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had established the kingdom for himself, whom he besieged and took Antioch. And he himself was immediately cast out by Demetrius, son of Seleucus, who was a hostage in Rome and had come down to Tripolis of Phoenicia by ship; in a few days he was killed, having been arrested together with Lysias by the multitude at the command of Demetrius his nephew, who could not bear to look at him, having reigned for one and a half years; after whom the same Demetrius reigned for 12 years. To him certain impious Jews fled, led by one Alcimus of the priestly line. This man accused Judas and was entrusted with the priesthood by Demetrius. For this reason, having Bacchides as a general, he also comes with a force into his fatherland against Judas and his kinsmen. But Bacchides, unable to persuade Judas with words, together with the unholy Alcimus, deceiving 60 notable men of the Jews with treacherous 340 words of peace, killed them in one day; and having secured the priesthood for Alcimus, Bacchides departed to Demetrius. And after these things, since Judas was punishing many of the impious, Demetrius sends Nicanor with a force to put an end to the war with Judas, and to marry and beget children. But Alcimus, not being pleased with these things, slandered Nicanor, asking that Judas be captured alive. But when war broke out, those with Judas were victorious, and Nicanor falls; and his head, having been cut off along with his right hand, was impaled in Jerusalem. Judas is befriended by the Romans and the Lacedaemonians. Demetrius, in a rage, sends Bacchides with Alcimus against Judas. And they, coming against Judas near Basa, who had no more than 800 men, join battle. And with many having fallen on both sides, Judas dies fighting bravely. The same first book of the Maccabees contains the events following these concerning Jonathan and his brothers, but the third book contains the terrible things done to the Jews before these events by Ptolemy Eupator. And the years of those who unholily seized power through money—Simon, Jason, Menelaus, and Lysimachus—during the faithlessness of Seleucus and Antiochus, are 19, just as the one who compiled the book arranged the former and the later high priests.

KINGS OF THE MACEDONIANS Antigonus Phuscus reigned as the 14th of the Macedonians

for 12 years. And it was the year of the world 5269. Philip, son of Demetrius, reigned as the 15th of the Macedonians for 42 years by himself, born of Chryseis the captive. And it was the year of the world 5281. In the time of this Philip, Titus, a general of the Romans, came into Macedonia and conquered the Macedonians by force and placed them under the Romans, for having made an agreement to ally with Hannibal and the Carthaginians against the Romans; and he takes Demetrius his son as a hostage, and winning over the Lacedaemonians and the other Greeks with humanity and gentleness and wisdom, he granted them their freedom. 341 At that time Eratosthenes was famous. Perseus reigned as the 16th of the Macedonians for 10 years and 9 months. And it was the year of the world 5323. In the time of this Perseus, the kingdom of the Macedonians was destroyed near Pydna, they having been defeated by force by the Romans. Aemilius Marcus, being one of the Roman senate, an excellent consular, led the armies. This man, having captured Perseus alive along with his two sons and one daughter, took the entire kingdom of the Macedonians away to Rome. Pseudophilippus reigned as the 17th of the Macedonians for 1 year. And it was the year of the world 5334.

KINGS OF EGYPT AND ALEXANDRIA As the 4th of Egypt and Alexandria

reigned Ptolemy Philopator for 17 years. And it was the year of the world 5273. Antiochus the Great, while Ptolemy Philopator was ruling Judea, defeated him in war and took the country away from him. The third book of the Maccabees relates the history concerning this Ptolemy Philopator, I know not how in reverse order. Of Egypt and

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τὴν βασιλείαν εἰς ἑαυτὸν περιστήσαντος, ὃν πολιορκήσας κατελάβετο τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν. αὐτός τε παραυτὰ ἐκβληθεὶς ὑπὸ ∆ημητρίου υἱοῦ Σελεύκου ὁμηρεύοντος ἐν Ῥώμῃ καὶ κατελθόντος εἰς Τρίπολιν τῆς Φοινίκης πλῷ, ἐν ἡμέραις ἀναιρεῖται συλληφθεὶς ἅμα τῷ Λυσίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ πλήθους προστάξει ∆ημητρίου ἀδελφιδοῦ μὴ ἀνασχο μένου θεάσασθαι αὐτόν, βασιλεύσας ἔτος αʹ ἥμισυ· μεθ' ὃν ὁ αὐτὸς ∆η μήτριος βασιλεύει ἔτη ιβʹ. Τούτῳ προσφεύγουσιν ἀσεβεῖς τινες Ἰουδαῖοι, ὧν ἡγεῖτο Ἄλκιμός τις ἐκ τοῦ ἱερατικοῦ γένους. οὗτος τοῦ Ἰούδα κατηγορεῖ τὴν ἱερωσύνην τε πρὸς τοῦ ∆ημητρίου ἐγχειρίζεται. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ εἰς τὴν πατρίδα Βακχίδην στρατηγὸν ἔχων μετὰ δυνάμεως ἔρχεται κατὰ τοῦ Ἰούδα καὶ τῶν ὁμο φύλων. λόγοις δὲ πείθειν τὸν Ἰούδαν οὐ δυνηθεὶς ὁ Βακχίδης δολεροῖς 340 σὺν τῷ ἀνιέρῳ Ἀλκίμῳ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπισήμους ἄνδρας ξʹ λόγοις εἰρήνης ἀπατήσαντες ἀνεῖλον ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ· τήν τε ἱερωσύνην κατορθώσας τῷ Ἀλκίμῳ Βακχίδης ἀνέζευξε πρὸς ∆ημήτριον. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλοὺς τῶν ἀσεβῶν τιμωρουμένου τοῦ Ἰούδα ∆ημήτριος Νικάνορα μετὰ δυνάμεως πέμπει καταλῦσαι τὸν πόλεμον τῷ Ἰούδα, γῆμαί τε καὶ παιδοποιήσασθαι. τούτοις δ' οὐκ ἀρεσθεὶς Ἄλκιμος διέβαλε τὸν Νικάνορα αἰτῶν ζῶντα συλ λαβεῖν τὸν Ἰούδαν. πολέμου δὲ συστάντος νικῶσιν οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν, πίπτει δὲ Νικάνωρ, ἀποτμηθείς τε τὴν κεφαλὴν σὺν τῇ δεξιᾷ εἰς Ἱερουσα λὴμ ἀνεσταυρώθη. Ἰούδας Ῥωμαίοις καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις φιλοῦται. ∆ημήτριος μανεὶς πέμπει Βακχίδην σὺν Ἀλκίμῳ κατὰ τοῦ Ἰούδα. οἱ δὲ ἐπελθόντες τῷ Ἰούδα περὶ τὴν Βασὰν οὐκ ἔχοντι πλὴν ωʹ ἀνδρῶν συμβάλ λουσι. καὶ πεσόντων ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων πολλῶν Ἰούδας ἀριστεύων θνήσκει. Τούτοις ἀκόλουθα περιέχει ἡ αὐτὴ πρώτη τῶν Μακκαβαϊκῶν βίβλος τὰ κατὰ Ἰωνάθην καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, ἡ δὲ τρίτη τὰ πρὸ τούτων πρα χθέντα δεινὰ ὑπὸ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Εὐπάτορος εἰς Ἰουδαίοις. Εἰσὶ δὲ τὰ τῶν ἀνιέρως διὰ χρημάτων κρατησάντων Σίμωνος, Ἰάσωνος, Μενελάου καὶ Λυσιμάχου ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπιστίας Σελεύκου καὶ Ἀντιόχου ἔτη ιθʹ, καθὼς τοὺς ὄπισθεν καὶ τοὺς μετέπειτα ἀρχιερεῖς ὁ τὴν βίβλον συν ταξάμενος ἐστοιχείωσε.

ΜΑΚΕ∆ΟΝΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ Μακεδόνων ιδʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀντίγονος ὁ Φοῦσκος

ἔτη ιβʹ. τοῦ δὲ κό σμου ἦν ἔτος εσξθʹ. Μακεδόνων ιεʹ ἐβασίλευσε Φίλιππος υἱὸς ∆ημητρίου ἔτη καθ' ἑαυτὸν μβʹ, ἐκ Χρυσηΐδος τῆς αἰχμαλώτου. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εσπαʹ. Ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ Φιλίππου Τίτος Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς εἰς Μακεδονίαν ἐλθὼν κρατεῖ μὲν χειρὶ Μακεδόνων καὶ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους τίθησι, συμμαχεῖν Ἀννίβᾳ καὶ Καρχηδονίους κατὰ Ῥωμαίων συνθεμένους, ὅμηρον δὲ λαμβάνει ∆ημήτριον τὸν αὐτοῦ παῖδα, ὑπαγόμενος καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς Ἕλληνας φιλανθρωπίᾳ καὶ πραότητι καὶ συνέσει, τὴν ἐλευθερίαν παρέσχε. 341 Τότε Ἐρατοσθένης ἐγνωρίζετο. Μακεδόνων ιςʹ ἐβασίλευσε Περσεὺς ἔτη ιʹ καὶ μῆνας θʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ετκγʹ. Ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ Περσέως τὰ Μακεδόνων καταλέλυται περὶ τὴν Πύδναν κατὰ κράτος ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἡττηθέντων. ἡγεῖτο δὲ τῶν στρατευμάτων Αἰμίλιος Μάρκος τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς εἷς ὤν, ἄριστος ὑπατικός. οὗτος Περσέα λαβὼν ζῶντα ἅμα δυσὶν υἱοῖς καὶ μιᾷ θυγατρὶ πᾶσάν τε τὴν Μα κεδόνων βασιλείαν εἰς Ῥώμην ἀπήγαγε. Μακεδόνων ιζʹ ἐβασίλευσε Ψευδοφίλιππος ἔτος αʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ετλδʹ.

ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΛΕΞΑΝ∆ΡΕΙΑΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Ἀλεξανδρείας δʹ

ἐβασίλευσε Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Φιλοπάτωρ ἔτη ιζʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εσογʹ. Ἀντίοχος ὁ μέγας Πτολεμαίου τὴν Ἰουδαίαν κρατοῦντος τοῦ Φιλοπά τορος πολέμῳ νικήσας αὐτὸν τὴν χώραν ἀφείλατο. Ἡ τρίτη τῶν Μακκαβαίων βίβλος περὶ τοῦ Φιλοπάτορος τούτου Πτολε μαίου ἱστορεῖ οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως ἀντιστρόφῳ τάξει. Αἰγύπτου καὶ