John Chrysostom, On John

149

Christ had said, but when He healed many, it was to only the two blind men. But you, even so, see the faith of the paralytic. For upon hearing, Take up your pallet, and walk, he did not scoff, nor did he say, What on earth is this? an angel comes down and troubles the water, and heals only one; but you, being a man, from a mere command and word, hoped to be able to do more than angels? This is arrogance and boasting and a joke. But he said none of these things, nor did he even think them; but as soon as he heard, he also arose; and having been made well, he did not disobey the one who commanded him: Arise, take up your pallet, and walk. This, then, is indeed wonderful; but the things after this are much more so; or rather, to be persuaded at the beginning when no one was troubling him, this is not so wonderful; but after this, with the Jews raging, and pressing upon him from all sides and accusing and besieging him, and saying, It is not lawful for you to take up your pallet, not only to despise their madness, but also with great boldness in the midst of the public spectacle to proclaim his benefactor, and to silence their shameless tongue, this I say is a matter of great courage. For when the Jews gathered around and said to him censoriously and with insolence, It is the Sabbath; it is not lawful for you to take up your pallet; hear what he says: He who made me well, that man said to me, Take up your pallet, and walk; as good as saying this: You are talking nonsense and are delirious, bidding me not to consider as a teacher the one who has freed me from so long and grievous a disease, nor to obey all that he commands. And yet if he wanted to act deceitfully, it was possible to speak otherwise; for example, I am not doing this willingly, but because another commanded me; if this is a crime, accuse the one who ordered it, and I will put down the bed; and he would have concealed the healing. For he knew clearly that they were not so vexed at the breaking of the Sabbath, as at the cure of the infirmity. But he neither concealed this, nor said that, nor did he ask for pardon, but with a clear voice he confessed and proclaimed the good deed. And so the paralytic acted thus; but they, consider how wickedly. For they did not say, Who is it that made you well? but this they kept silent about; but they brought forward again and again the supposed transgression: Who is it that said to you, Take up your pallet and walk? But the man who had been healed did not know who it was. For Jesus had withdrawn, as there was a crowd in the place. 59.210 And why indeed did Christ hide himself? First, so that in His absence the testimony might be without suspicion; for the one who had received the sensation of health was a credible witness of the good deed. Next, so that He might not cause their anger to be kindled further (for He knows that even the mere sight of the one envied casts no small spark into those who are envious), for this reason He withdrew, letting the deed itself by itself contend among them, so that He no longer had to say anything about Himself, but the healed man did, and with him the accusers themselves. For even they for the time being bear witness to the miracle. For they did not say, Why did you command these things to be done on the Sabbath? but, Why do you do these things on the Sabbath? not being vexed about the transgression, but envying the salvation of the paralytic. And yet, as far as human work goes, that which the paralytic did was more of a work; but the other was a word and a command. Here, then, He commands the Sabbath to be broken in one way; but elsewhere He does this Himself, mixing clay and anointing eyes. And He does these things, not transgressing, but transcending the law. And concerning these things, later. For He does not everywhere defend Himself in the same way when accused by them concerning the Sabbath; and one must observe this with accuracy. 3. For the time being, however, let us see how great an evil envy is, and how it blinds the eyes of the soul against the salvation of the one who is taken. For just as madmen often thrust swords against themselves; so also the envious, looking to one thing only, the ruin of the one envied, disregard their own salvation. These men also

149

Χριστὸν εἰρηκότα, ἀλλ' ὅτε πολλοὺς ἐθεράπευσε, πρὸς μόνους τοὺς δύο τυφλούς. Σὺ δὲ καὶ οὕτως ὅρα τοῦ παραλύτου τὴν πίστιν. Ἀκούσας γὰρ, ὅτι Ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου, καὶ περιπάτει, οὐ κατεγέλασεν, οὐδὲ εἶπε, Τί ποτε τοῦτό ἐστιν; ἄγγελος κατέρχεται καὶ ταράσσει τὸ ὕδωρ, καὶ ἕνα θεραπεύει μόνον· σὺ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ὢν, ἀπὸ ἐπιτάγματος ψιλοῦ καὶ ῥήματος ἤλπισας μεῖζον ἀγγέλων δυνήσεσθαι; τῦφος ταῦτα καὶ ἀλαζονεία καὶ γέλως. Ἀλλὰ τούτων οὐδὲν εἶπεν, οὐδὲ ἐνενόησεν· ἀλλ' ἅμα τε ἤκουσε, καὶ ἠγέρθη· καὶ γενόμενος ὑγιὴς, οὐκ ἠπείθησε τῷ κελεύσαντι αὐτῷ· Ἔγειραι, ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου, καὶ περιπάτει. Θαυμαστὸν μὲν οὖν καὶ τοῦτο· τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα πολλῷ πλέον· μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ μὲν παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν μηδενὸς ἐνοχλοῦντος πεισθῆναι, οὐχ οὕτω θαυμαστὸν τοῦτο· τὸ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα μαινομένων Ἰουδαίων, καὶ πανταχόθεν ἐπικειμένων καὶ ἐγκαλούντων καὶ πολιορκούντων αὐτὸν, καὶ λεγόντων, Οὐκ ἔξεστί σοι ἆραι τὸν κράββατόν σου, μὴ μόνον ὑπερορᾷν αὐτῶν τῆς μανίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς παῤῥησίας ἐν μέσῳ τῷ θεάτρῳ τὸν εὐεργέτην ἀνακηρύττειν, καὶ τὴν ἀναίσχυντον ἐπιστομίζειν γλῶτταν, πολλῆς ἔγωγε ἀνδρείας εἶναι λέγω. Ἐπισυστάντων γὰρ Ἰουδαίων καὶ λεγόντων ἐπιτιμητικῶς καὶ μετὰ αὐθαδείας αὐτῷ· Σάββατόν ἐστιν, οὐκ ἔξεστί σοι ἆραι τὸν κράββατόν σου· ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Ὁ ποιήσας με ὑγιῆ, ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπεν, Ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου, καὶ περιπάτει· μονονουχὶ τοῦτο λέγων· Ληρεῖτε καὶ παραπαίετε, κελεύοντες τὸν ἀπὸ μακρᾶς οὕτω καὶ χαλεπῆς με ἀπαλλάξαντα νόσου μὴ ἡγεῖσθαι διδάσκαλον, μηδὲ πάντα πείθεσθαι ἅπερ ἂν κελεύῃ. Καίτοι γε εἰ κακουργεῖν ἐβούλετο, ἐνῆν καὶ ἑτέρως εἰπεῖν· οἷον, ὅτι Οὐχ ἑκὼν τοῦτο ποιῶ, ἀλλ' ἑτέρου κελεύσαντος· εἰ δὲ ἔγκλημα τοῦτο, ἐγκαλεῖτε τῷ ἐπιτάξαντι, καὶ ἀποτίθεμαι τὴν κλίνην· καὶ τὴν θεραπείαν δὲ ἔκρυψεν ἄν. Καὶ γὰρ ᾔδει σαφῶς οὐχ οὕτω δακνομένους ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ Σαββάτου λύσει, ὡς ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας διορθώσει. Ἀλλ' οὔτε τοῦτο ἔκρυψεν, οὔτε ἐκεῖνο εἶπεν, οὐδὲ συγγνώμην ᾔτησεν, ἀλλὰ λαμπρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ τὴν εὐεργεσίαν ὡμολόγει καὶ ἀνεκήρυττε. Καὶ ὁ μὲν παράλυτος οὕτως· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ σκόπει πῶς κακούργως. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπον, Τίς ἐστιν ὁ ποιήσας σε ὑγιῆ; ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ἐσίγησαν· ἄνω δὲ καὶ κάτω τὴν δοκοῦσαν εἶναι παράβασιν εἰς μέσον ἦγον· Τίς ἐστιν ὁ εἰπών σοι, Ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου καὶ περιπάτει; Ὁ δὲ τεθεραπευμένος, οὐκ ᾔδει τίς ἐστιν. Ὁ γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐξέκλινεν, ὄχλου ὄντος ἐν τῷ τόπῳ. 59.210 Καὶ τί δήποτε ἔκρυψεν ἑαυτὸν ὁ Χριστός; Πρῶτον μὲν, ἵνα ἀπόντος αὐτοῦ ἡ μαρτυρία ἀνύποπτος γένηται· ὁ γὰρ αἴσθησιν λαβὼν τῆς ὑγιείας, ἀξιόπιστος ἦν τῆς εὐεργεσίας μάρτυς. Ἔπειτα, ἵνα μὴ πλέον τούτων παρασκευάσῃ τὸν θυμὸν ἐκκαῆναι (οἶδε γὰρ καὶ ὄψις μόνη τοῦ φθονουμένου οὐ μικρὸν τοῖς βασκαίνουσιν ἐνιέναι σπινθῆρα), διὰ τοῦτο ἀναχωρήσας, ἀφίησιν αὐτὸ καθ' ἑαυτὸ τὸ ἔργον ἀγωνίζεσθαι παρ' αὐτοῖς, ὥστε μηκέτι αὐτὸν περὶ ἑαυτοῦ τι λέγειν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς τεθεραπευμένους, καὶ μετ' ἐκείνων αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἐγκαλοῦντας. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι τέως μαρτυροῦσι τῷ θαύματι. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπον, ∆ιατί ταῦτα ἐκέλευσας γενέσθαι ἐν Σαββάτῳ; ἀλλὰ, ∆ιατί ταῦτα ποιεῖς ἐν Σαββάτῳ; οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῆς παραβάσεως δυσχεραίνοντες, ἀλλὰ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τοῦ παραλύτου φθονοῦντες. Καίτοι γε, ὅσον εἰς ἀνθρώπινον ἔργον, τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἔργον ἦν, ὅπερ ἐποίησεν ὁ παράλυτος· ἐκεῖνο δὲ λόγος καὶ ῥῆμα. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὖν ἑτέρως κελεύει λύειν τὸ Σάββατον· ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ δι' ἑαυτοῦ τοῦτο ἐργάζεται, φυρῶν πηλὸν καὶ ἐπιχρίων ὀφθαλμούς. Ποιεῖ δὲ ταῦτα, οὐ παραβαίνων, ἀλλ' ὑπερβαίνων τὸν νόμον. Καὶ ὑπὲρ μὲν τούτων, ὕστερον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁμοίως πανταχοῦ περὶ τοῦ Σαββάτου παρ' αὐτῶν ἐγκαλούμενος ἀπολογεῖται· καὶ δεῖ τοῦτο παρατηρεῖν μετὰ ἀκριβείας. γʹ. Τέως δὲ ἴδωμεν ὅσον ἡ βασκανία κακὸν, καὶ πῶς τοὺς τῆς ψυχῆς ὀφθαλμοὺς πηροῖ κατὰ τῆς τοῦ ἁλόντος σωτηρίας. Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ μαινόμενοι καθ' ἑαυτῶν πολλάκις ὠθοῦσι τὰ ξίφη· οὕτω καὶ οἱ βασκαίνοντες, πρὸς ἓν μόνον ὁρῶντες, τὴν λύμην τοῦ φθονουμένου, τῆς οἰκείας ἀλογοῦσι σωτηρίας. Οὗτοι καὶ