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monstrosity, were slaughtered; while others, since the entire mass was swollen and had lapsed into a state beyond hope of recovery, being unable to offer any help, were pitilessly executed. 8.17.1 And indeed, while wrestling with so many evils, he becomes conscious of what he had dared to do against the godly, and so, collecting his thoughts, he first makes confession to the God of all, then summons those around him and commands them to stop the persecution against the Christians without any delay, and by law and imperial decree to urge them to build their churches and to perform their accustomed rites, making prayers on behalf of the empire. 8.17.2 At any rate, as the deed immediately followed the word, imperial edicts were spread throughout the cities, containing the recantation concerning us in this manner: 8.17.3 «Imperator Caesar Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Invincible, Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, Germanicus Maximus, Aegyptiacus Maximus, Thebaicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus five times, Persicus Maximus twice, Carpicus Maximus six times, Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus, holder of the tribunician power for the twentieth time, Imperator for the nineteenth time, Consul for the eighth time, Father of his Country, Proconsul; 8.17.4 and Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus, Pious, Fortunate, Invincible, Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, holder of the tribunician power, Imperator for the fifth time, Consul, Father of his Country, Proconsul. 8.17.6 «Among the other things which we are accustomed to arrange for the profit and advantage of the state, we had formerly wished to set all things right in accordance with the ancient laws and public discipline of the Romans, and to make provision for this, that the Christians also, who had abandoned the persuasion of their own ancestors, should return to a good disposition. 8.17.7 For, by some reasoning, so great a willfulness had seized them that they did not follow those things which had been established of old, which perhaps their own ancestors had formerly established, but according to their own purpose and as each one wished, they made laws for themselves and observed these, and in different places they assembled different multitudes. 8.17.8 Therefore when a command of this kind from us followed, that they should betake themselves to the institutions of the ancients, very many were subjected to danger, and very many were disturbed and endured all kinds of deaths; 8.17.9 and since we saw that the majority of them were persisting in the same madness and were neither offering the worship due to the celestial gods nor paying heed to the God of the Christians, having regard to our own philanthropy and our unbroken custom through which we are accustomed to grant pardon to all men, we thought it necessary most willingly to extend our indulgence in this matter also, that they may again be Christians and may re-establish the houses in which they used to assemble, in such a way that they do nothing contrary to discipline. And by another letter we shall indicate to the magistrates what they will need to observe; 8.17.10 wherefore, in accordance with this our indulgence, they ought to supplicate their own God for our safety and that of the state and of themselves, that in every way the state may be preserved unharmed and they may be able to live securely in their own homes.» 8.17.11 These things, set forth in the Roman tongue, translated as well as possible into the Greek language, were of this manner. It is now time to consider what then happened after these things. 8.app.1 But the author of the edict, after such a confession, was immediately and not long after released from his pains and departed this life. The story goes that this man was the primary cause of the calamity of the persecution, having forced the Christians in the armies to turn aside, long ago before the movement of the other emperors, and first of all those in his own household, and some from the

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ἀτοπίαν οἷοί τε, κατεσφάττοντο, οἳ δὲ διῳδηκότος τοῦ παντὸς ὄγκου καὶ εἰς ἀνέλπιστον σωτηρίας ἀποπεπτωκότος μηδὲν ἐπικουρεῖν δυνάμενοι, ἀνηλεῶς ἐκτείνοντο. 8.17.1 Καὶ δὴ τοσούτοις παλαίων κακοῖς συναίσθησιν τῶν κατὰ τῶν θεοσεβῶν αὐτῷ τετολμημένων ἴσχει, συναγαγὼν δ' οὖν εἰς ἑαυτὸν τὴν διάνοιαν, πρῶτα μὲν ἀνθομολογεῖται τῷ τῶν ὅλων θεῷ, εἶτα τοὺς ἀμφ' αὐτὸν ἀνακαλέσας, μηδὲν ὑπερθεμένους τὸν κατὰ Χριστιανῶν ἀποπαῦσαι διωγμὸν νόμῳ τε καὶ δόγματι βασιλικῷ τὰς ἐκκλησίας αὐτῶν οἰκοδομεῖν ἐπισπέρχειν καὶ τὰ συνήθη διαπράττεσθαι, εὐχὰς ὑπὲρ τοῦ βασιλείου ποιουμένους, προστάττει. 8.17.2 αὐτίκα γοῦν ἔργου τῷ λόγῳ παρηκολουθηκότος, ἥπλωτο κατὰ πόλεις βασιλικὰ διατάγματα, τὴν παλινῳδίαν τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς τοῦτον περιέχοντα τὸν τρόπον· 8.17.3 «Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Γαλέριος Οὐαλέριος Μαξιμιανὸς ἀνίκητος Σεβαστός, ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος, Γερμανικὸς μέγιστος, Αἰγυπτιακὸς μέγιστος, Θηβαϊκὸς μέγιστος, Σαρματικὸς μέγιστος πεντάκις, Περσῶν μέγιστος δίς, Κάρπων μέγιστος ἑξάκις, Ἀρμενίων μέγιστος, Μήδων μέγιστος, Ἀδιαβηνῶν μέγιστος, δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας τὸ εἰκοστόν, αὐτοκράτωρ τὸ ἐννεακαιδέκατον, ὕπατος τὸ ὄγδοον, πατὴρ πατρίδος, ἀνθύπατος· 8.17.4 καὶ Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Φλαύιος Οὐαλέριος Κωνσταντῖνος εὐσεβὴς εὐτυχὴς ἀνίκητος Σεβαστός, ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος, δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας, αὐτοκράτωρ τὸ πέμπτον, ὕπατος, πατὴρ πατρίδος, ἀνθύπατος. 8.17.6 «Μεταξὺ τῶν λοιπῶν, ἅπερ ὑπὲρ τοῦ χρησίμου καὶ λυσιτελοῦς τοῖς δημοσίοις διατυπούμεθα, ἡμεῖς μὲν βεβουλήμεθα πρότερον κατὰ τοὺς ἀρχαίους νόμους καὶ τὴν δημοσίαν ἐπιστήμην τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἅπαντα ἐπανορθώσασθαι καὶ τούτου πρόνοιαν ποιήσασθαι ἵνα καὶ οἱ Χριστιανοί, οἵτινες τῶν γονέων τῶν ἑαυτῶν καταλελοίπασιν τὴν αἵρεσιν, εἰς ἀγαθὴν πρόθεσιν ἐπανέλθοιεν. 8.17.7 ἐπείπερ τινὶ λογισμῷ τοσαύτη αὐτοὺς πλεονεξία κατειλήφει ὡς μὴ ἕπεσθαι τοῖς ὑπὸ τῶν πάλαι καταδειχθεῖσιν, ἅπερ ἴσως πρότερον καὶ οἱ γονεῖς αὐτῶν ἦσαν καταστήσαντες, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν αὐτῶν πρόθεσιν καὶ ὡς ἕκαστος ἐβούλετο, οὕτως ἑαυτοῖς καὶ νόμους ποιῆσαι καὶ τούτους παραφυλάσσειν καὶ ἐν διαφόροις διάφορα πλήθη συνάγειν. 8.17.8 τοιγαροῦν τοιούτου ὑφ' ἡμῶν προστάγματος παρακολουθήσαντος ὥστε ἐπὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχαίων κατασταθέντα ἑαυτοὺς μεταστήσαιεν, πλεῖστοι μὲν κινδύνῳ ὑποβληθέντες, πλεῖστοι δὲ ταραχθέντες παντοίους θανάτους ὑπέφερον· 8.17.9 καὶ ἐπειδὴ τῶν πολλῶν τῇ αὐτῇ ἀπονοίᾳ διαμενόντων ἑωρῶμεν μήτε τοῖς θεοῖς τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις τὴν ὀφειλομένην θρῃσκείαν προσάγειν αὐτοὺς μήτε τῷ τῶν Χριστιανῶν προσέχειν, ἀφορῶντες εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν φιλανθρωπίαν καὶ τὴν διηνεκῆ συνήθειαν δι' ἧς εἰώθαμεν ἅπασιν ἀνθρώποις συγγνώμην ἀπονέμειν, προθυμότατα καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τὴν συγχώρησιν τὴν ἡμετέραν ἐπεκ τεῖναι δεῖν ἐνομίσαμεν, ἵνα αὖθις ὦσιν Χριστιανοὶ καὶ τοὺς οἴκους ἐν οἷς συνήγοντο συνθῶσιν οὕτως ὥστε μηδὲν ὑπεναντίον τῆς ἐπιστήμης αὐτοὺς πράττειν. δι' ἑτέρας δὲ ἐπιστολῆς τοῖς δικασταῖς δηλώσομεν τί αὐτοὺς παραφυλάξασθαι δεήσει· 8.17.10 ὅθεν κατὰ ταύτην τὴν συγχώρησιν τὴν ἡμετέραν ὀφείλουσιν τὸν ἑαυτῶν θεὸν ἱκετεύειν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας καὶ τῶν δημοσίων καὶ τῆς ἑαυτῶν, ἵνα κατὰ πάντα τρόπον καὶ τὰ δημόσια παρασχεθῇ ὑγιῆ καὶ ἀμέριμνοι ζῆν ἐν τῇ ἑαυτῶν ἑστίᾳ δυνηθῶσι.» 8.17.11 Ταῦτα κατὰ τὴν Ῥωμαίων φωνήν, ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα γλῶτταν κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν μεταληφθέντα, τοῦτον εἶχεν τὸν τρόπον. τί δὴ οὖν ἐπὶ τούτοις γίνεται, ἐπιθεωρῆσαι καιρός. 8.αππ.1 Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν τῆς γραφῆς αἴτιος μετὰ τὴν τοιάνδε ὁμολογίαν αὐτίκα καὶ οὐκ εἰς μακρὸν τῶν ἀλγηδόνων ἀπαλλαγεὶς μεταλλάττει τὸν βίον. τοῦτον δὴ λόγος ἔχει πρῶτον αἴτιον τῆς τοῦ διωγμοῦ καταστῆναι συμφορᾶς, ἔτι πάλαι πρὸ τῆς τῶν λοιπῶν βασιλέων κινήσεως τοὺς ἐν στρατείαις Χριστιανοὺς καὶ πρώτους γε ἁπάντων τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου παρατρέπειν ἐκβεβιασμένον καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐκ τῆς