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an attack called anthrax on account of its fiery nature—which, while spreading over the whole body, caused dangerous perils for the sufferers, but also especially attacking the eyes for the most part, rendered countless men, along with women and children, blind. 9.8.2 To these things was added for the tyrant the war against the Armenians, men who from ancient times were friends and allies of the Romans, whom, as they were themselves Christians and earnestly practiced piety toward the divine, the God-hater, having tried to compel them to sacrifice to idols and demons, had made enemies instead of friends, and foes instead of allies. 9.8.3 Indeed, all these things, converging at one and the same time, exposed the tyrant's presumptuous boasting against the divine, in that he had boasted that, on account of his zeal for idols and his war against us, neither famine nor pestilence nor indeed war would happen in his times. These things therefore, coming together at the same time, comprised the prelude to his destruction. 9.8.4 He himself, therefore, along with his armies, was hard-pressed in the war against the Armenians, while the rest of the inhabitants of the cities under him were terribly worn down by both famine and pestilence, so that one measure of wheat was exchanged for two thousand five hundred Attic drachmas. 9.8.5 And so countless were those who died in the cities, and more than these were those in the country and villages, so that the once populous registers of the country-folk were nearly completely wiped out, as almost all were suddenly destroyed by lack of food and by the pestilential disease. 9.8.6 Some, therefore, saw fit to sell their dearest possessions to the more prosperous for the smallest amount of food, while others, selling off their property little by little, were driven to the last extremity of want. And some, having chewed small scraps of hay and eating certain noxious herbs without restraint, were destroyed by ruining the constitution of their bodies. 9.8.7 And some of the noblewomen in the cities, driven to shameless necessity by their destitution, came forth to beg in the marketplaces, betraying by the modesty in their countenance and the propriety in their dress a token of their former liberal upbringing. 9.8.8 And some, wasted away like dead idols, at death's door, trembling and staggering here and there, fell down from inability to stand. Lying prostrate in the middle of the streets, they begged for a small morsel of bread to be extended to them, and with their life at its last breaths, they cried out that they were hungry, being strong enough only for this most painful cry. 9.8.9 But others, as many as seemed to be of the more prosperous class, dismayed at the multitude of beggars, after giving countless times, then turned to a harsh and inflexible disposition, expecting that they themselves would very soon suffer the same things as the beggars. So that now in the middle of marketplaces and narrow streets, dead and naked bodies, cast about unburied for many days, offered a most pitiful sight to those who saw them. 9.8.10 Indeed, some even became food for dogs, for which reason especially the living turned to killing dogs, for fear that they might go mad and resort to cannibalism. 9.8.11 And not least the pestilence ravaged all the houses, especially those which the famine, because of their abundance of food, was not able to destroy. Thus those in abundance, rulers and governors and countless officials, as if purposely left by the famine for the pestilential disease, suffered a swift and sudden death. All things, therefore, were full of wailing, and throughout all the narrow streets, marketplaces, and squares there was nothing else to be seen but lamentations, along with their customary flutes and sounds of beating. 9.8.12 In this way indeed, warring with the two aforementioned weapons, pestilence and famine together, death in a short time devoured whole families, so that one could now see the dead bodies of two and three carried out for one burial

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πυρώδους ἕνεκεν ἄνθραξ προσαγορευόμενον-ἐπιφορά, ὃ καὶ καθ' ὅλων μὲν ἕρπον τῶν σωμάτων σφαλεροὺς ἐνεποίει τοῖς πεπονθόσι κινδύνους, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν διαφερόντως ἐπὶ πλεῖστον γινόμενον μυρίους ὅσους ἄνδρας ἅμα γυναιξὶν καὶ παισὶν πηροὺς ἀπειργάζετο. 9.8.2 τούτοις προσεπανίσταται τῷ τυράννῳ ὁ πρὸς Ἀρμενίους πόλεμος, ἄνδρας ἐξ ἀρχαίου φίλους τε καὶ συμμάχους Ῥωμαίων, οὓς καὶ αὐτοὺς Χριστιανοὺς ὄντας καὶ τὴν εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβειαν διὰ σπουδῆς ποιουμένους ὁ θεομισὴς εἰδώλοις θύειν καὶ δαίμοσιν ἐπαναγκάσαι πεπειραμένος, ἐχθροὺς ἀντὶ φίλων καὶ πολεμίους ἀντὶ συμμάχων κατεστήσατο. 9.8.3 ἀθρόως δὴ ταῦτα πάντα ὑφ' ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν συρρεύσαντα καιρόν, τῆς τοῦ τυράννου θρασύτητος τὴν κατὰ τοῦ θείου μεγαλαυχίαν διήλεγξεν, ὅτι δὴ τῆς περὶ τὰ εἴδωλα αὐτοῦ σπουδῆς καὶ τῆς καθ' ἡμῶν ἕνεκα πολιορκίας μὴ λιμὸν μηδὲ λοιμὸν μηδὲ μὴν πόλεμον ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ συμβῆναι καιρῶν ἐθρασύνετο. ταῦτα δ' οὖν ὁμοῦ καὶ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπελθόντα, καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ καταστροφῆς περιειλήφει τὰ προοίμια. 9.8.4 αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν περὶ τὸν πρὸς Ἀρμενίους πόλεμον ἅμα τοῖς αὐτοῦ στρατοπέδοις κατεπονεῖτο, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς τῶν τὰς ὑπ' αὐτὸν πόλεις οἰκούντων δεινῶς ὁ λιμός τε ἅμα καὶ ὁ λοιμὸς κατετρυχέτην, ὡς ἑνὸς μέτρου πυρῶν δισχιλίας καὶ πεντακοσίας Ἀττικὰς ἀντικαταλλάττεσθαι. 9.8.5 μυρίοι μὲν οὖν ἐτύγχανον οἱ κατὰ πόλεις θνῄσκοντες, πλείους δὲ τούτων οἱ κατ' ἀγρούς τε καὶ κώμας, ὡς ἤδη καὶ τὰς πάλαι τῶν ἀγροίκων πολυάνδρους ἀπογραφὰς μικροῦ δεῖν παντελῆ παθεῖν ἐξάλειψιν, ἀθρόως σχεδὸν ἁπάντων ἐνδείᾳ τροφῆς καὶ λοιμώδει νόσῳ διεφθαρμένων. 9.8.6 τινὲς μὲν οὖν τὰ ἑαυτῶν φίλτατα βραχυτάτης τροφῆς τοῖς εὐπορωτέροις ἀπεμπολᾶν ἠξίουν, ἄλλοι δὲ τὰς κτήσεις κατὰ βραχὺ διαπιπράσκοντες εἰς ἐσχάτην ἐνδείας ἀπορίαν ἤλαυνον, ἤδη δέ τινες σμικρὰ χόρτου διαμασώμενοι σπαράγματα καί τινας ἀνέδην φθοροποιοὺς ἐσθίοντες πόας, τὴν τῶν σωμάτων ἕξιν λυμαινόμενοι διώλλυντο. 9.8.7 καὶ γυναίων δὲ τῶν κατὰ πόλεις εὐγενίδων τινὲς εἰς ἀναίσχυντον ἀνάγκην πρὸς τῆς ἀπορίας ἐλαθεῖσαι, μεταιτεῖν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγορῶν προεληλύθεσαν, τῆς πάλαι ἐλευθερίου τροφῆς ὑπόδειγμα διὰ τῆς περὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αἰδοῦς καὶ τῆς ἀμφὶ τὴν περιβολὴν κοσμιότητος ὑποφαίνουσαι. 9.8.8 καὶ οἳ μὲν ἀπεσκληκότες ὥσπερ εἴδωλα νεκρὰ ὧδε κἀκεῖσε ψυχορραγοῦντες ἐνσειόμενοί τε καὶ περιολισθαίνοντες ὑπ' ἀδυναμίας τοῦ στῆναι κατέπιπτον ἐν μέσαις τε πλατείαις πρηνεῖς ἡπλωμένοι ὀρέξαι σφίσιν μικρὸν τρύφος ἄρτου κατηντιβόλουν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν πρὸς ἐσχάταις ἔχοντες ἀναπνοαῖς πεινῆν ἐπεβόων, πρὸς μόνην ταύτην τὴν ὀδυνηροτάτην φωνὴν εὐσθενεῖς καθιστάμενοι· 9.8.9 οἳ δὲ τὴν πληθὺν τῶν αἰτούντων καταπληττόμενοι, ὅσοι τῶν εὐπορωτέρων ἐδόκουν εἶναι, μετὰ τὸ μυρία παρασχεῖν εἰς ἀπηνῆ λοιπὸν καὶ ἄτεγκτον ἐχώρουν διάθεσιν, τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν ὅσον οὔπω καὶ αὐτοὶ πείσεσθαι προσδοκῶντες, ὥστ' ἤδη κατὰ μέσας ἀγορὰς καὶ στενωποὺς νεκρὰ καὶ γυμνὰ σώματα ἐφ' ἡμέραις πλείοσιν ἄταφα διερριμμένα θέαν τοῖς ὁρῶσιν οἰκτροτάτην παρέχειν. 9.8.10 ἤδη γέ τοι καὶ κυνῶν τινες ἐγίνοντο βορά, δι' ἣν μάλιστα αἰτίαν οἱ ζῶντες ἐπὶ τὴν κυνοκτονίαν ἐτράποντο δέει τοῦ μὴ λυσσήσαντας ἀνθρωποφαγίαν ἐργάσασθαι. 9.8.11 οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ καὶ ὁ λοιμὸς πάντας οἴκους ἐπεβόσκετο, μάλιστα δ' οὓς ὁ λιμὸς διὰ τὸ εὐπορεῖν τροφῶν οὐχ οἷός τε ἦν ἐκτρῖψαι· οἱ γοῦν ἐν περιουσίαις, ἄρχοντες καὶ ἡγεμόνες καὶ μυρίοι τῶν ἐν τέλει, ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες τῇ λοιμώδει νόσῳ πρὸς τοῦ λιμοῦ καταλελειμμένοι, ὀξεῖαν καὶ ὠκυτάτην ὑπέμενον τελευτήν. πάντα δ' οὖν οἰμωγῶν ἦν ἀνάπλεα, κατὰ πάντας τε στενωποὺς ἀγοράς τε καὶ πλατείας οὐδ' ἦν ἄλλο τι θεωρεῖν ἢ θρήνους μετὰ τῶν συνήθων αὐτοῖς αὐλῶν τε καὶ κτύπων. 9.8.12 τοῦτον δὴ τὸν τρόπον δυσὶν ὅπλοις τοῖς προδεδηλωμένοις λοιμοῦ τε ὁμοῦ καὶ λιμοῦ στρατεύσας, ὅλας ὁ θάνατος ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενεὰς ἐνεμήθη, ὡς ὁρᾶν ἤδη δυεῖν καὶ τριῶν σώματα νεκρῶν ὑπὸ μίαν ἐκφορὰν