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of the tenth king, Xisuthros, so called by them, they said a great flood occurred; and they say that Xisuthros, having embarked upon a ship with his wife and his relatives and the irrational animals, having been warned by the gods and saved, upon the mountains of Armenia and after the flood offered thanksgiving sacrifices to the gods, having altered almost everything from Moses. For two thousand two hundred and forty-two, and additionally ten generations, the people remained in the land beyond, and in the tenth, I mean Noah, when the flood occurred they crossed over by means of the ark; for they themselves call this Noah, Xisuthros. They are clear in having altered the days into years, or rather having multiplied the years by ten thousand, they said the ten kings lived for two thousand two hundred and forty-two myriads of years, which Moses numbered as two thousand two hundred and forty-two years from Adam until the flood of Noah. 12.2 Similarly Timaeus, the philosopher, also describes this earth as being encircled by the Ocean, and the Ocean by the land beyond. For he posits a certain island Atlantis in the west, outside in the Ocean towards Gades, large and indescribable, and says that ten kings, having hired the nations inhabiting it, came from the land beyond and waged war on Europe and Asia, and were afterwards defeated by the Athenians, and that the island itself was submerged by God. Both Plato and Aristotle praise him, and Proclus writes a commentary on him, and this man says similar things to us, having altered the account and saying the west instead of the east, and moreover he himself mentioned the ten generations and the land beyond the Ocean. And simply put, they are all clearly taking from Moses and setting things forth as their own. 12.3 For those who wrote the Chaldean histories, as being more ancient and more eastern, mentioned in their own writings both the flood and the tower-building, seeing with their own eyes the tower and its construction, which the people of that time, supposedly devising it on account of the flood, made for themselves as a refuge and salvation. But those after them, having read Moses and finding that Noah was the tenth from Adam, in whose time the flood occurred, they also fabricated ten kings who had reigned among them for two thousand two hundred and forty-two myriads of years, as was said before, of whom the first is Aloros, that is Adam, the second Alaparos, Seth, the third Almelon, Enos,the fourth Ammenon, Cainan, the fifth Ammegalaros, Maleleel, the sixth Daonos the shepherd, Jared, the seventh Euedoragchos, Enoch, the eighth Amempsina(n)chos, Methuselah, the ninth Otiortes, Lamech, the tenth Xisuthros, Noah. In his time they say the great flood occurred, according to Moses. 12.4 And those who wrote the Egyptian histories, that is Manetho and Chaeremon and Apollonius Molon and Lysimachus and Apion the Grammarian, mention Moses and the exodus of the sons of Israel from Egypt. For as Egyptians and recorders of Egyptian affairs, they themselves appropriately narrate the events that occurred in those places, who also slander Moses as one who stirred up sedition and roused a multitude of vagabonds and lepers and drove them out of Egypt, and who went away to Mount Sinai and to Jerusalem and were called Jews. 12.5 And simply put, the Chaldeans and Egyptians in a certain way, as being more ancient than the Greeks, bear witness to the divine Scripture, that both the flood in the time of Noah occurred and the tower-building and the exodus of the sons of Israel from Egypt. But the Greeks, being of a later generation and having learned to write only late, and having settled far from the east somewhere in the west, and living farther from both Judaea and Egypt, were ignorant of such things, having received them neither by sight nor by hearing. Therefore, even to the present they disbelieve the divine Scripture, both the Old and New Testament, considering the things in it to be myths. 12.6 But the Chaldeans

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δὲ τοῦ δεκάτου βασιλέως Ξισούθρου, παρ' αὐτῶν οὕτω καλουμένου, γενέσθαι ἔφησαν μέγαν κατακλυσμόν· ἐμβάντα δὲ εἰς πλοῖον τὸν Ξίσουθρον σὺν τῇ γαμετῇ καὶ τοῖς συγγενέσι καὶ τοῖς ἀλόγοις, χρηματισθέντα ὑπὸ θεῶν καὶ διασωθέντα λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη τῆς Ἀρμενίας καὶ μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμὸν θύσαντα θυσίας εὐχαριστηρίους τοῖς θεοῖς, πάντα σχεδὸν μεταπλάσαντες τὰ Μωϋσέως. ∆ισχιλίας διακοσίας τεσσαράκοντα δύο γὰρ καὶ προσέτι δέκα γενεὰς ἔμειναν ἐν τῇ πέραν γῇ οἱ ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεκάτου, λέγω δὴ τοῦ Νῶε, γενομένου τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ μετέβησαν διὰ τῆς κιβωτοῦ· τοῦτον γὰρ τὸν Νῶε αὐτοὶ καλοῦσι Ξίσουθρον. Τὰς ἡμέρας δὲ εἰς ἔτη μεταπλάσαντες δῆλοί εἰσιν, ἤγουν τὰ ἔτη μυριοπλάσαντες, δισχιλίας διακοσίας τεσσαράκοντα δύο μυριάδας ἐτῶν ζήσαντας τοὺς δέκα βασιλεῖς εἶπον, οὕσπερ ὁ Μωϋσῆς ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ ἕως τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ τοῦ Νῶε δισχιλίας διακοσίας τεσσαράκοντα δύο ἔτη ἠρίθμησεν. 12.2 Ὁμοίως Τίμαιος, ὁ φιλόσοφος, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς δια γράφει τὴν γῆν ταύτην κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ, καὶ τὸν Ὠκεανὸν ὑπὸ τῆς πέραν γῆς. Ἀτλαντίδα γὰρ νῆσόν τινα ὑποτίθεται ὑπὸ τὴν δύσιν ἔξω εἰς τὸν Ὠκεανὸν ἐπὶ τὰς Γαδείρους μεγάλην καὶ ἄφατον, καὶ τὰ κατοικοῦντα ἐν αὐτῇ ἔθνη μισθωσαμένους δέκα βασιλεῖς ἐκ τῆς πέραν γῆς ἐλθόντας καὶ πολεμήσαντας Εὐρώπην καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν, καὶ μετέπειτα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἡττηθέντας, καὶ αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν νῆσον ὑπὸ Θεοῦ καταποντωθεῖσαν λέγει. Τοῦτον δὲ καὶ Πλάτων καὶ Ἀριστοτέλης ἐπαινοῦσι, καὶ Πρόκλος ὑπομνηματίζει, καὶ οὗτος τὰ ὅμοια ἡμῖν λέγει μεταπλάσας τὸν λόγον καὶ ἀντὶ τῆς ἀνατολῆς τὴν δύσιν εἰπών, ἔτι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς τῶν δέκα γενεῶν μνησθεὶς καὶ τῆς πέραν τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ γῆς. Καὶ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, εὔδηλοί εἰσι πάντες ἐκ τοῦ Μωϋσέως λαμβάνοντες καὶ ὡς ἴδια ἐκτιθέμενοι. 12.3 Οἱ τὰ Χαλδαϊκὰ γὰρ συγγραψάμενοι, ὡς ἀρχαιότεροι καὶ ἀνατολικώτεροι, ἐμνήσθησαν ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτῶν συγγράμμασι τοῦ τε κατακλυσμοῦ καὶ τῆς πυργοποιΐας, ὁρῶντες αὐταῖς ὄψεσι τὸν πύργον καὶ τὴν κατασκευὴν αὐτοῦ, ὡς διὰ τὸν κατακλυσμὸν δῆθεν ἐπινοήσαντες αὐτοῖς καταφυγὴν καὶ σωτηρίαν ἐποίησαν ἑαυτοῖς οἱ τότε ἄνθρωποι. Ἀναγνόντες δὲ καὶ Μωϋσέα οἱ μετέπειτα καὶ εὑρόντες ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ δέκατον ὄντα τὸν Νῶε, ἐφ' οὗπερ γέγονε κατακλυσμός, ἀνεπλάσαντο καὶ αὐτοὶ δέκα βασιλεῖς παρ' αὐτοῖς βασιλεύσαντας ἐτῶν μυριάδας δισχιλίας διακοσίας τεσσαράκοντα δύο, ὥσπερ εἴρηται πρόσθεν, ὧν ἐστιν ὁ πρῶτος Ἄλωρος, τουτέστιν Ἀδάμ, ὁ δεύτερος Ἀλάαπρος, Σήθ, ὁ τρίτος Ἀλμηδών, Ἐνώς,ὁ τέταρτος Ἀμμέων, Καϊνᾶν, ὁ πέμπτος Ἀμμεγάλαρος, Μαλελεήλ, ὁ ἕκτος ∆αόνος ποιμήν, Ἰάρεδ, ὁ ἕβδομος Εὐεδώραγχος, Ἐνώχ, ὁ ὄγδοος Ἀμεμψίναγχος, Μαθουσάλα, ὁ ἔνατος Ὀτιόρτης, Λάμεχ, ὁ δέκατος Ξίσουθρος, Νῶε. Ἐπὶ τούτου γενέσθαι λέγουσι τὸν μέγαν κατακλυσμὸν κατὰ τὸν Μωϋσέα. 12.4 Οἱ δὲ τὰ Αἰγυπτιακὰ συγγραψάμενοι, τουτέστι Μανεθὼν καὶ Χαιρήμων καὶ Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ Μόλων καὶ Λυσίμαχος καὶ Ἀπίων ὁ Γραμματικός, μέμνηνται Μωϋσέως καὶ τῆς ἐξόδου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ τῆς Αἰγύπτου. Ὡς Αἰγύπτιοι γὰρ καὶ Αἰγυπτιακὰ ἀναγραφόμενοι ἁρμοδίως καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν τόπων γενόμενα διηγοῦνται, οἵτινες καὶ διασύρουσι Μωϋσέα ὡς στασιάσαντα καὶ πλῆθος τῶν ἀγυρτῶν καὶ λελωβημένων ἀναστατώσαντα καὶ ἐκβαλόντα τῆς Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἀπελθόντας εἰς τὸ Σίναιον ὄρος καὶ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα καὶ κληθέντας Ἰουδαίους. 12.5 Καὶ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, Χαλδαῖοι καὶ Αἰγύπτιοι τρόπον τινά, ὡς ἀρχαιότεροι τῶν Ἑλλήνων, μαρτυροῦσι τῇ θείᾳ Γραφῇ, ὅτι καὶ ὁ κατακλυσμὸς γέγονεν ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ Νῶε καὶ πυργοποιΐα καὶ ἡ ἔξοδος ἡ ἀπ' Αἰγύπτου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ. Ἕλληνες δὲ μεταγενέστεροι τυγχάνοντες καὶ ὀψέ ποτε συγγράφειν μεμαθηκότες, καὶ τῆς ἀνατολῆς μακράν που περὶ τὴν δύσιν ἀπῳκισμένοι, τῆς τε Ἰουδαίας καὶ Αἰγύπτου πορρώτερον διάγοντες, τὰ τοιαῦτα ἠγνόησαν μήτε ὄψει μήτε ἀκοῇ αὐτὰ παραλαβόντες. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἕως τοῦ παρόντος ἀπιστοῦσι τῇ θείᾳ Γραφῇ, Παλαιᾷ τε καὶ Καινῇ ∆ιαθήκῃ, μύθους ἡγούμενοι τὰ κατ' αὐτήν. 12.6 Οἱ Χαλδαῖοι δὲ