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you have let go: for though the God-inspired speakers clearly say that we will not then need air and the light through it, you declare this light, which is not perceptible by the power of sense, the beauty of the future and abiding age, to be perceptible and visible then through air.

“But even if I am beset by incontinence with respect to such a light,” he says, “yet having my ears open, I hear him who says 'that God is sketched out by the mind alone from the things around Him, illumining our ruling faculty to such a degree, and this when it has been purified, as much as the sight of a lightning flash's speed, which does not stand still.'” You truly resemble a blind man being taught about light by one who sees, who, before fully hearing the teacher, because of his overwhelming folly, as if he himself knew better and were about to teach, (p. 716) rises up against his teacher. For what does this theologian say as he proceeds? “For this reason God illumines the mind alone very dimly at first, so that on the one hand He might draw it to Himself by what is perceptible, and on the other be marveled at for what is imperceptible, and being marveled at, be desired more, and being desired, might purify.” What does He purify when desired? The mind alone? No: for according to the fathers, even this does not require much effort to be purified, and it is its nature to fall easily from purity, for which reason it could be purified even without divine desire, as this theologian has shown, and such a purification is suitable for beginners. But the divine desire, purifying every state and power of both soul and body and making the purification more permanent for the mind, makes man receptive of deifying grace. For this reason the divine, “when experienced, purifies, and in purifying, makes men godlike; and when they have become such, He consorts with them as with His own—the Word dares something youthful—God uniting Himself to gods and being known; and perhaps to the extent that He already knows those who are known.” Where here is the dimness of the illumination? “For 'to the extent,'” he says, “'that God knows them, to that same extent, perhaps, they too,'” he says, “'know God.'” How? Not by dim applications of the intellect, as he said at the beginning of his discourse, but knowing God in God and having already become godlike through union with Him and by a godlike power attaining to the most divine graces of the Spirit, upon which it is impossible for those who are not godlike and who seek the things of God by the mind alone to gaze.

But that the one who has this experience knows God by the grace that makes man godlike has already become clear. But from where will we know that this grace is also light? From the same man again or from another of those who teach through experience. Let another then come forward, so that there may be more who bear witness with us. For the divine Maximus, having said (p. 718) that the union of the saints in the age to come will be with the mystery of the divine simplicity, adds: “in which, beholding the light of the invisible and ineffable glory, they themselves also become receptive of the blessed purity with the powers above.” But from where do we know that this light is also deification? Hear from the same man again: for having stated, as far as is possible, the manner of God's union with those who are being deified, that it occurs in the manner of the soul with the body, so that the whole man might be deified, being divinely worked by the grace of the incarnate God, he adds: “the whole man remaining soul and body through the grace and the divine splendor of the blessed glory which befits him completely.” Did you see how that light is the splendor of God? What then, is the splendor of God created? But hear what follows: “after which it is not possible to conceive of anything more splendid or more exalted; for what is more desirable than deification for those who are worthy?” Have you heard that this splendor is deification and that for those deemed worthy there is nothing higher than this contemplation? But do you want to learn that this is that by which God is united to the worthy? Hear again what follows: “by which God, to gods

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ἀφῆκας˙ τῶν θεηγόρων γάρ σαφῶς λεγόντων ὡς οὐκ ἀέρος καί τοῦ δι᾿ αὐτοῦ φωτός τότε δεησόμεθα, σύ τό μή ληπτόν αἰσθητικῇ δυνάμει τοῦτο φῶς, τήν καλλονήν τοῦ μέλλοντος καί μένοντος αἰῶνος, αἰσθητόν ἀποφαίνῃ καί δι᾿ ἀέρος καί τότ᾿ εἶναι ὁρατόν.

«Ἀλλ᾿ εἰ καί πρός τό τοιοῦτο φῶς ἀκρασίαν περίκειμαι», φησίν, «ἀλλ᾿ ἀνεῳγμένα ὦτα ἔχων, τοῦ λέγοντος ἀκούω "ὡς ἐκ τῶν περί αὐτόν νῷ μόνῳ σκιαγραφεῖται ὁ Θεός, τοσαῦτα περιλάμπων ἡμῶν τό ἡγεμονικόν, καί ταῦτα κεκαθαρμένων, ὅσα καί ὄψιν ἀστραπῆς τάχος οὐχ ἱσταμένης"῾ Ὄντως ἔοικας τυφλῷ παρά του τῶν ὁρώντων περί φωτός διδασκομένῳ, ὅς, πρίν διακοῦσαι τοῦ διδάσκοντος, ὑπό τῆς ὑπερβεβαλούσης ἀπονοίας, ὡς αὐτός κρεῖττον εἰδώς τε καί διδάξων, (σελ. 716) ἐπανίσταται τῷ διδασκάλῳ. Τί γάρ προϊών φησιν ὁ θεολόγος οὗτος; «∆ιά τοῦτο περιλάμπει λίαν ἀμυδρῶς τῷ νῷ μόνῳ τήν ἀρχήν ὁ Θεός, ἵνα τῷ ληπτῷ μέν ἕλκῃ πρός ἑαυτόν, τῷ δέ ἀλήπτῳ θαυμάζηται, θαυμαζόμενον δέ ποθῆται πλέον, ποθούμενον δέ καθαίρῃ». Τί καθαίρει ποθούμενον; Τόν νοῦν ἆρα μόνον; Οὔ˙ καί γάρ οὗτος κατά τούς πατέρας οὐ πολλῆς σπουδῆς εἰς τό καθήρασθαι δεῖται, ρᾷδτά τε τῆς καθαρότητος πέφυκεν ἐκπίπτειν, διό καί χωρίς τοῦ θείου πόθου καθαρθείη ἄν ὡς ὁ θεολόγος οὗτος ἔδειξε, καί τοῖς εἰσαγομένοις ἡ τοιαύτη κάθαρσίς ἐστι κατάλληλος. Ὁ δέ θεῖος πόθος, πᾶσαν ἕξιν τε καί δύναμιν ψυχῆς τε καί σώματος καθαίρων καί τῷ νῷ μονιμωτέραν ἀπεργασάμενος τήν κάθαρσιν, δεκτικόν τῆς θεοποιοῦ χάριτος τόν ἄνθρωπον ποιεῖται. ∆ιά τοῦτο τό θεῖον «παθούμενον καθαίρει, καθαῖρον δέ θεοειδεῖς ἀπεργάζεται˙ τοιούτοις δέ γενομένοις, ὡς οἰκείους ἤδη προσομιλεῖ τολμᾷ τι νεανικόν ὁ λόγος ὁ Θεός θεοῖς ἑνούμενός τε καί γνωριζόμενος˙ καί τοσοῦτον ἴσως, ὅσον ἤδη γινώσκει τούς γινωσκομένους». Ποῦ τό ἀμυδρόν ἐνταῦθα τῆς ἐλλάμψεως; «καθ᾿ ὅσον γάρ», φησί, γινώσκει ὁ Θεός αὐτούς, κατά τοσοῦτον ἴσως καί αὐτοί», φησί, «γινώσκουσι Θεόν». Πῶς; Οὐ διανοίας ἀμυδραῖς ἐπιβολαῖς, καθάπερ ἀρχόμενος τοῦ λόγου εἴρηκεν, ἐλλ᾿ ἐν Θεῷ Θεόν εἰδότες καί διά τῆς πρός αὐτόν ἑνώσεως θεοειδεῖς ἤδη γεγονότες καί θεοειδεῖ δυνάμει ταῖς θειοτάταις ἐπιβάλλοντες χάρισι τοῦ Πνεύματος, αἷς ἐνατενίζειν τούς μή θεοειδεῖς καί νῷ μόνῳ ζητοῦντας τά περί Θεόν ἀμήχανον. «

Ἀλλ᾿ ὡς μέν τῇ θεοειδῆ τόν ἄνθρωπον ποιούσῃ χάριτι τόν Θεόν γινώσκει ὁ παθών, ἤδη γέγονε σαφές. Πόθεν δ᾿ ὅτι καί φῶς αὕτη ἐστίν εἰσόμεθα; Παρά τοῦ αὐτοῦ πάλιν ἤ καί ἄλλου του τῶν διά πείρας διδασκόντων. Παρίτω τοίνυν ἕτερος, ὡς πλείους εἶναι τούς συμμαρτυροῦντας. Εἰπών γάρ (σελ.718) ὁ θεῖος Μάξιμος τήν γενησομένην ἐπί τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος τῶν ἁγίων ἕνωσιν πρός τό τῆς θείας ἁπλότητος κρύφιον, ἐπάγει˙ «καθ᾿ ὅν τῆς ἀφανοῦς καί ὑπεραρρήτου δόξης τό φῶς ἐποπτεύοντες, τῆς μακαρίας μετά τῶν ἄνω δυνάμεων καί αὐτοί δεκτικοί γίνονται καθαρότητος». Ἀλλά πόθεν ὅτι καί θέωσις τουτί τό φῶς; Τοῦ αὐτοῦ πάλιν ἄκουσον˙ εἰπών γάρ τόν τρόπον ὡς ἐφικτόν τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ πρός τούς θεοποιουμένους ἑνώσεως, ὡς ψυχῆς πρός σῶμα γίνεται τρόπον, ἵν᾿ ὅλος ἄνθρωπος θεωθῇ, τῇ τοῦ ἐνανθρωπήσαντος Θεοῦ χάριτι θεουργούμενος, ἐπάγει˙ «ὅλος ἄνθρωπος μένων κατά ψυχήν καί σῶμα διά τήν χάριν καί τήν ἐμπρέπουσαν αὐτῷ διόλου θείαν τῆς μακαρίας δόξης λαμπρότητα». Εἶδες ὡς λαμπρότης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστι τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο; Τί οὖν, ἡ λαμπρότης τοῦ Θεοῦ κτιστόν; Ἀλλά τῶν ἑξῆς ἄκουε˙ «μεθ᾿ ἥν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπινοῆσαί τι λαμπρότερον ἤ ὑψηλότερον˙ τί γάρ θεώσεως τοῖς ἀξίοις ἐρασμιώτερον;». Ἤκουσας ὅτι ἡ λαμπρότης αὕτη θέωσίς ἐστι καί ὡς οὐδέν τοῖς ἀξιωθεῖσιν ὑψηλότερον τῆς θεωρίας ταύτης; Ἀλλά θέλεις μαθεῖν ὡς αὕτη ἐστί δι᾿ ἧς τοῖς ἀξίοις ὁ Θεός ἑνοῦται; Τῶν ἑξῆς αὖθις ἄκουσον˙ «καθ᾿ ἥν ὁ Θεός, θεοῖς