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would be for our benefit. Let us go therefore from here now to describe in summary the sacred contests of the martyrs of the divine Word. 8.2.4 This was the nineteenth year of the reign of Diocletian, in the month Dystrus, which would be called March according to the Romans, in which, as the festival of the Savior's passion was approaching, imperial decrees were published everywhere, commanding the churches to be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures to be destroyed by fire, and that those who held places of honor be stripped of them, and those in households, if they persisted in the profession of Christianity, be deprived of their liberty. 8.2.5 And such was the first edict against us; but not long after, other decrees having been issued, it was commanded that all the leaders of the churches in every place should first be put in chains, and afterwards be compelled by every means to sacrifice. 8.3.1 Then indeed, then, very many of the rulers of the churches, having eagerly contended with dreadful tortures, displayed accounts of great contests, but countless others, whose souls had been numbed beforehand by cowardice, readily gave way at the first assault, and of the rest, each one endured different kinds of tortures, one being tormented in his body with scourgings, another punished with rackings and unendurable scrapings, at which some already met an unhappy end to their lives. 8.3.2 And others again went through the contest in other ways. For one, being pushed by others and brought to the all-defiling and unholy sacrifices, was let go as if he had sacrificed, even if he had not sacrificed, another, not having approached at all nor touched any abominable thing, when others said that he had sacrificed, went away bearing the slander in silence; another, being taken up half-dead, was cast aside as if already dead, 8.3.3 and another again lying on the ground was dragged a long way by his feet, being counted among those who had sacrificed. But another cried out and with a loud voice testified to his denial of the sacrifice, and another proclaimed that he was a Christian, glorying in the confession of the saving name; another insisted that he had not sacrificed and would never sacrifice. 8.3.4 Nevertheless, even these, being struck on the mouth and silenced by the many hands of the company of soldiers appointed for this purpose, and being beaten on the face and cheeks, were violently pushed away. Thus the enemies of piety by all means set great store by seeming to have accomplished their purpose. But these things did not succeed for them against the holy martyrs. Of whom, what word would suffice us for an accurate narrative? 8.4.1 For one could relate of countless men who displayed wonderful zeal for the piety toward the God of the universe, not only from the time when the persecution against all was stirred up, but long before, when the affairs of peace were still established. 8.4.2 For just then for the first time, as if stirring from a deep sleep, the one who held power was still secretly and obscurely, after the intervening time from Decius and Valerian, making attempts against the churches, not at once girding himself for the war against us, but still only making trial of those in the military camps. For in this way he thought that the rest would be easily captured, if he should first contend with and overcome them. It was possible to see very many of those in the armies most gladly embracing private life, so that they might not deny their piety toward the Creator of the universe. 8.4.3 For when the commander of the army, whoever he was, just then for the first time began the persecution against the troops, sorting and purging those enlisted in the legions, and giving them the choice either to obey and enjoy the honor which they possessed, or on the contrary to be deprived of it, if they opposed the command, very many soldiers of the kingdom of Christ, without hesitation, unquestionably preferred the confession of him to the apparent glory and prosperity which they had. 8.4.4 And already rarely one or two of these not only the loss of rank, but also

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ἡμᾶς γένοιτ' ἂν πρὸς ὠφελείας. Ἴωμεν οὖν ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη τοὺς ἱεροὺς ἀγῶνας τῶν τοῦ θείου λόγου μαρτύρων ἐν ἐπιτομῇ διαγράψοντες. 8.2.4 ἔτος τοῦτο ἦν ἐννεακαιδέκατον τῆς ∆ιοκλητιανοῦ βασιλείας, ∆ύστρος μήν, λέγοιτο δ' ἂν οὗτος Μάρτιος κατὰ Ῥωμαίους, ἐν ᾧ τῆς τοῦ σωτηρίου πάθους ἑορτῆς ἐπελαυνούσης ἥπλωτο πανταχόσε βασιλικὰ γράμματα, τὰς μὲν ἐκκλησίας εἰς ἔδαφος φέρειν, τὰς δὲ γραφὰς ἀφανεῖς πυρὶ γενέσθαι προστάττοντα, καὶ τοὺς μὲν τιμῆς ἐπειλημμένους ἀτίμους, τοὺς δ' ἐν οἰκετίαις, εἰ ἐπιμένοιεν τῇ τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ προθέσει, ἐλευθερίας στερεῖσθαι προαγορεύοντα. 8.2.5 καὶ ἡ μὲν πρώτη καθ' ἡμῶν γραφὴ τοιαύτη τις ἦν· μετ' οὐ πολὺ δὲ ἑτέρων ἐπιφοιτησάντων γραμμάτων, προσετάττετο τοὺς τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν προέδρους πάντας τοὺς κατὰ πάντα τόπον πρῶτα μὲν δεσμοῖς παραδίδοσθαι, εἶθ' ὕστερον πάσῃ μηχανῇ θύειν ἐξαναγκάζεσθαι. 8.3.1 Τότε δὴ οὖν, τότε πλεῖστοι μὲν ὅσοι τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν ἄρχοντες, δειναῖς αἰκίαις προθύμως ἐναθλήσαντες, μεγάλων ἀγώνων ἱστορίας ἐπεδείξαντο, μυρίοι δ' ἄλλοι τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὸ δειλίας προναρκήσαντες προχείρως οὕτως ἀπὸ πρώτης ἐξησθένησαν προσβολῆς, τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν ἕκαστος εἴδη διάφορα βασάνων ἐνήλλαττεν, ὃ μὲν μάστιξιν αἰκιζόμενος τὸ σῶμα, ὃ δὲ στρεβλώσεσιν καὶ ξεσμοῖς ἀνυπομονήτοις τιμωρούμενος, ἐφ' οἷς ἤδη τινὲς οὐκ αἴσιον ἀπηνέγκαντο τοῦ βίου τέλος. 8.3.2 ἄλλοι δ' αὖ πάλιν ἄλλως τὸν ἀγῶνα διεξῄεσαν· ὃ μὲν γάρ τις ἑτέρων βίᾳ συνωθούντων καὶ ταῖς παμμιάροις καὶ ἀνάγνοις προσαγόντων θυσίαις ὡς τεθυκὼς ἀπηλλάττετο, καὶ εἰ μὴ τεθυκὼς ἦν, ὃ δὲ μηδ' ὅλως προσπελάσας μηδέ τινος ἐναγοῦς ἐφαψάμενος, εἰρηκότων δ' ἑτέρων ὅτι τεθύκοι, σιωπῇ φέρων τὴν συκοφαντίαν ἀπῄει· ἄλλος ἡμιθνὴς αἰρόμενος ὡς ἂν ἤδη νεκρὸς ἐρρίπτετο, 8.3.3 καί τις αὖ πάλιν ἐπ' ἐδάφους κείμενος μακρὰν ἐσύρετο τοῖν ποδοῖν, ἐν τεθυκόσιν αὐτοῖς λελογισμένος. ὁ δέ τις ἐβόα καὶ μεγάλῃ διεμαρτύρετο φωνῇ τῆς θυσίας τὴν ἄρνησιν, καὶ ἄλλος Χριστιανὸς εἶναι ἐκεκράγει, τῇ τοῦ σωτηρίου προσρήματος ὁμολογίᾳ λαμπρυνόμενος· ἕτερος τὸ μὴ τεθυκέναι μηδὲ θύσειν ποτὲ διετείνετο. 8.3.4 ὅμως δ' οὖν καὶ οἵδε πολυχειρίᾳ τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦτο τεταγμένης στρατιωτικῆς παρατάξεως κατὰ στόματος παιόμενοι καὶ κατασιγαζόμενοι κατά τε προσώπου καὶ παρειῶν τυπτόμενοι μετὰ βίας ἐξωθοῦντο οὕτως ἐξ ἅπαντος οἱ τῆς θεοσεβείας ἐχθροὶ τὸ δοκεῖν ἠνυκέναι περὶ πολλοῦ ἐτίθεντο. Ἀλλ' οὐ καὶ κατὰ τῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῖς μαρτύρων ταῦτα προυχώρει. ὧν εἰς ἀκριβῆ διήγησιν τίς ἂν ἡμῖν ἐξαρκέσειεν λόγος; 8.4.1 Μυρίους μὲν γὰρ ἱστορήσαι ἄν τις θαυμαστὴν ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας τοῦ θεοῦ τῶν ὅλων ἐνδεδειγμένους προθυμίαν, οὐκ ἐξ ὅτουπερ μόνον ὁ κατὰ πάντων ἀνεκινήθη διωγμός, πολὺ πρότερον δὲ καθ' ὃν ἔτι τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης συνεκροτεῖτο. 8.4.2 ἄρτι γὰρ ἄρτι πρῶτον ὥσπερ ἀπὸ κάρου βαθέος ὑποκινουμένου τοῦ τὴν ἐξουσίαν εἰληφότος κρύβδην τε ἔτι καὶ ἀφανῶς μετὰ τὸν ἀπὸ ∆εκίου καὶ Οὐαλεριανοῦ μεταξὺ χρόνον ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ἐπιχειροῦντος οὐκ ἀθρόως τε τῷ καθ' ἡμῶν ἐπαποδυομένου πολέμῳ, ἀλλ' ἔτι τῶν κατὰ τὰ στρατόπεδα μόνων ἀποπειρωμένου ταύτῃ γὰρ καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἁλῶναι ῥᾳδίως ᾤετο, εἰ πρότερον ἐκείνων καταγωνισάμενος περιγένοιτο, πλείστους παρῆν τῶν ἐν στρατείαις ὁρᾶν ἀσμενέστατα τὸν ἰδιωτικὸν προασπαζομένους βίον, ὡς ἂν μὴ ἔξαρνοι γένοιντο τῆς περὶ τὸν τῶν ὅλων δημιουργὸν εὐσεβείας. 8.4.3 ὡς γὰρ ὁ στρατοπεδάρχης, ὅστις ποτὲ ἦν ἐκεῖνος, ἄρτι πρῶτον ἐνεχείρει τῷ κατὰ τῶν στρατευμάτων διωγμῷ, φυλοκρινῶν καὶ διακαθαίρων τοὺς ἐν τοῖς στρατοπέδοις ἀναφερομένους αἵρεσίν τε διδοὺς ἢ πειθαρχοῦσιν ἧς μετῆν αὐτοῖς ἀπολαύειν τιμῆς ἢ τοὐναντίον στέρεσθαι ταύτης, εἰ ἀντιτάττοιντο τῷ προστάγματι, πλεῖστοι ὅσοι τῆς Χριστοῦ βασιλείας στρατιῶται τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν ὁμολογίαν, μὴ μελλήσαντες, τῆς δοκούσης δόξης καὶ εὐπραγίας ἧς εἴχοντο, ἀναμφιλόγως προυτίμησαν. 8.4.4 ἤδη δὲ σπανίως τούτων εἷς που καὶ δεύτερος οὐ μόνον τῆς ἀξίας τὴν ἀποβολήν, ἀλλὰ καὶ