we name him from each, from which it is also shown that he is exalted above all of these. For how, when there are many divine energies, could he be wholly and indivisibly present in each, and be seen and called whole from each on account of the super-natural quality of his partless simplicity, if he were not exalted above them all?

And indeed there are some of the energies of God which had a beginning and an end, as all the saints will testify. For if this man, who thinks he knows all things precisely, considers everything that has a beginning to be created—which is why, having said that there is one thing without beginning, the essence of God, he added as a contrast, «but things other than this are of a created nature»—even if he believes that all things that have a beginning are created, we for our part know that all the energies of God are uncreated, but not all are without beginning. For if not of the creative power, yet of the action according to it, that is, of the energy according to created things, there was a beginning and an end, and this Moses showed when he said «God rested from all his works which he had begun to do». How then could that super-essentiality not be something other than its own energies? But will he say that the beginningless energies are the same as it? (p. 664) But there are some of these which had an end, even if not a beginning, as the great Basil has also said concerning the foreknowledge of God. Therefore the super-essential essence of God is not the same even as the beginningless energies, through which it is shown not only that it is exalted above every energy whatsoever, but also «infinitely infinitely» so, according to Maximus, so great in divine matters.

And the blessed Cyril says, «A divine energy and power is for God to be everywhere and to penetrate all things, but to be contained by none». Therefore, this is not the nature of God, to be everywhere, if indeed for us our nature is not just this, to be somewhere. For how could that which is in no way an essence be our essence? Therefore, in God essence and energy are not at all the same, even if He is shown whole in each energy on account of the partlessness of his essence. And John Chrysostom says that «an essential energy of God is to be nowhere, not by not existing, but by being beyond place and time and nature». You, therefore, who know no difference between essence and energy, will perhaps say that to be nowhere is not *of* the essence, but is the essence of God. And the great Basil says, «How is it not ridiculous to say that the creative is essence, again that the providential is essence, likewise the foreknowing, and simply to posit every energy as essence?». And the divine Maximus says, «Goodness, and whatever is contained in the concept of goodness, and simply all life and immortality and as many things as are contemplated essentially with God are works of God and have not been worked temporally; for 'it was not' is never prior to virtue, nor to any of the other things mentioned, even if the things partaking of them began to be in time according to them». Therefore none of such things is the essence of

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μεθεκτῶν ἀπειράκις ἀπείρως ὁ Θεός ὑπερεξῄρηται», τῆς ἀνάρχου δηλαδή, ταὐτόν δ᾿ εἰπεῖν ἀκτίστου, ἐκείνης ἀγαθότητος καί ἁγιότητος καί ἀρετῆς. Οὔκουν ταῦθ᾿ ἁπλῶς ἡ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν οὔθ᾿ ἠ ἄκτιστος ἀγαθότης οὔτε ἠ ἀΐδιος δόξα ἤ ζωή καί τά τοιαῦτα. Καί τούτων γάρ (σελ. 662) ὡς αἴτιος ὁ Θεός ὑπερεξῄρηται. Ζωήν δέ λέγομεν αὐτόν καί ἀγαθότητα καί τά τοιαῦτα, καλοῦντες αὐτόν ἀπό τῶν παραστατικῶν ἐνεργειῶν τε καί δυνάμεων τῆς ὑπερουσιότητος ἐκείνης, ἐπεί, κατά τόν μέγαν Βασίλειον, πίστωσις πάσης οὐσίας ἡ κατά φύσιν καθέστηκε ταύτης ἐνέργεια, τόν νοῦν ἐπί τήν φύσιν ἀνάγουσα˙ κατά δέ τόν Νύσσης θεῖον Γρηγόριον καί τούς ἄλλους πατέρας ἅπαντας, «ἐνέργειά ἐστι φυσική ἡ δηλωτική πάσης οὐσίας δύναμις, ἧς μόνον ἐστέρηται τό μή ὄν˙ τό γάρ ὄν, οὐσίας τινός μετέχον, καί τῆς δηλούσης αὐτήν φυσικῶς μεθέξει πάντως δυνάμεως». Ἀλλά καί ὡς ὅλον ἐν ἑκάστῃ ὄντα τῶν θεοπρεπῶν ἐνεργειῶν, ἀφ᾿ ἑκάστης ὀνομάζομεν αὐτόν, ἀφ᾿ οὗ διαδείκνυται καί τό πασῶν τούτων ὑπερεξῃρῆσθαι. Πῶς γάρ πολλῶν οὐσῶν θεοπρεπῶν ἐνεργειῶν, ὅλος ἐν ἑκάστῃ παντάπασιν ἀμερίστως ἐνυπῆρχεν ἄν καί ἀφ᾿ ἑκάστης ὅλος ἑωρᾶτό τε καί ἐκαλεῖτο διά τό τῆς ἀμεροῦς ἁπλότητος ὑπερφυές εἰ μή τούτων ἁπασῶν ὑπερανέστηκε;

Καί μήν εἰσίν αἵ τῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐνεργειῶν ἀρχήν καί λῆξιν ἔσχον, ὡς καί τοῦτο πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι συμμαρτυρήσουσιν. Εἰ γάρ καί ὁ πάντα δοκῶν ἀκριβῶς γινώσκειν οὗτος τήν ἀρχήν ἔχον ἅπαν καί κτιστόν ἡγεῖται, διό καί ἕν εἶναι φήσας ἄναρχον, τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐπήνεγκεν ὡς ἀντιδιῃρημένον, «τά δέ παρά ταύτην γενητῆς ὑπάρχει φύσεως», εἰ γοῦν ἐκεῖνος τά ἀρχήν λαβόντα καί κτιστά ἅπαντα δοξάζειν, ἀλλ᾿ ἡμεῖς πάσας μέν τά τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐνεργείας ἀκτίστους ὑπαρχούσας οἴδαμεν, οὐ πάσας δέ ἀνάρχους. Εἰ γάρ καί μή τῆς δημιουργικῆς δυνάμεως, ἀλλά τῆς κατά ταύτην πράξεως, δηλαδή τῆς κατά τά δεδημιουργημένα ἐνεργείας, γέγονεν ἀρχή καί τέλος, καί τοῦτ᾿ ἔδειξεν ὁ Μωϋσῆς εἰπών «κατέπαυσεν ὁ Θεός ἀπό πάντων τῶν ἔργων, ὧν ἤρξατο ποιῆσαι», πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἄλλο παρά τάς οἰκείας ἐνεργείας ἡ ὑπερουσιότης ἐκείνη εἴη; Ἀλλ᾿ ἐρεῖ τάς ἀνάρχους ἐνεργείας ταὐτόν ἐκείνῃ εἶναι; (σελ. 664) Ἀλλ᾿ εἰσιν αἵ τῶν τούτων τέλος ἔσχον, εἰ καί μή ἀρχήν, ὅ καί περί τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ προγνώσεως ὁ μέγας εἴρηκε Βασίλειος. Οὐκ ἄρα ταὐτόν οὐδέ τοῖς ἀνάρχοις ἐνεργείαις ἡ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ, δι᾿ ὧν καί ὅτι πάσης ἐνεργείας οἱσδηποτοῦν οὐ μόνον ὑπερεξῃρημένη δείκνυται ἐκείνη, ἀλλά καί «ἀπειράκις ἀπείρως» κατά τόν πολύν τά θεῖα Μάξιμον.

Ὁ δέ μακάριος Κύριλλος, «ἐνέργεια» φησί, «θεοπρεπής καί δύναμίς ἐστι τό εἶναι πανταχῇ καί χωρεῖν μέν διά πάντων τόν Θεόν, χωρεῖσθαι δέ ὑπ᾿ οὐδενός». Οὐ τοίνυν τοῦτο φύσις Θεοῦ, τό εἶναι πανταχοῦ, εἴπερ μηδέ ἡμῖν φύσις ἐστί τοῦτο μόνον, τό εἶναί που. Τό γάρ μηδαμῶς οὐσία ὄν, πῶς ἄν ἡμῶν οὐσία εἴη; Οὐκ ἄρα ταὐτόν παντάπασιν ἐπί Θεοῦ οὐσία καί ἐνέργεια, εἰ καί ὅλος ἐν ἑκάστῃ ἐνεργείᾳ δείκνυται διά τό τῆς οὐσίας ἀμερές. Ἰωάννης δέ ὁ Χρυσορρήμων «οὐσιώδη ἐνέργειαν» φησί «Θεοῦ τό μηδαμοῦ εἶναι, οὐ τῷ μή εἶναι, ἀλλά τῷ ὑπερεῖναι τόπου καί χρόνου καί φύσεως». Σύ τοίνυν τάχα καί τό μηδαμοῦ εἶναι οὐ τῆς οὐσίας, ἀλλ᾿ οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐρεῖς, ὁ μηδεμίαν διαφοράν εἰδώς οὐσίας τε καί ἐνεργείας. Ὁ δέ μέγας Βασίλειος, «πῶς οὐ καταγέλαστον», φησί, «τό δημιουργικόν οὐσίαν εἶναι λέγειν, τό προνοητικόν πάλιν οὐσίαν, τό προγνωστικόν ὡσαύτως καί ἁπαξαπλῶς πᾶσαν ἐνέργειαν οὐσίαν τίθεσθαι;». Μάξιμος δέ ὁ θεῖος, «ἡ ἀγαθότης» φησί, «καί πᾶν εἴ τι ἀγαθότητος ἐμπεριέχεται λόγῳ καί ἁπλῶς πᾶσα ζωή καί ἀθανασία καί ὅσα περί τόν Θεόν οὐσιωδῶς θεωρεῖται ἔργα Θεοῦ εἰσι καί οὐκ ἠργμένα χρονικῶς˙ οὐ γάρ ποτε πρεσβύτερον ἀρετῆς τό οὐκ ἦν, οὐδέ τινος ἄλλου τῶν εἰρημένων, κἄν τά μετέχοντα αὐτῶν κατ᾿ αὐτά ἦρκται τοῦ εἶναι χρονικῶς». Οὐδέν ἄρα τῶν τοιούτων οὐσία τοῦ