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of Callinicus, surnamed Ceraunus, for 3 years. It was the year of the world 5259. 6th, Antiochus his brother, surnamed the Great, reigned over Syria for 36 years. It was the year of the world 5262. This Antiochus, called the Great, is according to some the brother of Seleucus Ceraunus who reigned before him, but according to others his son. His reign began in the 137th Olympiad, and not in the 139th as Eusebius thinks. In these same times, Antiochus the Great began to wage war against the Romans, while Hannibal was general in the Spains and Carthage and was being warred against by the Romans and was waging war before his flight to Prusias in Bithynia. And first, this same Antiochus the Great, having engaged the Romans at Thermopylae in Greece, is defeated; then, having gathered armies and taken on Hannibal the Carthaginian from Bithynia, he again wars against the Romans near Thyateira, a city of Lydia, while Scipio Africanus was general with his brother Scipio. And he is defeated, 344 so that he became tributary to the Romans, paying 1000 talents and giving many triremes and the cost of the war. But Hannibal, having fled again from Thyateira to Prusias, ends his life with poison out of fear of the Romans. In his time the events recorded by the Jews in the first book of Maccabees took place. And still the second war against the Carthaginians is stirred up, it too lasting 19 years for the Romans. For Hannibal, general of the Carthaginians, young in spirit and age, seized Spain, which was under the Romans, and invaded Italy itself, with Gauls and many other barbarians as his allies. First, then, the consuls Cornelius Scipio and Sempronius Gracchus war against him, and they, having fled, barely escape the danger. After them, Lucius Flaminius, having warred against him, was destroyed with his force. Third, Fabius Maximus, a strategic man, serving as consul, contends against him and turns Hannibal back, having prevailed by strategy rather than force. At that time also Archimedes the geometer with his engines repulsed the Romans many times as they besieged Syracuse, as he lived in it. There he is also killed by a certain soldier, when the city was suddenly taken while the Syracusans were celebrating a festival, against the wish of Marcellus, the Roman general, who, having placed Sicily again under the Romans, celebrated a triumphal procession. And when many other Roman generals after this had warred against Hannibal, who held Carthage and Spain, and had not prevailed against him, finally Scipio Africanus, having turned back Hannibal's force in Spain, in the 145th Olympiad, being both consul and having received authority and governing all of Italy, sailed to Carthage with a great fleet and sacked the entire country of the Carthaginians near Libya, so that the Carthaginian authorities summoned Hannibal from Italy; with whom Scipio clashed as he returned near Carthage and prevailed in the battle so much that Hannibal fled and went to the king of Bithynia, to Prusias, ashamed before the Carthaginians. Then also the same Africanus Sci 345 pio, surnamed by the senatorial council on account of so great a success, subjected Carthage to the Romans and led a triumph in Rome. 7th, Seleucus III his son reigned over Syria for 12 years. He was also called Philopator. It was the year of the world 5278. 8th, Antiochus Epiphanes reigned over Syria for 11 years. It was the year of the world 5310. Antiochus Epiphanes, reigning over Syria, first attacks Ptolemy Philometor in Egypt and for a short time drives him from the kingdom of Egypt. But being prevented by the Romans and driven out by the Alexandrians, he sacks Jerusalem and defiles the temple, setting up in it the abomination of Olympian Zeus, according to the prophecy of Daniel the great; and he removes the sacred vessels and compels the Jews to Hellenize. at which things Matthias the priest, being zealous, with his sons Judas and Jonathan the Maccabees

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Καλλινίκου, ὁ Κεραυνὸς ἐπικληθείς, ἔτη γʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εσνθʹ. Συρίας ςʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀντίοχος ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ, ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς μέγας, ἔτη λςʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εσξβʹ. Οὗτος ὁ κληθεὶς μέγας Ἀντίοχος κατὰ μὲν τινὰς ἀδελφός ἐστι Σελεύκου τοῦ πρὸ αὐτοῦ βασιλεύσαντος Κεραυνοῦ, κατὰ δὲ ἑτέρους υἱὸς αὐτοῦ. ἀρχὴν δὲ ἔλαβεν ἡ αὐτοῦ βασιλεία κατὰ τὴν ρλζʹ ὀλυμπιάδα, καὶ οὐχ ὡς Εὐσεβίῳ δοκεῖ κατὰ τὴν ρλθʹ. Κατὰ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Ἀντίοχος Ῥωμαίοις πολεμεῖν ὁ μέγας ἤρξατο Ἀννίβα κατὰ τὰς Σπανίας καὶ τὴν Καρχηδόνα στρατηγοῦντος καὶ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καταπολεμουμένου καὶ πολεμοῦντος πρὸ τῆς εἰς Βιθυνίαν φυ γῆς πρὸς Προυσίαν. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις τῆς Ἑλλάδος Ῥωμαίοις συμβαλὼν ὁ αὐτὸς μέγας Ἀντίοχος ἡττᾶται, ἔπειτα δὲ συλλέξας στρατόπεδα καὶ Ἀννίβαν τὸν Καρχηδόνιον ἐκ Βιθυνίας προσλαβόμενος, πρὸς Θυατείροις πόλει τῆς Λυδίας αὖθις Ῥωμαίοις πολεμεῖ, Σκηπίωος Ἀφρικανοῦ σὺν ἀδελφῷ Σκηπίωνι στρατηγοῦντος. καὶ οὗτος ἡττᾶται, 344 ὥστε αὐτὸν ὑπόσπονδον γενέσθαι Ῥωμαίοις τελοῦντα α τάλαντα καὶ τριήρεις πολλὰς δόντα καὶ τὴν δαπάνην τοῦ πολέμου. Ἀννίβας δὲ πρὸς Προυσίαν φυγὼν αὖθις ἀπὸ Θυατείρων φαρμάκῳ τελευτᾷ τὸν βίον τῷ φόβῳ Ῥωμαίων. Ἐπὶ τούτου ἐπράχθη τὰ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην τῶν Μακκαβαίων βίβλον παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἱστορούμενα. Ἔτι δὲ καὶ ὁ πρὸς Καρχηδονίους δεύτερος πόλεμος κινεῖται, κρατήσας καὶ αὐτὸς ἔτη ιθʹ Ῥωμαίοις. Ἀννίβας γὰρ Καρχηδονίων στρατηγὸς νέος τῷ φρονήματι καὶ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ Σπανίαν κατέσχεν οὖσαν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους, καὶ τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ αὐτῇ ἐπῆλθε συμμαχούντων αὐτῷ Γάλλων καὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν βαρβάρων. πρῶτοι οὖν αὐτῷ Κορνήλιος Σκηπίων καὶ Σεμπρώνιος Γράκ χος ὕπατοι πολεμοῦσιν, οἳ καὶ φυγόντες μόλις διασῴζονται τοῦ κινδύνου. μεθ' οὓς Λούκιος Φαλαμήνιος πολεμήσας αὐτῶ μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως διε φθάρη. τρίτος πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀγωνίζεται Φάβιος Μάξιμος ἀνὴρ στρατηγικὸς ὑπατεύων καὶ τρέπει τὸν Ἀννίβαν στρατηγίᾳ μᾶλλον, οὐ δυνάμει κρατήσας. Τότε καὶ Ἀρχιμήδης γεωμέτρης τοῖς μηχανήμασι Ῥωμαίους ἀπώσατο πολλάκις πολιορκοῦντας Συρακούσας, οἰκῶν ἐν αὐταῖς. ἔνθα καὶ ἀναιρεῖ ται ὑπό τινος στρατιώτου, τῆς πόλεως ἄφνω ληφθείσης ἑορταζόντων Συρακουσίων, παρὰ γνώμην Μαρκέλλου στρατηγοῦ Ῥωμαίων, ὃς ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους αὖθις τὴν Σικελίαν θεὶς ἐπινίκιον πομπὴν ἐθριάμβευσε. Πολλῶν δὲ ἄλλων Ῥωμαίων στρατηγῶν μετὰ ταῦτα πολεμησάντων Ἀννίβᾳ κρατοῦντι Καρχηδόνος καὶ Ἱσπανίας καὶ μὴ κατισχυσάντων αὐτοῦ τέλος Σκηπίων Ἀφρικανὸς τρέψας τὴν Ἀννίβα δύναμιν ἐν Ἱσπανίᾳ κατὰτὴν ρμεʹ ὀλυμπιάδα ὑπατεύσας τε καὶ κατ' ἐξουσίαν λαβὼν καὶ διοικῶν τὴν ὅλην Ἰταλίαν ἐπὶ Καρχηδόνα διέπλει στόλῳ μεγάλῳ καὶ τὴν ἅπασαν πορθεῖ πρὸς τῇ Λιβύῃ χώραν Καρχηδονίων, ὥστε τοὺς ἐν τέλει Καρχηδο νίους μεταστείλασθαι τὸν Ἀννίβαν ἐξ Ἰταλίας· ᾧτινι Σκηπίων συγκρούσας ἐπανιόντι πρὸς τῇ Καρχηδόνι κρατεῖ τῆς μάχης τοσοῦτον ὥστε φυγεῖν τὸν Ἀννίβαν καὶ πρὸς τὸν Βιθυνίας ἐλθεῖν βασιλέα εἰς Προυσίαν αἰδούμενον Καρχηδονίους. τότε καὶ Καρχηδόνα Ῥωμαίοις ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀφρικανὸς Σκη 345 πίων ἐπικληθεὶς ὑπὸ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς διὰ τὸ τηλικοῦτον κατόρθωμα παρεστήσατο καὶ θρίαμβον ἐν Ῥώμῃ κατήγαγε. Συρίας ζʹ ἐβασίλευσε Σέλευκος γʹ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἔτη ιβʹ. οὗτος καὶ Φιλο πάτωρ ἐλέγετο. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος εςζηʹ. Συρίας ηʹ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἐπιφανὴς ἔτη ιαʹ. τοῦ δὲ κόσμου ἦν ἔτος ετιʹ. Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἐπιφανὴς Συρίας βασιλεύων πρῶτον μὲν Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ Φιλομήτορι ἐπιτίθεται κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου βασιλείας ἐκβάλλει πρὸς βραχύ. κωλυθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀλεξανδρέων διωχθεὶς τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐκπορθεῖ καὶ τὸν ναὸν βεβηλοῖ, ∆ιὸς Ὀλυμπίου βδέλυγμα ἀναστηλώσας ἐν αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν προφητείαν ∆ανιὴλ τοῦ μεγάλου, τά τε ἱερὰ σκεύη ἀφαιρεῖται καὶ ἑλληνίζειν ἀναγκάζει τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. ἐφ' οἷς Ματθίας ὁ ἱερεὺς ζηλώσας σὺν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰούδᾳ καὶ Ἰωνάθῃ τοῖς Μακκαβαίοις