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to shudder; and not even to think we are on earth, but as if in the middle of the marketplace, we make a din, we are in turmoil, discussing things that have nothing to do with us, we waste the entire time of the assembly. When, therefore, both in small things and in great, both in hearing and in doing, both outside and inside the church, we are so careless, and with all these things we also pray against our enemies, from where shall we have hope of salvation, adding to so many sins another difficult addition, of equal weight to these, this lawless prayer? Is it then just to be surprised if something unexpected and grievous happens to us, when we ought to be surprised when it does not happen? For the one is a consequence of the state of things; but the other is beyond all reason and expectation. For it is indeed beyond reason, for us, having become enemies of God and provoking Him, to enjoy the sun and rains and all other things, men who surpass the cruelty of wild beasts, and stand against one another, and bloody their tongues with bites against their neighbors, after the spiritual table, and so many good deeds, and countless commandments. Therefore, considering these things, let us vomit out the venom, let us dissolve our enmities, and let us make the prayers that are fitting for us; instead of the wildness of demons, let us receive the gentleness of angels; and however much we may have been wronged, considering our own faults, and the reward laid up for us for this commandment, let us soften our anger, let us calm the waves, so that we may both pass through the present life without turmoil, and departing from there we may find the Master to be such as we have been to our fellow servants. But if this is heavy and dreadful, let us make it light and desirable, and let us open the bright doors of boldness towards him; and what we have not been able to accomplish by abstaining from sins, this let us accomplish by becoming gentle to those who have sinned against us (for this is not heavy, nor burdensome); and by doing good to our enemies, let us lay up for ourselves much mercy in advance. For thus also in the present life all will love us, and before all others God will both love and crown us, and will deem us worthy of all the good things to come; of which may it be that we all attain, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the power for ever and ever. Amen.

57.285 HOMILY 20. Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites,

of a sad countenance. For they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast.

1. It would be well here to groan deeply and to lament bitterly. For not only do we imitate the

hypocrites, 57.286 but we have even surpassed them. For I know, I know many, not only fasting and making a display, but even not fasting and putting on the masks of those who fast, and putting forward an excuse worse than the sin.

For that I may not offend, he says, the many, I do this. What do you 57.287 say? There is a divine law that commands these things, and you are mindful of offense? and while keeping it, you think you are causing offense, but by transgressing it, you are removing offense? and what could be worse than this absurdity?

Will you not cease from becoming worse than the hypocrites, and practicing a double hypocrisy? and considering the great excess of this wickedness, will you not be ashamed of the emphasis of this phrase? For he did not say simply that they are hypocrites, but wishing to rebuke them more severely, he says: For they disfigure their faces, that is, they corrupt, they destroy them. And if this is the disfigurement of a face, to appear pale for vainglory, what could we say about the women who corrupt their faces with cosmetics and paintings, to the ruin of licentious young men? For they indeed themselves

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φρίττειν· καὶ μηδὲ ἐπὶ γῆς νομίζειν εἶναι, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐν ἀγορᾷ μέσῃ θορυβοῦμεν, ταράττομεν, τὰ μηδὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὄντα διαλεγόμενοι ἅπαντα ἀναλίσκομεν τῆς συνάξεως τὸν καιρόν. Ὅταν οὖν καὶ ἐν μικροῖς καὶ ἐν μεγάλοις, καὶ ἐν ἀκροάσει καὶ ἐν πράξει, καὶ ἔξω καὶ ἔνδον ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ οὕτως ὦμεν ῥᾴθυμοι, καὶ μετὰ τούτων ἁπάντων καὶ κατ' ἐχθρῶν εὐχώμεθα, πόθεν ἕξομεν σωτηρίας ἐλπίδα, τοῖς τοσούτοις ἁμαρτήμασι προσθήκην ἑτέραν χαλεπὴν καὶ τούτων ἀντίῤῥοπον, τὴν παράνομον ταύτην προστιθέντες εὐχήν; Ἔτι οὖν θαυμάζειν δίκαιον, ἂν συμβῇ τι τῶν ἀδοκήτων ἡμῖν καὶ λυπηρῶν, δέον ὅταν μὴ συμβῇ θαυμάζειν; Ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἀκολουθίας· τοῦτο δὲ ὑπὲρ λόγον πάντα καὶ προσδοκίαν. Καὶ γὰρ ὑπὲρ λόγον, ἐχθροὺς τοῦ Θεοῦ γενομένους καὶ παροργίζοντας αὐτὸν, ἀπολαύειν ἡλίου καὶ ὑετῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων, ἀνθρώπους θηρίων ὠμότητα νικῶντας, καὶ κατ' ἀλλήλων ἱσταμένους, καὶ τοῖς τῶν πλησίον δήγμασι τὴν γλῶτταν αἱμάττοντας, μετὰ τὴν τράπεζαν τὴν πνευματικὴν, καὶ τὰς τοσαύτας εὐεργεσίας, καὶ τὰ μυρία παραγγέλματα. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἐννοοῦντες, ἐμέσωμεν τὸν ἰὸν, καταλύσωμεν τὰς ἔχθρας, καὶ τὰς ἡμῖν πρεπούσας εὐχὰς ποιώμεθα· ἀντὶ δαιμόνων θηριωδίας, ἀγγέλων λάβωμεν ἡμερότητα· καὶ ὅσα ἂν ὦμεν ἠδικημένοι, τὰ ἡμέτερα αὐτῶν ἐννοήσαντες, καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ ταύτης τῆς ἐντολῆς κείμενον ἡμῖν μισθὸν, μαλάξωμεν τὴν ὀργὴν, καταστείλωμεν τὰ κύματα, ἵνα καὶ τὸν παρόντα βίον ἀταράχως διέλθωμεν, καὶ ἀπελθόντες ἐκεῖ τοιούτου τύχωμεν τοῦ ∆εσπότου, οἷοι περὶ τοὺς συνδούλους γεγόναμεν. Εἰ δὲ βαρὺ τοῦτο καὶ φοβερὸν, ποιήσωμεν αὐτὸ κοῦφον καὶ ποθεινὸν, καὶ τὰς τῆς παῤῥησίας τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν λαμπρὰς ἀνοίξωμεν θύρας· καὶ ὅπερ οὐκ ἰσχύσαμεν ἀνύσαι διὰ τοῦ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπέχεσθαι, τοῦτο ἀνύσωμεν διὰ τοῦ γεγενῆσθαι τοῖς ἡμαρτηκόσιν εἰς ἡμᾶς ἥμεροι (οὐδὲ γὰρ βαρὺ τοῦτο, οὐδὲ ἐπαχθές)· καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς εὐεργετοῦντες τοὺς ἡμετέρους, πολὺν ἑαυτοῖς προαποθώμεθα ἔλεον. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον ἅπαντες ἡμᾶς ἀγαπήσουσι, καὶ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ὁ Θεὸς καὶ φιλήσει, καὶ στεφανώσει, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἡμᾶς ἀγαθῶν ἀξιώσει πάντων· ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

57.285 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Κʹ. Ὅταν δὲ νηστεύητε, μὴ γίνεσθε ὥσπερ οἱ ὑπο κριταὶ,

σκυθρωποί. Ἀφανίζουσι γὰρ τὰ πρόσ ωπα αὐτῶν, ὅπως φανῶσι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύοντες.

αʹ. Καλὸν ἐνταῦθα στενάξαι μέγα καὶ ἀνοιμῶξαι πικρόν. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον τοὺς

ὑποκριτὰς μιμούμεθα, 57.286 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκείνους παρεληλύθαμεν. Οἶδα γὰρ, οἶδα πολλοὺς, οὐχὶ νηστεύοντας καὶ ἐπιδεικνυμένους μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μὴ νηστεύοντας καὶ τὰ τῶν νηστευόντων προσωπεῖα περικειμένους, καὶ ἀπολογίαν χείρονα τῆς ἁμαρτίας προβαλλομένους. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ σκανδαλίσω, φησὶ, τοὺς πολλοὺς, τοῦτο ποιῶ. Τί λέ 57.287 γεις; Νόμος ἐστὶ θεῖος ὁ ταῦτα κελεύων, καὶ σκανδάλου μέμνησαι; καὶ φυλάττων μὲν αὐτὸν, σκανδαλίζειν νομίζεις, παραβαίνων δὲ, ἀπαλλάττειν σκανδάλου; καὶ τί ταύτης τῆς ἀλογίας χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἄν; Οὐ παύσῃ καὶ τῶν ὑποκριτῶν χείρων γινόμενος, καὶ διπλῆν τὴν ὑπόκρισιν ἐργαζόμενος; καὶ πολλὴν τῆς κακίας ταύτης τὴν ὑπερβολὴν ἐννοῶν, οὐκ αἰσχυνθήσῃ τῆς λέξεως ταύτης τὴν ἔμφασιν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ὑποκρίνονται ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ καθάψασθαι μειζόνως βουλόμενος, φησίν· Ἀφανίζουσι γὰρ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν, τουτέστι, διαφθείρουσιν, ἀπολλύουσιν. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἀφανισμὸς προσώπου, τὸ πρὸς κενοδοξίαν ὠχρὸν φαίνεσθαι, τί ἂν εἴποιμεν περὶ τῶν ἐπιτρίμμασι καὶ ὑπογραφαῖς διαφθειρουσῶν τὰ πρόσωπα γυναικῶν, ἐπὶ λύμῃ τῶν ἀκολάστων νέων; Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς