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the rich are consumed by their cares; lenders wither away with worries; plunderers disturb life; lovers of money wear out the courts; slanderers sell falsehood; merchants trade in misfortunes, lying to one another we have consumed our oaths, knowing God only for the purpose of swearing. The earth, then, cannot bear these evils. The air is polluted up to the very ether. Thus indeed, with all of us being driven mad in evils, the prophet, spitting out this life, cries out, saying: Surely every man living is disquieted in vain. Is man alone disquieted, O prophet? Or is only the rational creature accused, O prophet? Have you found nothing else among living things that is disquieted? Yes, he says, the waters are also disquieted, and again are restored. The earth is shaken, and again is made firm. The winds are moved, and again they are still. Every beast is agitated, and being satisfied, it ceases. A flame is stirred up, and having consumed the underlying matter, is extinguished; but man, being disquieted for money, never ceases. He has taken this, and looks to another. He has seized that, and still gapes for more. He hastens to double the hundred, and striving to multiply by ten again what has been doubled, upon so many again hastening to pile up as many more, and he never ceases from piling up, until his own end is piled up. He is condemned, being seized by the fever of avarice, he goes about paler than his gold, because of much-desired wealth, that uncertain friend, wealth that faithless housemate, that treacherous desire, that subservient mocker, that much-loved scoffer, that ready migrant, that winged prisoner, that which is lighter than any phantom of dreams, the warmonger, that which flees more swiftly than any hope, the wind that flies away while being held, wealth the begetter of all profligacy, the advocate of all licentiousness, the inventor of all evil, the accomplice of all soul-destroying nourishment, the rival of self-control, the enemy of moderation, the secret thief of all virtue. But why, he says, do I slander wealth, letting its possessors go? Wealth itself is also wronged, being held by them as a bound and fettered prisoner. It seems to me to utter such a voice to them: Why do you fetter me, wealth, O lovers of money? Why do you bind me tight with myriad bonds like a runaway slave? from mines to metals, you send me on into your hands; if you wish me even for a little to come up for air into the light, allow me, though hastening, to pass even for a little into the right hands of the poor. But, he says, I gather treasure for my children, so that they might not become my inheritors 95.1513 of poverty. Well, the man of many illusions, the rich man, does not know the present, and yet cares for the future. He is ignorant of his own affairs, and yet decrees concerning his children's; if he is being buried, he does not know it, and yet deliberates about heirs. Fool, tell me your own end, and then make provision for your children. Tell me the things of today, and then I will believe you about the things of tomorrow. Why do you deceive yourself even after death? Why do you wish to be a mocked corpse? Why do you determine what God must do? Why do you legislate for providence? The things given to you, care for them yourself. Nothing concerning those after you is your business. You cannot be both a corpse and an administrator of the living. No one in Hades has been made guardian of those on earth. There is One who is judge of the living and the dead, and who weighs out justice for each. For he lays up treasure, says the prophet, and does not know for whom he gathers it. Why do you oppress the poor as if they were orphans? Why are you indignant when asked for something by them, as if spending from your own home. They want their patrimony, not yours; the things entrusted to you for them, and not born with you. What you have received, give, and gain the use of it. It is enough for you that you were commanded to give, not to receive. It is enough for you that through the poor man God extends His right hand to you. He who gives rain to all under heaven begs a drop of bronze from you. He who thunders and lightens says to you, "Have mercy." He who clothes heaven with clouds asks a rag from you. It is enough for you that the poor supplicate and beseech you as a god: Compassionate one, have mercy; merciful one, take pity. You

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πλούσιοι ταῖς φροντίσιν ἐκτήκονται· οἱ δανεισταὶ ταῖς μερίμναις μαραίνονται· οἱ ἅρπαγες τὸν βίον ταράσσουσιν· οἱ φιλοχρήματοι τὰ δικαστήρια κατατρίβουσιν· οἱ συκοφάνται τὸ ψεῦδος πιπράσκουσιν· οἱ κερδέμποροι τὰς συμφορὰς πραγματεύονται, ἀλλήλους ψευδόμενοι τοὺς ὅρκους ἀνηλώσαμεν, εἰς τὸ ὀμνύειν μόνον τὸν Θεὸν ἐπιστάμενοι. Ἡ γῆ λοιπὸν τὰ κακὰ βαστάζειν οὐ δύναται. Ὁ ἀὴρ μέχρις αὐτοῦ τοῦ αἰθέρος μεμόλυνται. Οὕτω δὴ πάντων ἐν κακοῖς σεσοβημένων ἡμῶν, ὁ προφήτης τὸν βίον ἐκπτυόμενος βοᾷ λέγων· Πλὴν μάτην ταράσσεται πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ζῶν. Ἄνθρωπος μόνον, ὦ προφῆτα, ταράσσεται; ἢ λογικὴ μόνον πλάσις κατηγορεῖται, ὦ προφῆτα; Οὐδὲν ἕτερον τῶν ἐν ζώοις ταρασσόμενον εὗρες; Ναὶ, ταράσσεται, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ ὕδατα, καὶ πάλιν ἀποκαθίσταται. Σαλεύεται ἡ γῆ, καὶ πάλιν ἑδράζεται. Κινοῦνται οἱ ἄνεμοι, καὶ πάλιν ἡσυχάζουσι. Θοβυρεῖται πᾶν θηρίον, καὶ κορεννύμενον παύεται. ∆ιεγείρεται φλὸξ, καὶ τὴν ὑποκειμένην ὕλην ἀναλώσασα σβέννυται· ἄνθρωπος δὲ ταρασσόμενος ἐπὶ χρήμασι οὐδέποτε παύεται. Ἔλαβε τοῦτο, καὶ πρὸς ἕτερον ἀποβλέπει. Ἐκράτησεν ἐκεῖνο, καὶ προσέτι κέχηνεν. Τὰ ἑκατὸν διπλασιάζειν ἐπείγεται, καὶ τὰ διαπλασιασθέντα πάλιν δεκαπλασιάζειν φιλονεικῶν, ἐπὶ τοσούτοις αὖθις τοσαῦτα σωρεύειν ἐπειγόμενος, καὶ οὐδέποτε σωρεύων παύεται, ἕως τὸ τέλος αὐτοῦ σωρευθῇ. Κατάδικός ἐστι, τῷ πυρετῷ τῆς φιλαργυρίας συνεχόμενος, ὠχρότερος τοῦ χρυσίου περιέρχεται, διὰ τὸν πολυπόθητον πλοῦτον, τὸν ἀβέβαιον φίλον, πλοῦτον τὸν ἄπιστον σύνοικον, τὸν ἐπίβουλον πόθον, τὸν ὑποδέσποτον ἐμπαίκτην, τὸν πολυέραστον χλευαστὴν, τὸν ἕτοιμον μεταβάτην, τὸν ὑπόπτερον δέσμιον, τὸν πάσης ὀνείρων φαντασίας κουφότερον, τὸν πολεμοποιὸν, τὸν πάσης ἐλπίδος ὀξυτέρως φεύγοντα, τὸν ἐν τῷ κρατεῖσθαι ἀφιπτάμενον ἄνεμον, πλοῦτον τὸν πάσης ἀσωτίας γεννήτορα τὸν πάσης ἀκολασίας συνήγορον, τὸν πάσης κακίας εὑρέτην, τὸν συνεργὸν πάσης ψυχοφθόρου τροφῆς, τὸν ἀντίπαλον τῆς ἐγκρατείας, τὸν πολέμιον τῆς σωφροσύνης, τὸν πάσης ἀρετῆς λανθάνοντα κλέπτην. Ἀλλὰ τί, φησὶ, διαβάλλω τὸν πλοῦτον τοὺς κεκτημένους ἀφείς; ἀδικεῖται καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ πλοῦτος, δέσμιος ὑπ' αὐτῶν καὶ πεπηδημένος κατεχόμενος. Ἔοικέ μοι πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοιαύτην ἀφιέναι φωνήν· Τί με τὸν πλοῦτον, ὦ φιλοχρήμονες, συμποδίζετε; τί με καθάπερ δραπέτην μυρίοις δεσμοῖς περισφίγγετε; ἀπὸ μετάλλων εἰς μέταλλα, εἰς τὰς ὑμῶν χεῖρας παραπέμπετε εἰ θέλετέ με κἂν μικρὸν εἰς τὸ φῶς ἀνανεῦσαι, ἐάσατέ με κἂν μικρὸν εἰς τὰς τῶν πενήτων δεξιὰς μεταβῆναι ἐπειγόμενον. Ἀλλὰ, φησὶ, τέκνοις συνάγω τὸν θησαυρὸν, ἵνα μὴ πενίας γένωνται κληρονό 95.1513 μοι. Καλῶς, ὁ πολυφάνταστος πλούσιος τὰ παρόντα οὐκ οἶδε, καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων φροντίζει. Τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν ἀγνοεῖ, καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν τέκνων ψηφίζει· εἰ θάπτεται, οὐκ ἐπίσταται, καὶ περὶ κληρονόμων βουλεύεται. Ἄφρον, εἰπέ μοι τὸ σὸν τέλος, καὶ τότε περὶ τῶν τέκνων ἀσφάλισαι. Εἰπέ μοι τὰ τῆς σήμερον, καὶ τότε σοι πιστεύσω τὰ τῆς αὔριον. Τί σεαυτὸν καὶ μετὰ θάνατον ἀπατᾷς; τί θέλεις εἶναι νεκρὸς χλευαζόμενος; Τί διορίζεις τοῦ Θεοῦ τὰ πρακτέα; τί νομοθετεῖς τὴν πρόνοιαν; Τὰ σοὶ δεδομένα, αὐτὰ μερίμνα. Οὐδὲν πρὸς σὲ περὶ τῶν μετὰ σέ. Οὐ δύνασαι καὶ νεκρὸς εἶναι, καὶ διοικέτης ζώντων. Οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐν ᾄδου τῶν ὑπὲρ γῆς ἐπετρόπευσεν. Εἷς ἐστιν ὁ ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν κριτὴς, καὶ ζυγοστατῶν ἑκάστου τὸ δίκαιον. Θησαυρίζει γὰρ, φησὶν ὁ προφήτης, καὶ οὐ γινώσκει τίνι συνάγει αὐτά. Τί τῶν πενήτων ὡς ὀρφανῶν κατατρέχεις; τί αἰτούμενος παρ' αὐτῶν ἀγανακτεῖς, ὡς οἴκοθεν ἀναλίσκων. Τὰ πατρῷα θέλουσιν, οὐχὶ τὰ σά· τὰ πιστευθέντα σοι δι' αὐτοὺς, καὶ οὐχὶ μετὰ σοῦ γεννηθέντα. Ἃ ἔλαβες, δὸς, καὶ τὴν χρῆσιν κέρδανον. Ἀρκεῖ σοι, ὅτι διδόναι, οὐ λαμβάνειν προσετάχθης. Ἀρκεῖ σοι, ὅτι διὰ πτωχοῦ ὁ Θεὸς τὴν δεξιάν σοι προτείνει. Βρέχων τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν χαλκοῦ ψεκάδα σε προσαιτεῖ. Ὁ βροντῶν καὶ ἀστράπτων, Ἐλέησον, σοὶ λέγει. Ὁ περιβάλλων τὸν οὐρανὸν νεφέλαις, ῥάκιον αἰτεῖ παρὰ σοῦ. Ἀρκεῖ σοι, ὅτι οἱ πένητες ὡς Θεόν σε λιτανεύουσι καὶ ἱκετεύουσιν· Οἰκτίρμων ἐλέησον· ἐλεήμων οἴκτειρον. Σὺ