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wishing to accept these things with good judgment, say that it was not Christ who made Himself equal to God, but the Jews suspected this. Therefore, come, let us go over what was said from the beginning. Tell me, then, did the Jews persecute Him, or did they not persecute? It is clear to everyone, surely, that they did persecute. And did they persecute for this reason, or for some other? And this too is agreed upon, that it was for this reason. Did He then break the Sabbath, or did He not break it? Nor could anyone object to this. Did He call God His own Father, or did He not? This is also true. Therefore, what follows also partakes of the same sequence. For just as the calling God His own Father, and the breaking of the Sabbath, and the being persecuted by the Jews both for that reason, and for this reason even more, were not a matter of false suspicion, but of true fact; so also the making Himself equal to God was a declaration of the same mind. And from what was said before, it is possible to see this more clearly. For the statement, “My Father works, and I work,” is of one showing Himself equal to God. For He shows no difference in these things. For He did not say, “He works, and I minister”; but, “As He works, so also I.” And He showed great equality. But if He did not wish to establish this, but the Jews suspected this in vain; He would not have allowed their thought to be in error, but would have corrected it. And the evangelist would not have passed over it in silence, but would have said openly, that the Jews indeed suspected thus, but He did not make Himself equal to God; just as elsewhere he does this very thing, when he sees what was said being spoken in one way, but suspected in another; for example, “Destroy this temple,” said Christ, “and in three days I will raise it up,” speaking of His flesh. But the Jews not understanding this, and thinking that He spoke of the Jewish temple, said, “In forty-six years was this temple built, and will you raise it up in three days?” Since therefore He said one thing, and they suspected another (for He spoke of His flesh, but they thought this was said of their temple), the evangelist, remarking upon this, or rather correcting their suspicion, added, saying: “But He spoke of the temple of His body.” So if here also Christ did not make Himself equal, nor did He wish to represent this, but the Jews suspected this, he would have corrected their suspicion here also, and would have said: “The Jews indeed thought He was making Himself equal to God, but He was not speaking about equality.” For 59.216 not only here does this one alone, but also elsewhere again another evangelist is seen doing this very same thing. For when He instructed the disciples, saying: “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees,” they reasoned, saying, “that we did not take bread”; and He said one thing, calling their teaching leaven, but the disciples suspected another, thinking it had been said concerning bread, it is corrected again, no longer by the evangelist, but by Christ Himself, saying thus: “How do you not understand that I did not tell you to beware concerning bread?” But here there is nothing of the sort. And yet, he says, refuting this very thing, Christ added: “The Son can do nothing of Himself.” On the contrary, O man, He has done; for not refuting, but even strengthening the equality does He say this. But pay attention with accuracy; for the matter under investigation is not a trivial one. For the phrase, “of Himself,” this is found in many places of Scripture, both concerning Him and concerning the Holy Spirit. And it is necessary to learn the power of the expression, so that we may not err in the greatest matters. For if someone should take it by itself in this way, as it is easy to take it, consider how great an absurdity will follow. For He did not say, that some things He can do of Himself, and some things He cannot, but He said universally: “The Son can do nothing of Himself.” 4. Let us ask, therefore, the one who contradicts these things: “Can the Son, then, do nothing of Himself, tell me?” And if he should say, “Nothing,” we will say, that “And yet the greatest of good things of Himself

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βουλόμενοι μετ' εὐγνωμοσύνης ταῦτα δέχεσθαι, φασὶν, ὅτι οὐχ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐποίει ἑαυτὸν ἴσον τῷ Θεῷ, ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο ὑπώπτευον. Οὐκοῦν ἄνωθεν φέρε τὰ εἰρημένα ἐπέλθωμεν. Εἰπὲ δή μοι, ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἢ οὐκ ἐδίωκον; Παντί που δῆλον ὅτι ἐδίωκον. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐδίωκον, ἢ δι' ἕτερόν τι; Καὶ τοῦτο συνομολογεῖται, ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο. Ἔλυεν οὖν τὸ σάββατον, ἢ οὐκ ἔλυεν; Οὐδὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ἔχοι τις ἂν ἀντειπεῖν. Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, ἢ οὐκ ἔλεγε; Καὶ τοῦτο ἀληθές. Οὐκοῦν καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς τῆς αὐτῆς ἀκολουθίας ἔχεται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ Πατέρα λέγειν ἴδιον τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ τὸ λύειν τὸ σάββατον, καὶ τὸ διώκεσθαι παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων διά τε ἐκεῖνο, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μᾶλλον, οὐχ ὑπονοίας ἦν ἐψευσμένης, ἀλλὰ πράγματος ἀληθοῦς· οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης ἀπόφασις ἦν. Καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δὲ εἰρημένων τοῦτο σαφέστερον ἔστιν ἰδεῖν. Τὸ γὰρ, Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι, ἴσον ἐστὶν ἑαυτὸν δεικνύντος τῷ Θεῷ. Οὐ γὰρ δείκνυ ἐν τούτοις οὐδεμίαν διαφοράν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἐργάζεται, ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπουργῶ· ἀλλ', Ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος ἐργάζεται, οὕτω καὶ ἐγώ. Καὶ ἰσότητα πολλὴν ἐπεδείξατο. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ αὐτὸς τοῦτο ἐβούλετο κατασκευάσαι, ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο μάτην ὑπώπτευον· οὐκ ἂν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῶν εἶναι τὴν διάνοιαν ἐσφαλμένην, ἀλλὰ καὶ διώρθωσεν ἂν τοῦτο. Καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς δὲ οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸ παρεσιώπησεν, ἀλλ' εἶπεν ἂν φανερῶς, ὅτι Ἰουδαῖοι μὲν οὕτως ὑπώπτευον, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἐποίει ἑαυτὸν ἴσον τῷ Θεῷ· ὥσπερ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ὅταν ἴδῃ ἄλλως μὲν λεγόμενον, ἄλλως δὲ ὑποπτευόμενον τὸ λεχθέν· οἷον, Λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, ἔλεγεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ ἐγὼ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτὸν, περὶ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ λέγων. Ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο μὴ συνιέντες, καὶ νομίσαντες περὶ τοῦ Ἰουδαϊκοῦ ναοῦ λέγεσθαι, Ἐν τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν, ἔλεγον, ᾠκοδομήθη ὁ ναὸς οὗτος, καὶ σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν; Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἄλλο μὲν εἶπεν αὐτὸς, ἄλλο δὲ ὑπώπτευσαν ἐκεῖνοι (αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ περὶ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ ἔλεγεν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ ἑαυτῶν ἐνόμιζον τοῦτο εἰρῆσθαι), ἐπισημαινόμενος τοῦτο ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, μᾶλλον δὲ διορθούμενος αὐτῶν τὴν ὑπόνοιαν, ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἔλεγε περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ. Ὥστε εἰ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ μὲν Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐποίει ἑαυτὸν ἴσον, οὐδὲ ἐβούλετο τοῦτο παραστῆσαι, οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο ὑπώπτευσαν, διώρθωσεν ἂν κἀνταῦθα τὴν ὑπόνοιαν αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπεν· Ἰουδαῖοι μὲν ἐνόμιζον ἑαυτὸν ἴσον ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, ἐκεῖνος δὲ οὐ περὶ τῆς ἰσότητος ἔλεγε. Καὶ γὰρ 59.216 οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα μόνον οὗτος μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ πάλιν τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο φαίνεται ποιῶν καὶ ἕτερος εὐαγγελιστής. Ὅτε γὰρ παρήγγειλε τοῖς μαθηταῖς λέγων· Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ διελογίζοντο, λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν· καὶ ἄλλο μὲν αὐτὸς εἶπε, ζύμην τὴν διδασκαλίαν καλῶν, ἄλλο δὲ ὑπώπτευσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ, περὶ ἄρτων εἰρῆσθαι νομίζοντες, διορθοῦται αὐτὸ πάλιν, οὐκ ἔτι ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς, οὕτω λέγων· Πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε ὅτι προσέχειν οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν; Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον. Καὶ μὴν, φησὶν, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἀναιρῶν, ἐπήγαγεν ὁ Χριστός· Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδέν. Τοὐναντίον μὲν οὖν, ἄνθρωπε, πεποίηκεν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀναιρῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπισφίγγων τὴν ἰσότητα τοῦτο λέγει. Ἀλλὰ προσέχετε μετὰ ἀκριβείας· οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ τυχόν ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον. Τὸ γὰρ, Ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, τοῦτο πολλαχοῦ τῆς Γραφῆς κεῖται, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου. Καὶ δεῖ μαθεῖν τῆς λέξεως τὴν δύναμιν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ μέγιστα ἁμαρτάνωμεν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὴν καθ' ἑαυτὴν οὕτως ἐκλάβοι τις, ὥσπερ ἐστὶ πρόχειρον ἐκλαβεῖν, σκόπησον ἡλίκον ἕψεται τὸ ἄτοπον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι τὰ μὲν δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ οὐ δύναται, ἀλλὰ καθόλου εἶπεν· Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδέν. δʹ. Ἐρώμεθα τοίνυν τὸν ἀντιλέγοντα τούτοις· Οὐδὲν οὖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ δύναται ποιεῖν ὁ Υἱὸς, εἰπέ μοι; Κἂν εἴπῃ, ὅτι Οὐδὲν, ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι Καὶ μὴν τὸ μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ