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divine natural energies and so God is not even [God] anymore, or if there are divine energies, natural and essential, and these are created, then the essence of God which has them will also be created. For of whatever essence and nature the natural and essential energies are created, that very nature and essence which has them is and is known as created.

Tell me then: whence have we known Christ in two energies and natures, if the natural energies of God are not uncreated? And whence do we know him in two wills, if God did not have a natural and divine will? What then is the will of God, is it not an energy of the nature of God? Is then the will of the uncreated created? And is it under time and a beginning and did he have a will which he did not have before the ages? What then? By compulsion or by changing his mind? Thus with these novelties this miserable one insults not only the divine nature but also the sojourn in the flesh of the Savior and wishing to be an accuser of Christians, he has cast himself out from the pious fullness of Christians, having been convicted by his own words as a Monophysite and a Monothelite and worse than any who have ever appeared. For if every energy of God, apart from the essence of God which first energizes all things, according to his words, had a beginning in time, then of necessity every energy of God is created. Therefore Christ did not have created and uncreated energies by nature, (p. 708) but only created ones, therefore he was of one energy and this not divine, as those heretics said, for they are all under the category of created things. but if he was of one energy, he was of necessity also of one nature, and this again not divine, according to the Monophysites of old, but created; for the nature whose energy is created, is not itself uncreated.

Furthermore, if God does not have beginningless energies, being beyond them, inasmuch as that which energizes thus transcends the things energized, how is he pre-beginningless and super-beginningless? For just as he would not be more-than-God, according to the great Dionysius, unless the reality of the deifying gift were called divinity, which always is from the ever-existing God according to the divine Maximus (for if one would not grant this, those who are deified would partake of the nature of God and would be gods by nature); as, therefore, if the grace of deification did not exist, God would not be called more-than-God, so also he would not be called super-beginningless, unless, just as the divine Maximus says, "the beginningless works of God are immortality and infinity and beingness and whatever is essentially contemplated concerning God." And how, by participation in such grace, according to the same saint, does man become beginningless, just like Melchizedek, who is witnessed "to have neither beginning of days nor end of life," and everyone who, according to Paul, lives the divine and eternal life of the indwelling Word, if grace were not beginningless?

"But even if someone were to grant," he says, "that the divine energies are uncreated, no one has seen them unless they have become created." That they, therefore, never become created, but only the participants are created, while the things participated in pre-exist in God, and how, if this were not so, created things would participate in the essence of God, which is more absurd than anything, this then let us leave aside for now. But we do not see (p. 710) things far off as if they were before our eyes, nor future things as present, nor do we know the will of God for us, unless it comes to pass, but the prophets knew the counsel existing in God before the ages, though not yet accomplished. So too the chosen of the disciples, as you hear the Church chanting, if your ears have not been deafened, saw on Tabor the essential and eternal comeliness of God, not the glory of God from created things, as you yourself have grovelingly supposed, but the very super-luminous splendor of the archetypal beauty, the very formless form of the divine fairness, by which is deified and is deemed worthy of divine face to face conversation the

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φυσικαί θεῖαι ἐρνέργεαι καί οὐδέ Θεός ἐστι λοιπόν, ἤ εἴπερ εἰσίν ἐνέργειαι θεῖαι, φυσικαί καί οὐσιώδεις, κτισταί δέ εἰσιν αὗται, κτιστήν ἔσται καί ἡ ταύτας ἔχουσα οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ˙ ἧς γάρ οὐσίας τε καί φύσεως αἱ φυσικαί καί οὐσιώδεις ἐνέργειαι κτισταί, καί αὐτή ἡ ταύτας ἔχουσα φύσις καί οὐσία κτιστή καί ἔστι καί γινώσκεται.

Εἰπέ δή μοι˙ πόθεν ἐν δυσίν ἐνεργείαις καί φύσεσιν ἔγνωμεν Χριστόν, εἰ μή αἱ τοῦ Θεοῦ φυσικαί ἐνέργειαι ἄκτιστοί εἰσι; Πόθεν δέ καί ἐν δυσί θελήσεσι γινώσκομεν αὐτόν, εἰ μή καί ὁ Θεός θέλησιν εἶχε φυσικήν καί θείαν; Τί οὖν τό τοῦ Θεοῦ θέλημα, οὐχί φύσεώς ἐστιν ἐνέργεια Θεοῦ; Ἆρ᾿ οὖν κτιστόν ἐστι τό τοῦ ἀκτίστου θέλημα; Ἆρα δέ καί ὑπό χρόνον καί ἀρχήν ἐστι καί θέλησιν ἔσχεν, ἥν οὐκ εἶχε πρό αἰώνων; Τί οὖν; Ἀναγκασθείς ἤ μεταβουλευθείς; Οὕτω ταῖς καινοφωνίαις ὁ ταλαίπωρος οὗτος, οὐ τῇ θείᾳ φύσει μόνον ἀλλά καί τῇ διά σαρκός ἐπιδημίᾳ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐπηρεάζει καί χριστιανοκατήγορος ἐθέλων εἶναι τοῦ χριστιανῶν εὐσεβοῦς πληρώματος ἑαυτόν ἐξέβαλε, μονοφυσίτης τε καί μονοθελήτης καί τῶν πώποτε ἀναφανέντων χείρων ὑπό τῶν οἰκείων λόγων ἐξελεγχθείς. Εἰ γάρ πᾶσα ἐνέργεια Θεοῦ, χωρίς τῆς τά πάντα πρώτως ἐνεργούσης οὐσίας τοῦ Θεοῦ, κατά τούς ἐκείνου λόγους, χρονικήν ἔσχεν ἀρχήν, καί κτιστή ἐστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης πᾶσα ἐνέργεια Θεοῦ˙ λοιπόν οὐκ εἶχεν ὁ Χριστός κτιστάς καί ἀκτίστους ἐνεργείας φυσικῶς, (σελ. 708) ἀλλά κτιστάς μόνον, μιᾶς ἄρα ἐνεργείας ἦν καί ταύτης οὐ θείας, ὡς οἱ κακόδοξοι ἐκεῖνοι ἔλεγον, ὑπό γάρ τό κτιστόν ἅπασαί εἰσιν˙ εἰ δέ μιᾶς ἦν ἐνεργείας καί μιᾶς φύσεως ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἦν, καί ταύτης αὖθις οὐ θείας, κατά τούς πάλαι ποτέ μονοφυσίτας, ἀλλά κτιστῆς˙ ἧς γάρ φύσεως ἡ ἐνέργεια κτιστή, ἄκτιστος αὐτή οὐκ ἔστι.

Πρός δέ, εἰ μή ἀνάρχους ἔχει ἐνεργείας ὁ Θεός, τούτων ὤν ἐπέκεινα, καθ᾿ ὅσον τό ἐνεργοῦν οὕτω τῶν ἐνεργουμένων ὑπερέχει, πῶς προάναρχος καί ὑπεράναρχος ἐστιν; Ὡς γάρ ὑπέρθεος οὐκ ἄν ἦν, κατά τόν μέγαν ∆ιονύσιον, εἰ μή θεότης ἐλέγετο τό χρῆμα τοῦ θεοποιοῦ δώρου, ὁ ἀεί ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ ἀεί ὄντος Θεοῦ κατά τόν θεῖον Μάξιμον (εἰ γάρ μή τοῦτο δοίη τις, τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φύσεως μεθέξουσιν οἱ θεούμενοι καί φύσει ἔσονται θεοί)˙ ὡς οὖν, εἰ μή ἡ χάρις τῆς θεώσεως ἦν, οὐκ ἄν ὑπέρθεος ἐκαλεῖτο ὁ Θεός, οὕτως οὐδέ ὑπεράναρχος κληθεί ἄν, εἰ μή, καθάπερ ὁ θεῖος Μάξιμός φησιν, «ἄναρχα ἔργα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἀθανασία καί ἡ ἀπειρία καί ἡ ὀντότης καί ὅσα περί τόν Θεόν οὐσιωδῶς θεωρεῖται». Πῶς δέ καί κατά μέθεξιν τῆς τοιαύτης χάριτος, κατά τόν αὐτόν ἅγιον, ἄναρχος γίνεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος, καθάπερ ὁ Μελχισεδέκ, «μήτε ἀρχήν ἡμερῶν μήτε ζωῆς τέλος» ἐσχηκέναι μαρτυρούμενος, καί πᾶς ὁ κατά Παῦλον τήν τοῦ ἐνοικήσαντος λόγου ζῶν θείαν καί ἀΐδιον ζωήν, εἰ μή ἄναρχος ἡ χάρις εἴη;

«Ἀλλ᾿ εἰ καί τις δοίη», φησίν, «ἀκτίστους εἶναι ἐνεργείας θείας, οὐδείς ἑώρακεν αὐτάς, εἰ μή κτισταί γεγόνασιν». Ὅτι μέν οὖν οὐδέποτε ἐκεῖναι γίνονται κτισταί, ἀλλά μόνα τά μετέχοντά ἐστι κτιστά, τῶν μεθεκτῶν προόντων ἐν Θεῷ, καί ὡς, εἰ μή τοῦτ᾿ εἴη, τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Θεοῦ τά κτίσματα μεθέξουσιν, ὅ παντός μᾶλλον ἄτοπόν ἐστι, τοῦτο μέν οὖν ἀφῶμεν νῦν. Ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ τά πόρρω ὡς ὑπ᾿ ὀφθαλμούς ἡμεῖς (σελ. 710) ὁρῶμεν, οὐδέ τά μέλλοντα ὡς ἐνεστῶτα, οὐδέ τό περί ἡμῶν θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰ μή ἐκβαίη, γινώσκομεν ἡμεῖς, οἱ δέ προφῆται καί τήν ἐν Θεῷ πρό τῶν αἰώνων ἐνυπάρχουσαν ἐγνώκασι βουλήν, μήπω ἀποτελεσθεῖσαν. Οὕτω καί οἱ ἔκκριτοι τῶν μαθητῶν, καθάπερ ἀκούεις ψάλλουσαν τήν Ἐκκλησίαν, εἰ μή ἐκκεκώφηται τά ὦτα, τήν οὐσιώδη τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ἀΐδιον εὐπρέπειαν εἶδον ἐν Θαβώρ, οὐ τήν ἀπό τῶν κτισμάτων δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὡς αὐτός χαμαιζήλως ὑπείληφας, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτήν τήν ὑπέρφωτον τοῦ ἀρχετύπου κάλλους λαμρπότητα, αὐτό τό ἀνείδεον εἶδος τῆς θεϊκῆς ὡραιότητος, δι᾿ οὗ θεουργεῖται καί τῆς πρός πρόσωπον θείας ὁμιλίας καταξιοῦται ὁ