144

already his wife from the battle at Issus together with her mother and children. And he rules a Persian kingdom along with the barbarian way of life. And having been also in the Caucasus he overcomes the local barbarians, having come to the Maeotian lake. And from there having moved on to the Indians and having conquered every Indian nation up to the river Ganges he withdraws again by way of the Indus river as far as the Indian sea, and so he returns to Assyria, to Babylon, holding all of Europe and Asia in his hand. And he ends his life there, having fallen ill with a disease. And after a short time his body is buried in Alexandria in Egypt, which he himself had built after the battle at Issus, having subdued Tyre and Gaza and the other cities except for Jerusalem for the reason that will be set forth next, having come from Palestine to Egypt; Therefore the body is buried, having been sent to Alexandria by 319 Aridaeus his brother on his father's side, who after Alexander ruled the Macedonians, having been renamed Philip by them, with Alexander son of the great Alexander by Roxane, the daughter of Darius, for nearly 7 years. Therefore, from his reign the times of the handy tables are taken according to Ptolemy and the calculations are made according to the restitution of the Egyptian year. Therefore, as much as was necessary to set forth in summary concerning the rule of the Macedonians before the reign of Alexander has already been set out up to his time. It is worthwhile now to speak also of the more notable men who succeeded him in leadership, them too in summary. After the death of Alexander, the leadership is divided: for the Macedonians, as has already been said, Aridaeus his brother on his father's side by Philinna the Thessalian, surnamed Philip because of the Macedonians' longing for his father Philip, and Alexander, son of Alexander by Roxane the daughter of Oxyartes; then also the rest, each for himself, of whom the leaders were Ptolemy son of Lagus, who obtained the kingdom of Egypt by lot, Seleucus Nicator that of Syria and Cilicia as far as Babylon, Perdiccas, who had received the ring from Alexander, is placed over Greater Phrygia, Lysimachus receives the leadership of the territory to the right for those sailing the Pontus, Antigonus rules Lesser Phrygia and Pamphylia and Lycia, Eumenes obtains Paphlagonia and Cappadocia by lot, Cassander son of Antipater, with his father, administers the kingdom of Aridaeus and Alexander among the Macedonians and holds power over Greece. All these things coincide with the 115th Olympiad, at the beginning of which, or before it began, Olympias, the mother of Alexander, kills Aridaeus, having been sent 320 by Aeacus the king of Epirus, or having fled him and come to the Macedonians; for it is told in two ways. Therefore, having killed him along with his wife in the seventh year of his reign after Alexander, she herself after a short time is killed by Cassander son of Antipater; and she began to rule the Macedonians with the two sons of Alexander, both the one by Pharsine the daughter of Pharnabazus, called Heracles, and the aforementioned Alexander by Roxane the daughter of Oxyartes, king of the Bactrians, whom Cassander also killed, and having cast out Olympias unburied, he proclaimed himself king of the Macedonians, having married Thessalonike the wife of king Philip, and having reigned for 19 years, and having died from a wasting disease, leaving three sons, Philip, Alexander and Antipater; of whom Philip was the first to rule the Macedonians after his father Cassander, dying in Elateia, and Antipater, having killed Thessalonike his own mother for conspiring with his brother Alexander concerning the kingship, flees to Pontus to Lysimachus and is killed by him, although he had married his daughter. And Alexander marries Lysandra the daughter of Ptolemy, but is killed by Demetrius Poliorcetes, having summoned him to be an ally against his younger brother Antipater, and Demetrius rules the Macedonians. This man was the son of Antigonus, who had obtained Lesser Phrygia by lot, as

144

ἤδη τὴν αὐτοῦ γαμετὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Ἰσσῷ μάχης σὺν τῇ μητρί τε καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις. βασιλεύει δὲ βασιλείαν Περσικὴν ἅμα τῇ βαρβάρῳ διαίτῃ. γενόμενος δὲ καὶ ἐν Καυκάσῳ κρατεῖ τῶν αὐτόθι βαρβάρων Μαιώτιδος λίμνης ἐλθών. κἀκεῖθεν μεταχωρήσας ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς παντός τε κρατήσας ἔθνους Ἰνδικοῦ μέχρι ποταμοῦ Γάγγου πάλιν ἀναζεύγνυσι διὰ τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ ποταμοῦ μέχρι τῆς Ἰνδικῆς θαλάσσης, καὶ οὕτως εἰς τὴν Ἀσσυρίαν ἐπάνεισι Βαβυλῶνα, πᾶσαν ἔχων Εὐρώπην ὑπὸ χεῖρα καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν. τελευτᾷ δὲ τὸν βίον ἐκεῖ νόσῳ καμών. θάπτεται δὲ μετὰ βραχὺ τὸ σῶμα εἰς τὴν κατ' Αἴγυπτον Ἀλεξάνδρειαν, ἣν μετὰ τὴν ἐν Ἰσσῷ μάχην αὐτὸς ᾠκοδομήσατο, Τύρον καὶ Γάζαν καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς πόλεις παραστησάμενος πλὴν Ἱεροσολύμων διὰ τὴν ἑξῆς παρατεθησομένην αἰτίαν, ἐκ Παλαιστίνης εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐλθών· θάπτεται οὖν τὸ σῶμα σταλὲν εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν ὑπὸ 319 Ἀριδαίου ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ πρὸς πατρός, ὃς μετὰ Ἀλέξανδρον ἦρξε Μακεδόνων, μετονομασθεὶς ὑπ' αὐτῶν Φίλιππος, σὺν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἐκ Ῥωξάνης τῆς ∆αρείου παιδὸς τοῦ μεγάλου Ἀλεξάνδρου, ἐγγὺς ἔτη ζʹ. ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς οὖν τούτου οἱ χρόνοι τῶν προχείρων κανόνων κατὰ Πτολεμαῖον ληφθέντες καὶ τὰ κατὰ ἀποκατάστασιν Αἰγυπτιακοῦ ἔτους ψηφίζονται. Ὅσα μὲν οὖν ἐχρῆν πρὸ τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου βασιλείας περὶ τῆς Μακεδόνων ἀρχῆς παραθέσθαι συνοπτικῶς ἤδη προτέτακται μέχρις αὐτοῦ. λοιπὸν δὲ καὶ τοὺς μετ' αὐτὸν διαδεξαμένους τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐπισημοτέρους ἄξιον εἰπεῖν καὶ αὐτοὺς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ. Μετὰ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τελευτὴν διαιροῦνται τὴν ἡγεμονίαν Μακεδόνων μέν, ὡς ἤδη λέλεκται, Ἀριδαῖος ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ πρὸς πατρὸς ἐκ Φιλίννης τῆς Θετταλῆς ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Φίλιππος πόθῳ τῶν Μακεδόνων τῷ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Φίλιππον, καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος παῖς Ἀλεξάνδρου ἐκ Ῥωξάνης τῆςὈξυάρτου· εἶτα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἕκαστος, ὧν οἱ προὔχοντες ἦσαν Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Λάγου κληρωσάμενος τὴν Αἰγύπτου βασιλείαν, Σέλευκος ὁ Νικάτωρ Συρίας καὶ Κιλικίας μέχρι Βαβυλῶνος, Περδίκκας ὁ λαβὼν παρὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου τὸν δακτύλιον ἐπὶ τῆς μεγάλης τάττεται Φρυγίας, Λυσίμαχος τὴν εἰς δεξιὰ τοῖς πλέουσι τὸν Πόντον ἡγεμονίαν παραλαμβάνει, Ἀντίγονος Φρυγίας τῆς μικρᾶς καὶ Παμφυλίας καὶ Λυκίας ἄρχει, Εὐμένης Παφλαγονίας καὶ Καππαδοκίας κληροῦται, Κάσανδρος ὁ Ἀντιπάτρου σὺν τῷ πατρὶ τὴν Ἀριδαίου καὶ Ἀλεξάνδροδιοικεῖ βασιλείαν ἐν Μακεδόσι καὶ τῆς Ἑλλάδος κρατεῖ. Ταῦτα πάντα συντρέχει κατὰ τὴν ριεʹ ὀλυμπιάδα, καθ' ἣν ἀρχομένην, ἢ πρὶν ἄρξασθαι, τὸν Ἀριδαῖον Ὀλυμπιὰς κτείνει ἡ Ἀλεξάνδρου μήτηρ ἡ 320 παρὰ Αἰακοῦ σταλεῖσα τοῦ βασιλέως Ἠπείρου, ἢ τοῦτον φυγοῦσα καὶ πρὸς Μακεδόνας ἐλθοῦσα· διττῶς γὰρ ἱστορεῖται. τοῦτον μὲν οὖν ἀνελοῦσα σὺν τῇ γαμετῇ ἑβδόμῳ ἔτει τῆς μετὰ Ἀλέξανδρον βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὴ μετὰ βραχὺν χρόνον ἀναιρεῖται ὑπὸ Κασάνδρου τοῦ Ἀντιπάτρου· βασιλεύει δὲ Μακεδόνων ἀρξαμένη σὺν δύο παισὶν Ἀλεξάνδρου, τῷ τε ἐκ Φαρσίνης τῆς Φαρναβάζου Ἡρακλεῖ καλουμένῳ καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῷπρορρηθέντι ἐκ Ῥωξάνης τῆς θυγατρὸς Ὀξυάρτου Βακτρῶν βασιλέως, οὓς καὶ αὐτοὺς ὁ Κάσανδρος ἀνελών, τὴν δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ ἄταφον ἐκρίψας, ἑαυτὸν Μακεδόσι βασιλέα ἀνηγόρευσε, γήμας τὴν Φιλίππου τοῦ βασιλέως γαμετὴν Θεσσαλονίκην, καὶ βασιλεύσας ἔτη ιθʹ, φθινάδι τε νόσῳ διαλυθείς, ἐπὶ τρισὶν υἱοῖς, Φιλίππῳ, Ἀλεξάνδρῳ καὶ Ἀντιπάτρῳ· ὧν Φίλιππος πρῶτος ἦρξε μετὰ Κάσανδρον τὸν πατέρα Μακεδόνων ἐν Ἐλατείᾳ θανών, Ἀντίπατρος δὲ Θεσσαλονίκην ἀνελὼν τὴν ἰδίαν μητέρα συμπράττουσαν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τἀδελφῷ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας εἰς Πόντον φεύγει πρὸς Λυσίμαχον καὶ ἀναιρεῖται ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, καίπερ γήμας θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ. Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ Λυσάνδραν τὴν Πτολεμαίου γαμεῖ, παρὰ ∆ημητρίου δὲ ἀναιρεῖται τοῦ Πολιορκητοῦ, συμμαχήσειν κατὰ Ἀντιπάτρου τοῦ νεωτέρου ἀδελφοῦ τοῦτον προσκαλεσάμενος, καὶ ἄρχει Μακεδόνων ∆ημήτριος. Ὁ Ἀντιγόνου μὲν παῖς οὗτος τοῦ τὴν μικρὰν κληρωσαμένου Φρυγίαν, ὡς