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of gratitude, 59.214 and he proclaims his benefactor no less than the blind man did. For what does that man say? He made clay, and anointed my eyes; so also this man; Jesus is the one who made me well. Therefore the Jews persecuted him, and sought to kill him, because he did these things on the Sabbath. What then does Christ say? My Father is working until now, and I am working. For when it was necessary to make a defense for the disciples, He brought forward David their fellow servant, saying, Have you not read what David did when he was hungry? But when it was about Himself, He had recourse to the Father, showing His equality on both sides, both by calling Him Father in a special way, and by doing the same things as Him. And why did He not speak of the things that happened at Jericho? He wished to lead them up from the earth, that they might no longer regard Him as a man, but as God and one who ought to make laws. For if He were not a genuine Son and of the same substance, the defense is worse than the accusation. For not even if some prefect, having changed a royal law, then being accused, should defend himself thus, and say, "For the king also broke it," will he be able to escape, but will thus make the charge even greater. But here, since their dignities are equal, for this reason also the defense is complete with all security. For from what charges, He says, you acquit God, from the same also acquit Me. For this reason also He said beforehand, "My Father," that He might persuade them, even against their will, to concede the same things to Him, out of reverence for His precise genuineness. But if someone should say, "And where does the Father work, having rested on the seventh day from all His works?" let him learn the manner in which He works. What then is the manner of His working? He provides, He holds together all things that have come into being. Therefore, seeing the sun rising, and the moon running its course, and lakes, and springs, and rivers, and rains, and the course of nature, that in seeds, that in our bodies and in those of irrational animals, and all other things through which this universe is held together, learn the continuous working of the Father. For He makes His sun, it says, to rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. And again: But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which today is, and tomorrow is cast into the fire; and speaking again about the birds: Your heavenly Father feeds them. 3. Here, then, He did the whole thing by words on the Sabbath, and added nothing more, but from the things that happen in the temple, and from what they themselves do, He refutes the charges; but where He also commanded a work to be done, such as to take up the bed, contributing nothing great to the matter, but this one thing only, showing a clear breaking of the Sabbath, He elevates the discourse to something greater, wishing rather to astonish them by the dignity of the Father, and to lead them up to what is higher. For this reason, when the discussion is about the Sabbath, He defends Himself neither as a man only, nor as God only, but sometimes in this way, and sometimes in that. For He wished both to be believed, both the condescension of the economy, and the dignity of the Godhead. For this reason He now defends Himself as God. For if He were always going to discourse to them from human things only, He would have remained at the same level of humility. Therefore, that this might not happen, He brings the Father forward. And yet creation itself also works on the Sabbath. For the sun runs its course, and rivers flow, and springs gush forth, and women give birth 59.215 But that you may learn that He is not of the creation, He did not say, "Yes, I work; for creation also works;" but what? "Yes, I work, for My Father also works." Therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill Him, it says, because He not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God His own Father, making Himself equal with God. And yet He did not manifest this only; for He did not show this in His words alone, but much more in His deeds Why so? Because while they could find fault with His words, and accuse Him of arrogance; seeing the truth of the things coming to pass, and His power being proclaimed in His works, they could then say nothing in opposition. But those who do not

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εὐγνωμοσύ 59.214 νης, καὶ ἀνακηρύττει τὸν εὐεργέτην οὐδὲν ἔλαττον τοῦ τυφλοῦ. Τί γὰρ ἐκεῖνός φησιν; Ἐποίησε πηλὸν, καὶ ἔχρισέ μου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς· οὕτω καὶ οὗτος· Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ ποιήσας με ὑγιῆ. Ἐδίωκον οὖν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι, ὅτι ταῦτα ἐποίει ἐν Σαββάτῳ. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν μαθητῶν ἀπολογήσασθαι ἔδει, τὸν ∆αυῒδ τὸν ὁμόδουλον αὐτῶν εἰς μέσον ἔφερεν, Οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε, λέγων, τί ἐποίησε ∆αυῒδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτός; Ὅτε δὲ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, ἐπὶ τὸν Πατέρα κατέφυγεν, ἑκατέρωθεν τὸ ὁμότιμον δεικνὺς, τῷ τε Πατέρα εἰπεῖν ἰδιαζόντως, καὶ τῷ τὰ αὐτὰ πράττειν ἐκείνῳ. Καὶ διατί μὴ εἶπε τὰ περὶ τὸν Ἱεριχὼ γενόμενα; Ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἠθέλησεν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἵνα μηκέτι ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ προσέχωσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς Θεῷ καὶ νομοθετεῖν ὀφείλοντι. Εἰ δὲ μὴ γνήσιος ἦν Υἱὸς καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς οὐσίας, ἡ ἀπολογία κατηγορίας μείζων ἐστίν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τις ὕπαρχος νόμον βασιλικὸν μεταθεὶς, εἶτα ἐγκαλούμενος ἀπολογοῖτο οὕτω, καὶ λέγοι, ὅτι Καὶ γὰρ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔλυσε, δυνήσεται διαφυγεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεῖζον τὸ ἔγκλημα οὕτως ἐργάσεται. Ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα ἐπειδὴ ἴσα τὰ τῆς ἀξίας, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἀπήρτισται μετὰ ἀσφαλείας ἁπάσης. Ἀφ' ὧν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀπολύετε τὸν Θεὸν ἐγκλημάτων, ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμέ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ προλαβὼν εἴρηκεν, Ὁ Πατήρ μου, ἵνα καὶ ἄκοντας πείσῃ τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτῷ συγχωρεῖν, τὴν ἀκριβῆ γνησιότητα αἰδεσθέντας. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις· Καὶ ποῦ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐργάζεται, ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ καταπαύσας ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ; τὸν τρόπον μαθέτω καθ' ὃν ἐργάζεται. Τίς οὖν ὁ τρόπος τῆς ἐργασίας; Προνοεῖ, συγκροτεῖ τὰ γενόμενα πάντα. Ὁρῶν τοίνυν ἥλιον ἀνατέλλοντα, καὶ σελήνην τρέχουσαν, καὶ λίμνας, καὶ πηγὰς, καὶ ποταμοὺς, καὶ ὑετοὺς, καὶ φύσεως δρόμον, τὸν ἐν τοῖς σπέρμασι, τὸν ἐν τοῖς σώμασι τοῖς ἡμετέροις καὶ τοῖς τῶν ἀλόγων, τὰ ἄλλα πάντα δι' ὧν τόδε τὸ πᾶν συνέστηκε, μάνθανε τὴν διηνεκῆ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐργασίαν. Ἀνατέλλει γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς, καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους. Καὶ πάλιν· Εἰ δὲ τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα καὶ αὔριον εἰς πῦρ βαλλόμενον, οὕτως ὁ Θεὸς ἀμφιέννυσι· καὶ περὶ τῶν πετεινῶν διαλεγόμενος πάλιν· Ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος τρέφει αὐτά. γʹ. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὖν διὰ ῥημάτων τὸ πᾶν ἐποίησεν ἐν Σαββάτῳ, καὶ οὐδὲν πλέον προσέθηκεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ γινομένων, καὶ ἀφ' ὧν αὐτοὶ πράττουσι, λύει τὰ ἐγκλήματα· ἔνθα δὲ καὶ ἔργον γενέσθαι ἐκέλευσεν, οἷον τὸ τὴν κλίνην ἆραι, οὐδὲν μέγα πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα συντελοῦν, ἀλλ' ἓν τοῦτο μόνον, δεικνύων σαφῆ τοῦ Σαββάτου τὴν λύσιν, ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον ἀνάγει τὸν λόγον, μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς καταπλῆξαι βουλόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀξίας, καὶ ἀναγαγεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ ὑψηλότερον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὅταν περὶ Σαββάτου ᾖ ὁ λόγος, οὔτε ὡς ἄνθρωπος μόνον ἀπολογεῖται, οὔτε ὡς Θεὸς μόνον, ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν οὕτως, ποτὲ δὲ ἐκείνως. Ἠβούλετο γὰρ ἀμφότερα πιστεύεσθαι, καὶ τῆς οἰκονομίας τὴν συγκατάβασιν, καὶ τῆς θεότητος τὸ ἀξίωμα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο νῦν ὡς Θεὸς ἀπολογεῖται. Εἰ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων αὐτοῖς ἀεὶ διαλέγεσθαι μόνον, ἔμεινεν ἂν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ταπεινότητος. ∆ιόπερ ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, τὸν Πατέρα εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Καίτοι καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ κτίσις ἐργάζεται ἐν Σαββάτῳ. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος τρέχει, καὶ ποταμοὶ ῥέουσι, καὶ πηγαὶ βρύουσι, καὶ γυναῖκες τίκτουσιν 59.215 Ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι οὐ τῆς κτίσεώς ἐστιν, οὐκ εἶπε, Ναὶ, ἐργάζομαι· καὶ γὰρ ἡ κτίσις ἐργάζεται· ἀλλὰ τί; Ναὶ, ἐργάζομαι, καὶ γὰρ ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὖν μᾶλλον ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, φησὶν, ἀποκτεῖναι, ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἔλυε τὸ σάββατον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ. Καὶ μὴν οὐκ ἐνέφηνε τοῦτο μόνον· οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασι τοῦτο ἐδείκνυ μόνοις, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι τοῖς μὲν λόγοις εἶχον ἐπισκήπτειν, καὶ ἀλαζονείαν ἐγκαλεῖν· τὴν δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων ὁρῶντες ἀλήθειαν ἐκβαίνουσαν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἀνακηρυττομένην τὴν δύναμιν, οὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἠδύναντο λοιπόν. Ἀλλ' οἱ μὴ