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is true, I will try to prove this from the events that happened to the city. For when those who were responsible for those lawless deeds were brought to the court, when the fire was burning within, and the executioners stood by and were tearing their sides, if someone standing beside them had said, 'If you have any enemies, release your anger, and we will be able to deliver you from this punishment'; would they not have even kissed their feet? And why do I say their feet? If someone had commanded them to choose masters, they would not have refused then. But if a human punishment, and one that has an end, would have overcome all anger, how much more the coming vengeance, if it constantly occupied our mind, would have driven out from the soul not only resentfulness, but also every evil thought. For what is easier, tell me, than to release your anger to the one who has grieved you? For is it necessary to undertake a long journey? Or to spend money? Or to entreat others? It is enough only to be willing, and the good deed is accomplished. Of what punishment, then, would we not be worthy, if for the sake of worldly matters we endure servile ministrations, and show ourselves in services unworthy of us, and spend money, and converse with gatekeepers, in order to flatter vile men, and we do and say all things so that our objective might be achieved, but for 49.202 the sake of the laws of God we do not endure to entreat a brother who has grieved us, but we even consider it a shame to run to him first? Are you ashamed, tell me, when you are about to be the first to gain? On the contrary, one ought to be ashamed of remaining in that passion, and of waiting for the one who has grieved you to come for reconciliation; for this is both a shame and a reproach and the greatest loss. For the one who comes first reaps the whole reward. For if, having been exhorted by another, you release your anger, the good deed is credited to him; for it was not by obeying God, but by gratifying him that you fulfilled the law; but if, with no one exhorting you, and not even the one who grieved you coming to you and begging, you yourself cast off all shame and all hesitation from your mind, run to the one who has wronged you and put an end to the anger, the good deed becomes entirely yours, and you will receive the entire reward. If I say, 'Fast,' you often plead to me bodily weakness; if I say, 'Give to the poor,' child-rearing and poverty; if I say, 'Be at leisure for the assemblies,' worldly cares; if I say, 'Pay attention to what is said, and understand the power of the teaching,' lack of education; if I say, 'Set another right,' you say, 'He will not obey when advised; for having spoken often I was despised.' The excuses are indeed feeble, but nevertheless you can at least offer an excuse; but if I say, 'Release your anger,' what of these things will you be able to say? For you can plead neither bodily weakness, nor poverty, nor lack of education, nor being busy, nor anything else, but this sin is the most inexcusable of all. How will you be able to lift your hands to heaven? How to move your tongue? How to ask for forgiveness? For even if God wishes to forgive your sins, you do not forgive them yourself, holding on to what is owed by your fellow servant. But he is cruel, and savage, and beastly, and desires punishment and retribution. And for this reason especially, forgive. You have been wronged much, and been deprived, and heard evil things, and been harmed in the greatest matters, and you wish to see the enemy punished. And for this again it is useful for you to forgive. For if you yourself take vengeance and pursue it, whether through words, or through deeds, or through prayer against him, God will no longer pursue it, since you have taken the punishment; and not only will he not pursue it, but he will also demand satisfaction from you as one who has been insulted.

4. For if this happens among men, even if we strike another's servant, the master is indignant, and says the matter is an insult; for even if we happen to have been wronged whether by slaves or by free men, it is necessary to await the sentences from the rulers and from the masters; if therefore among men it is not safe for ourselves

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ἐστιν ἀληθὲς, ἀπὸ τῶν συμβάντων τῇ πόλει τοῦτο ἀποδεῖξαι πειράσομαι. Ὅτε γὰρ οἱ τῶν παρανόμων τολμημάτων ἐκείνων ὄντες ὑπεύθυνοι πρὸς τὸ δικαστήριον ἤχθησαν, ὅτε πῦρ ἔνδον ἐκαίετο, καὶ δήμιοι παρειστήκεισαν καὶ τὰς πλευρὰς κατέξαινον, εἴ τις αὐτοῖς παραστὰς ἐκ πλαγίων εἶπεν, ὅτι Εἴ τινας ἐχθροὺς ἔχετε, λύσατε τὴν ὀργὴν, καὶ δυνησόμεθα ταύτης ὑμᾶς ἀπαλλάξαι τῆς κολάσεως· ἆρα οὐκ ἂν καὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτῶν κατεφίλησαν; Καὶ τί λέγω τοὺς πόδας; εἰ καὶ δεσπότας τις αὐτοὺς ἑλέσθαι ἐκέλευσεν, οὐκ ἂν παρητήσαντο τότε. Εἰ δὲ ἀνθρωπίνη κόλασις καὶ τέλος ἔχουσα πάσης ἂν ἐκράτησεν ὀργῆς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡ μέλλουσα τιμωρία, εἰ συνεχῶς ἡμῶν τὴν διάνοιαν κατεῖχεν, οὐχὶ μνησικακίαν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντα ἂν ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐξήλασε πονηρὸν λογισμόν. Τί γὰρ εὐκολώτερον, εἰπέ μοι, τοῦ τὴν ὀργὴν ἀφεῖναι τῷ λελυπηκότι; Μὴ γὰρ μακρὰν ἀποδημίαν ἔστι στείλασθαι; μὴ γὰρ χρήματα δαπανῆσαι, μὴ γὰρ ἑτέρους παρακαλέσαι; Ἀρκεῖ θελῆσαι μόνον, καὶ τὸ κατόρθωμα τέλος ἔλαβε. Τίνος οὖν οὐκ ἂν εἴημεν ἄξιοι κολάσεως, εἰ βιωτικῶν μὲν ἕνεκεν πραγμάτων καὶ δουλοπρεπεῖς ὑπομένομεν διακονίας, καὶ ἀναξίους ἡμῶν ἐπιδεικνύμεθα θεραπείας, καὶ χρήματα ἀναλίσκομεν, καὶ πυλωροῖς διαλεγόμεθα, ἵνα μιαροὺς ἀνθρώπους κολακεύσωμεν, καὶ πάντα ποιοῦμεν καὶ λέγομεν ὥστε κατορθωθῆναι ἡμῖν τὸ προκείμενον, ὑπὲρ 49.202 δὲ τῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμων τὸν λελυπηκότα ἀδελφὸν οὐχ ὑπομένομεν παρακαλέσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ αἰσχύνην εἶναι νομίζομεν τὸ πρότεροι προσδραμεῖν; Αἰσχύνῃ, εἰπέ μοι, μέλλων πρότερος κερδαίνειν; Τοὐναντίον μὲν οὖν αἰσχύνεσθαι χρὴ τὸ μένειν ἐπὶ τοῦ πάθους, καὶ τὸν λελυπηκότα ἐκδέχεσθαι πρὸς τὰς καταλλαγὰς ἐλθεῖν· τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ αἰσχύνη καὶ ὄνειδος καὶ ζημία μεγίστη. Ὁ γὰρ πρότερος ἐλθὼν, ἐκεῖνος καρποῦται τὸ πᾶν. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ παρ' ἑτέρου παρακληθεὶς ἀφῇς τὴν ὀργὴν, ἐκείνῳ λογίζεται τὸ κατόρθωμα οὐ γὰρ δὴ τῷ Θεῷ πειθόμενος, ἀλλ' ἐκείνῳ χαριζόμενος τὸν νόμον ἐπλήρωσας· ἂν δὲ μηδενὸς παρακαλοῦντος, μήτε αὐτοῦ τοῦ λελυπηκότος πρὸς σὲ παραγενομένου καὶ δεηθέντος, αὐτὸς πᾶσαν αἰσχύνην καὶ πάντα ὄκνον ῥίψας ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας, προσδράμῃς τῷ ἠδικηκότι καὶ καταλύσῃς τὴν ὀργὴν, ὁλόκληρόν σου γίνεται τὸ κατόρθωμα, καὶ τὸν πάντα λήψῃ μισθόν. Ἂν εἴπω, Νήστευσον, ἀσθένειάν μοι προβάλλῃ σώματος πολλάκις· ἂν εἴπω, ∆ὸς πένησι, παιδοτροφίαν καὶ πενίαν· ἂν εἴπω, Σχόλαζε εἰς συνάξεις, φροντίδας βιωτικάς· ἂν εἴπω, Πρόσεχε τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ νόει τῆς διδασκαλίας τὴν δύναμιν, ἰδιωτείαν· ἂν εἴπω, Κατόρθωσον ἕτερον, λέγεις, ὅτι Οὐχ ὑπακούσεται συμβουλευόμενος· πολλάκις γὰρ εἰπὼν κατεφρονήθην. Ψυχραὶ μὲν οὖν αἱ προφάσεις, ἀλλ' ὅμως κἂν πρόφασιν ἔχῃς εἰπεῖν· ἂν εἴπω, Τὴν ὀργὴν ἄφες, τί τούτων εἰπεῖν δυνήσῃ; Οὔτε γὰρ ἀσθένειαν σώματος, οὔτε πενίαν, οὐκ ἰδιωτείαν, οὐκ ἀσχολίαν, οὐκ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἔχεις εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀσύγγνωστος αὕτη μάλιστα πάντων ἐστὶν ἡ ἁμαρτία. Πῶς δυνήσῃ τὰς χεῖρας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνατεῖναι; Πῶς τὴν γλῶτταν κινῆσαι; Πῶς αἰτῆσαι συγγνώμην; Κἂν γὰρ βούληται ὁ Θεὸς ἀφεῖναι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου. οὐκ ἀφίης αὐτὸς, τὰ τοῦ συνδούλου κατέχων. Ἀλλ' ὠμός ἐστι, καὶ ἄγριος, καὶ θηριώδης, καὶ κολάσεως ἐπιθυμεῖ καὶ ἀντιδόσεως. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἄφες. Ἠδίκησαι πολλὰ, καὶ ἀπεστέρησαι, καὶ κακῶς ἤκουσας, καὶ ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις ἐβλάβης πράγμασι, καὶ βούλει κολαζόμενον ἰδεῖν τὸν ἐχθρόν. Καὶ εἰς τοῦτό σοι πάλιν χρήσιμον τὸ ἀφιέναι. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐκδικήσῃς καὶ ἐπεξέλθῃς, εἴτε διὰ ῥημάτων, εἴτε διὰ πραγμάτων, εἴτε διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς τῆς κατ' αὐτοῦ, ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἐπεξελεύσεται λοιπὸν, ἅτε σοῦ τὴν τιμωρίαν λαβόντος· καὶ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐπεξελεύσεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ σὲ ἀπαιτήσει δίκην ὡς ὑβρισμένος.

δʹ. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων τοῦτο γίνεται, κἂν τυπτήσωμεν ἀλλότριον οἰκέτην, ὁ δεσπότης ἀγανακτεῖ, καὶ ὕβριν εἶναί φησι τὸ πρᾶγμα· κἂν γὰρ ἠδικημένοι τύχωμεν εἴτε ὑπὸ δούλων, εἴτε ὑπὸ ἐλευθέρων, τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ τὰς παρὰ τῶν δεσποτῶν ἀναμένειν χρὴ ψήφους· εἰ τοίνυν ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἀσφαλὲς ἑαυτοὺς