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existing and pre-existing in the creative mind, according to which all things came to be. How then are these not between the unpartakable and those that partake? But indeed, since there are those that partake of God, and the super-essential substance of God is completely unpartakable, there is therefore something between the unpartakable substance and those that partake, through which these partake of God. But if you do away with that which is between the unpartakable and those that partake—oh, what a loss!—you have separated us from God, having removed the bond and placed a chasm (σελ. 688) and an impassable space between Him and the generation and governance of created things. We must therefore seek another God, one who is not only self-sufficient, self-acting, contemplating Himself by Himself, but also good, for thus He will not be content to be moved only by the contemplation of Himself; nor only lacking nothing, but also most superabundant, for thus, wishing as a good being to do good, He will not lack the power; nor only unmoved, but also moving, for thus He will be present to all things by His creative and providential processions and energies. And simply, we must seek a God who is in some way partakable, by partaking of whom each of us, in a way proper to himself according to the proportion of his participation, will be, and live, and be filled with God.

There is, therefore, something between created things and that unpartakable super-essentiality, not just one thing, but also many, and as many as there are things that partake. But these are not in themselves—that is, those intermediaries; for they are powers of that super-essentiality, which singularly and unitively has pre-conceived and comprehended the entire multitude of partakable things, by which, being multiplied in the processions and being partaken of by all, it unceasingly holds to the unpartakable and one. For if even the center of a circle, having in itself the power to emit from itself all the lines of the circle, is not two or many points, much more does God refuse all duplicity, pre-holding the powers and the paradigms of created things in Himself. Therefore, such powers and paradigms exist and pre-exist, but not as substances nor as self-subsistent, nor do they contribute anything to the being of God; for He is their subsistentiator, but He does not subsist from them; for the things concerning God are not the substance of God, but He is the substance of the things concerning Him. Inasmuch as He is a super-essential substance, both ineffable and incomprehensible, unrelated and (σελ. 690) unpartakable, but inasmuch as He is the substance of beings and the life of the living and the wisdom of the wise, and simply the beingness of all things that in any way are and a beautifying power, He is both thought of and spoken of and partaken of by created things. For if according to the great Dionysius 'God is known not only through unknowing, but also through knowing, and there is of Him both intellection and reason and knowledge and contact and sensation and opinion and imagination and name and all other things,' therefore there is also participation in Him, on the one hand because there is intellection and sensation and contact of Him, and on the other hand because of the most comprehensive reason subsequently brought in. Therefore the same God is both unpartakable and partakable, the former as super-essential, the latter as having a substance-creating power and a paradigmatic and final energy of all things.

But indeed, Pythagoras and Plato and Socrates, in a lowly manner and unworthily of God, held such paradigms to be self-sufficient principles, co-causes with God. These, therefore, must be accused as polytheists, who, between that super-essentiality and created things, having improvised from themselves other divine substances as principles of beings, posited them, 'which neither they themselves knew,' according to the scripture, 'nor their fathers.' But we and our fathers hold none of these things to be self-sufficient, nor uncaused, nor a co-cause with God, for which reason we also call these things pre-destinations and foreknowledges and wills of God, which were indeed in Him before created things—for how could they not be?—but created things later proceeded according to them. For 'He spoke,' it says, 'it did not happen and the thought was a deed and all that He willed, He did.' If, at any rate, we do not say many

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δημιουργικῷ νῷ ἐνυπάρχοντες καί προϋπάρχοντες, καθ᾿ οὕς γέγονε τά πάντα. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ εἰσίν οὗτοι μεταξύ τοῦ ἀμεθέκτου καί τῶν μετεχόντων; Οὐ μήν ἀλλ᾿ ἐπειδήπερ εἰσί τά μετέχοντα Θεοῦ, ἡ δέ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ παντάπασιν ἀμέθεκτος, ἔστιν ἄρα τι μεταξύ τῆς ἀμεθέκτου οὐσίας καί τῶν μετεχόντων, δι᾿ οὗ ταῦτα τοῦ Θεοῦ μετέχουσιν. Ἄν δέ οὐ ἀνέλῃς τό μεταξύ τοῦ ἀμεθέκτου καί τῶν μετεχόντων, ὤ τῆς ζημίας, διέστησας ἡμᾶς Θεοῦ, τό συνδοῦν ἐκ μέσον ποιησάμενος καί χάσμα καί (σελ. 688) ἀδιάβατον μεταξύ θέμενος ἐκείνου καί τῆς γενέσεως καί διοικήσεως τῶν γενητῶν. ∆εῖ δή ζητεῖν ἡμᾶς Θεόν ἕτερον οὐκ ὄντα μόνον αὐτοτελῆ, αὐτενέργητον, αὐτόν ἑαυτόν δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ θεώμενον, ἀλλά καί ἀγαθόν, οὕτω γάρ οὐκ ἀρκεσθήσεται κινεῖσθαι μόνον τῇ ἑαυτοῦ θεωρία˙ μήδ᾿ ἀνενδεῆ μόνον, ἀλλά καί ὑπερπληρέστατον, οὕτω γάρ βουλόμενος ὡς ἀγαθός τοῦ εὖ ποιεῖν οὐκ ἀδυνάτως ἕξει˙ μηδ᾿ ἀκίνητον μόνον ἀλλά καί κινούμενον, οὕτω γάρ ἅπασι παρέσται ταῖς δημιουργικαῖς καί προνοητικαῖς προόδοις τε καί ἐνεργείαις. Καί ἁπλῶς δεῖ ζητεῖν ἡμᾶς Θεόν ὄντα πως μεθεκτόν, οὗ μετέχοντες ἕκαστος οἰκείως ἑαυτοῦ κατά τήν τῆς μεθέξεως ἀναλογίαν ὄντες καί ζῶντες καί ἔνθεοι ἐσόμεθα.

Ἔστιν ἄρα τι μεταξύ τῶν γενητῶν καί τῆς ἀμεθέκτου ὑπερουσιότητος ἐκείνης, οὐχ ἕν μόνον, ἀλλά καί πολλά καί τοσαῦτα, ὁπόσα δή καί τά μετέχοντα. Ταῦτα δ᾿ οὐ καθ᾿ ἑαυτά, τά μέσα ἐκεῖνα δηλαδή˙ δυνάμεις γάρ εἰσι τῆς ὑπερουσιότητος ἐκείνης, μοναχῶς καί ἑνιαίως προειληφυίας καί συνειληφυίας τήν τῶν μεθεκτῶν ἅπασαν πληθύν, δι᾿ ἥν κατά τάς προόδους πολυπλασιαζομένη καί μετεχομένη παρά πάντων ἀν ἐκφοιτήτως ἔχεται τοῦ ἀμεθέκτου καί ἑνός. Εἰ γάρ καί τό τοῦ κύκλου κέντρον, ἔχον τήν τοῦ ἀφιέναι παρ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ πάσας τάς τοῦ κύκλου γραμμάς δύναμιν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὐ δύο ἤ πολλά ἐστι σημεῖα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ Θεός πᾶσαν διπλόην ἀπαναίνεται, τάς δυνάμεις ἐν ἑαυτῷ καί τά παραδείγματα τῶν γενητῶν προέχων. Ὑπάρχουσιν οὖν αἱ τοιαῦται δυνάμεις καί τά παραδείγματα καί προϋπάρχουσιν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὡς οὐσίαι οὐδ᾿ ὡς αὐθυπόστατα, οὐδέ τι ταῦτα συντελοῦσιν εἰς τό εἶναι τόν Θεόν˙ ὑποστάτης γάρ ἐστιν αὐτῶν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὑπό τούτων ὑφέστηκεν αὐτός˙ οὐ γάρ τά περί Θεόν ἐστιν οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτός ἐστιν οὐσία τῶν περί αὐτόν. Ἧ μέν ἔστιν αὐτός ὑπερούσιος οὐσία, ἄρρητός τε καί ἀπερινόητος, ἄσχετός τε καί (σελ. 690) ἀμέθεκτος, ᾗ δέ ἐστιν οὐσία τῶν ὄντων καί ζωή τῶν ζώντων καί σοφία τῶν σοφιζομένων καί ἁπλῶς πάντων τῶν ὁπωσοῦν ὄντων ὀντότης καί δύναμις καλλοποιός, καί νοεῖται καί λέγεται καί μετέχεται παρά τῶν γενητῶν. Εἰ γάρ κατά τόν μέγαν ∆ιονύσιον «οὐ δι᾿ ἀγνωσίας μόνον, ἀλλά καί διά γνώσεως ὁ Θεός γινώσκεται καί ἔστιν αὐτοῦ καί νόησις καί λόγος καί ἐπιστήμη καί ἐπαφή καί αἴσθησις καί δόξα καί φαντασία καί ὄνομα καί τἄλλα πάντα», τοιγαροῦν καί μέθεξίς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ, τοῦτο μέν διά τό νόησιν αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχειν καί αἴσθησιν καί ἐπαφήν, τοῦτο δέ διά τόν ὕστερον ἐπενηνεγμένον συμπεριληπτικώτατον λόγον. Ἀμέθεκτος ἄρα καί μεθεκτός ὑπάρχει ὁ αὐτός Θεός, ἐκεῖνο μέν ὡς ὑπερούσιος, τοῦτο δέ ὡς οὐσιοποιόν ἔχων δύναμίν τε καί ἐνέργειαν παραδειγματικήν καί τελικήν τῶν πάντων.

Ἀλλά γάρ τά τοιαῦτα παραδείγματα Πυθαγόρας μέν καί Πλάτων καί Σωκράτης ταπεινῶς καί ἀναξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐθυπάρκτους ἐδόξασαν ἀρχάς συναιτίους τῷ Θεῷ. Τούτους οὖν αἰτιατέον ὡς πολυθέους, οἵτινες μεταξύ τῆς ὑπερουσιότητος ἐκείνης καί τῶν γενητῶν θείας οὐσίας ἑτέρας ἀρχικάς τῶν ὄντων αὐτοσχεδιάσαντες παρ᾿ ἑαυτῶν ὑπέστησαν, «ἅς οὔτε αὐτοί ᾔδεισαν» κατά τό λόγιον «οὔτε οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν». Ἡμεῖς δέ καί οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οὐδέν τούτων αὐθύπαρκτον δοξάζομεν, οὐδ᾿ ἀναίτιον οὐδέ συναίτιον Θεῷ, διό καί προορισμούς καί προγνώσεις ταῦτά φαμεν καί θελήματα Θεοῦ, ὄντα μέν πρό τῶν κτισμάτων ἐν αὐτῷ - πῶς γάρ οὔ; - προηγμένων δ᾿ ὕστερον τῶν κτισμάτων κατ᾿ αὐτά. «Εἶπε» γάρ, φησί, «οὐκ ἐγένετο καί τό ἐννόημα ἔργον ἦν καί πάντα ὅσα ἠθέλησεν ἐποίησεν». Εἰ γοῦν καί μή πολλάς φαμεν