156

Concerning participation in the Holy Spirit. And that it is impossible for the works of virtue to be confirmed otherwise, except through the indwelling of the Spirit, without whom no one is guided toward virtue, nor is able to benefit others or receive the thoughts of others. And concerning the Three-Hypostatic Divinity being equal in all things and likewise existing.

Discourse 33. (411) Brothers and fathers, God is fire and is so named by all divinely-inspired

Scripture, and the soul of each of us is a lamp. Just as the lamp, then, even if it is filled with oil or with tow or has some other flammable material, before it partakes of the fire and is lit, is entirely darkened, so also the soul, even if it appears to be adorned with all the virtues, but has not partaken of the fire, that is, has not received the divine substance and light, is still extinguished and darkened and its works are uncertain. For all things must be tested and made manifest by the light.

(412) He, therefore, who still has the lamp of his soul thus clearly without a share of the divine fire, is rather in need of a guide and a lamp that both shines and discerns his actions and who sympathizes with his faults through confession and corrects the things wrongly done by him hour by hour. For just as it is not possible for one who walks at night not to stumble, so it is not possible for one who does not yet behold the divine light not to fall, as Christ says: 'If anyone walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees this light. But if anyone walks in the night, he stumbles, because he does not have the light in himself'. - And by saying 'in himself,' He indicated the divine and immaterial light; for no one can possess the perceptible light in himself.

Just as, therefore, one who walks in darkness is not benefited at all if he holds many beautiful, extinguished torches - for he sees neither himself nor anyone else by them, so neither does he who thinks he has all the virtues within himself, if that were possible, not having the light of the Holy Spirit in himself, neither see his own actions well, nor is he fully assured if they are pleasing to God. But neither is he able to guide others or to teach the will of God, nor is he worthy to receive the thoughts of others, even if he becomes a patriarch among men, until he possesses the light shining in himself. For Christ says: "Walk while you have the light, lest darkness overtake you, and he who walks in darkness does not know where he is going." If then that one knows where he is going, (413) how will he show the way to others? What then is the benefit, if someone should place an extinguished lamp upon another lamp, which is deprived of burning and shining fire? For one must not do so! But how? As God over all Himself has ordained, for He says: "No one, after lighting a lamp, puts it in a cellar or under a bushel, but on a lampstand, so that those who enter may see the light." Having said this, therefore, He adds also the characteristics of the guided lamp that has the light with it, saying thus: "The lamp of the body is the eye." Whom, then, does He mean by this "eye" if not certainly the mind, which could never become simple, unless it beholds the simple light? And the simple light is Christ. He, at any rate, who always has His light shining in his mind, is said to have the mind of Christ. When, therefore, your eye is thus simple, your whole bodiless body of the soul will be full of light; but when the mind is evil, that is, darkened and extinguished, this body of yours also will be dark. See to it then that the light in you is not darkness; "'Take heed,' He says, 'lest

156

Περί μετοχῆς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου. Καί ὅτι ἀδύνατον ἄλλως βεβαιωθῆναι τά ἔργα τῆς ἀρετῆς, εἰ μή δι᾿ ἐπιδημίας τοῦ Πνεύματος, οὗ χωρίς οὐδείς πρός ἀρετήν κατευθύνεται, οὐδέ ἄλλους ὠφελεῖν δύναται ἤ ἀλλοτρίους δέχεσθαι λογισμούς. Καί περί τό ἴσον κατά πάντα καί ὡσαύτως ὄν τῆς Τρισυποστάτου

Θεότητος.

Λόγος ΛΓ΄. (411) Ἀδελφοί καί πατέρες, πῦρ ἐστιν ὁ Θεός καί τοῦτο παρά πάσης θεοπνεύστου

Γραφῆς ὀνομάζεται, ἡ δέ ψυχή ἑκάστου ἡμῶν λυχνία. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἡ λυχνία, κἄν ἐλαίου πεπλήρωται κἄν στυππείου κἄν ἄλλην ὕλην ἔχῃ εὐάναπτον, πρό τοῦ μετασχεῖν τοῦ πυρός καί ἀναφθῆναι ὅλη ἐσκοτισμένη ἐστίν, οὕτω καί ἡ ψυχή, κἄν πάσαις τό δοκεῖν κοσμῆται ταῖς ἀρεταῖς, τοῦ δέ πυρός οὐ μετέσχεν, εἴτ᾿ οὖν οὐσίας θείας καί φωτός οὐ μετέλαβεν, ἔστιν ἔτι ἐσβεσμένη καί ἐσκοτισμένη καί τά ἔργα αὐτῆς ἀβέβαια. Πάντα γάρ ὑπό τοῦ φωτός ἐλεγχθῆναι δεῖ καί φανερωθεῖναι.

(412) Ὁ οὖν οὕτως ἔχων ἔτι τήν λυχνίαν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ ἀμέτοχον δηλονότι τοῦ θείου πυρός , ὁδηγοῦ δέεται μᾶλλον καί λύχνου φαίνοντος ἅμα καί διακρίνοντος τάς πράξεις αὐτοῦ καί τά δι᾿ ἐξαγορεύσεως συμπαθοῦντος αὐτῷ σφάλματα καί τά στρεβλῶς ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καθ᾿ ὥραν διαπραττόμενα ἐπανορθοῦντος. Ὡς γάρ οὐκ ἐνδέχεται μή προσκόπτειν τόν περιπατοῦντα νυκτός, οὕτως οὐκ ἐνδέχεται μή πταίειν τόν μήπω καθορῶντα τό θεῖον φῶς, καθώς φησιν ὁ Χριστός· "Ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τό φῶς τοῦτο βλέπει. Ἐάν δέ τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί, προσκόπτει, ὅτι τό φῶς οὐκ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ". - "Ἐν ἑαυτῷ" δέ εἰπών, τό θεῖον ἐδήλωσε καί ἄϋλον φῶς· ἐν ἑαυτῷ γάρ τό αἰσθητόν οὐδείς δύναται κτήσασθαι.

Ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδέν ὠφελεῖται ὁ ἐν σκότει περιπατῶν, ἐάν λαμπάδας κατέχῃ ἐσβεσμένας πολλάς καί περικαλλεῖς - οὔτε γάρ ἑαυτόν οὔτε ἕτερόν τινα ὡς ἐκ τούτων ὁρᾷ , οὕτως οὐδέ ὁ τάς ἀρετάς πάσας, εἰ οἷόν τε, δοκῶν ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν, μή ἔχων τό φῶς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος, οὐδέ τάς αὐτοῦ πράξεις καλῶς ἰδεῖν, οὐδέ εἰ πρός ἀρέσκειαν Θεοῦ εἰσι, τελείως πεπληροφόρηται. Ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ ἄλλους ὁδηγῆσαι ἤ τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάξαι δύναται, οὐδέ λογισμούς ἀλλοτρίους ἐστίν ἀναδέχεσθαι ἄξιος, εἰ καί πατριάρχης ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γενήσεται, ἕως ἄν τό φῶς ἐν ἑαυτῷ φαῖνον κτήσηται. Φησί γάρ ὁ Χριστός· "Περιπατεῖτε ἕως τό φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μή σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ, καί ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ οὐκ οἶδε ποῦ ὑπάγει"" Εἰ οὖν ἐκεῖνος οἶδε ποῦ ὑπάγει, (413) πῶς τήν ὁδόν ἄλλοις ὑποδείξει; Τί οὖν ὄφελος, ἐάν λύχνον ἐσβεσμένον ἐπί ἑτέρᾳ λυχνίᾳ τις ἐπιθείη, πυρός καιομένου ἐστερημένῃ καί φαίνοντος. Οὐ γάρ οὕτω δεῖ ποιεῖν! Ἀλλά πῶς; Ὡς αὐτός ὁ ἐπί πάντων Θεός διωρίσατο, φησί γάρ· "Οὐδείς λύχνον ἅψας εἰς κρύπτην τίθησιν, οὐδέ ὑπό τόν μόδιον, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπί τήν λυχνίαν, ἵνα οἱ εἰσπορευόμενοι τό φέγγος βλέπωσι". Τοῦτο οὖν εἰπών προστίθησι καί τά γνωρίσματα τοῦ ὁδηγουμένου λύχνου καί ἔχοντος μεθ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ τό φῶς, οὕτω λέγων· "Ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστι ὁ ὀφθαλμός". Τίνα τοίνυν λέγει διά τούτου τόν ὀφθαλμόν ἤ πάντως τόν νοῦν, ὅς οὐδέποτε ἄν γένηται ἁπλοῦς, εἰ μή ὅτε τό ἁπλοῦν θεάσηται φῶς; Φῶς δέ ἁπλοῦν ὁ Χριστός. Ὁ γοῦν ἀεί ἔχων τό φῶς αὐτοῦ λάμπον ἐν διανοίᾳ, νοῦν Χριστοῦ ἔχειν λέγεται. Ὅταν οὖν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου οὕτως ἁπλοῦς ᾖ, καί ὅλον τό ἀσώματον σῶμά σου τῆς ψυχῆς φωτεινόν ἔσται· ἐπάν δέ πονηρός ᾖ ὁ νοῦς, τουτέστιν ἐσκοτισμένος καί ἐσβεσμένος, καί τό σῶμά σου τοῦτο σκοτεινόν ἔσται. Σκόπει οὖν μή τό φῶς τό ἐν σοί σκότος ἐστί· "Βλέπε, φησί, μή