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what he once did in the case of Jephthah, this he hoped to do after these things as well. For that man also, having promised to God to slay the first person to meet him after the victory in war, fell into child-murder; for he sacrificed his little daughter who was the first to meet him. And why do I say child-murder? For the evil one contrived to find a murder even more accursed than this again. For if he had sinned knowingly and was slain, the deed would have been only child-murder; but now, sinning out of ignorance (for he had not even heard the oaths), and then being killed, he would have made the grief for his father twofold. Then one of the soldiers, he says, seeing this, says: Your father has bound the people with an oath, that whoever eats bread today; and the people fainted. And Jonathan said, My father has ruined and destroyed everyone. So when the oath was transgressed, all were silent, and no one dared to bring the responsible one into the open. And this now became no small crime; for not only those who swear falsely, but also those who are aware and conceal it, share in the crimes. And the priest said, Let us draw near to God. And Saul inquired of God, Shall I go down after the Philistines, and will you deliver them into my hands? And the Lord did not answer him on that day. See the gentleness and kindness of the philanthropic God; for he did not send a thunderbolt, nor did he shake the earth, but what friends do to friends when they have been insulted, this the Master did to his servant. And Saul said: Bring forward the tribes of the people, and see in whom this sin has occurred today; for as the Lord who saved Israel lives, if it be against my son Jonathan, he shall surely die. And before the sinner was revealed, he had made the judgment, and not knowing who was taken, he pronounced sentence, and the father became an executioner, and before the investigation he cast the condemning vote. And why say much? He committed the matter to a lot. And Saul said, Cast a lot between me and Jonathan. And Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me then what you have done, And Jonathan said, I did indeed taste a little honey with the end of the scepter that was in my hand, and, behold, I must die. Whom would these words not have swayed, whom would they not have brought to pity; Consider what a storm Saul then endured, his heart being torn apart, and with a very deep chasm opening up on either side. And not even so was he brought to his senses, but what does he say? May God do so to me, and more also, for you shall surely die today. And the people said to Saul: May God do so to us, and more also, if he who has wrought this great salvation for Israel shall be put to death; as the Lord lives, not a hair of his head shall fall to the ground, for he has wrought mercy from God on this day. Behold, the people also swore a second time, and swore an oath against the 63.777 king. It was necessary, then, for the oath to be broken; for it was impossible for all of them to keep their oaths. For if the king had wished to resist and carry out the oath, all the people would have resisted, and a most harsh tyranny would have occurred; again, if the son, sparing his own life, had wished to give himself to the army, he would have immediately become a patricide. Do you see tyranny and child-murder and patricide and civil war and battle and slaughter and blood and countless dead lying from one oath? have you seen what a chasm 63.778 of destruction an oath has constructed? Therefore, so that we too may not suffer things similar to those, let us abstain from the evil habit of oaths, so that by this we may draw upon ourselves the favor of God, and we may pass through the present life safely, and we may obtain the good things to come, by the grace and love for mankind of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom is the glory and the power, with the Father and the all-holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

DISCOURSE 29. Concerning innocence and forbearance and bearing a grudge.

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ὅπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰεφθάε ποτὲ ἐποίησε, τοῦτο καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ποιήσειν ἤλπιζε. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ὑποσχόμενος τῷ Θεῷ τὸν πρῶτον ἀπαντήσοντα αὐτῷ μετὰ τὴν τοῦ πολέμου νίκην κατασφάξειν, εἰς παιδοκτονίαν ἐνέπεσε· τὸ γὰρ θυγάτριον πρῶτον ἀπαντῆσαν αὐτῷ κατέθυσε. Καὶ τί λέγω παιδοκτονίαν; ἐπενόησε γὰρ ὁ πονηρὸς καὶ τούτου πάλιν ἐναγέστερον φόνον εὑρεῖν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἰδὼς ἥμαρτε καὶ ἐσφάγη, παιδοκτονία μόνον τὸ γινόμενον ἦν· νυνὶ δὲ ἐξ ἀγνοίας ἁμαρτὼν (οὐδὲ γὰρ ἤκουσε τῶν ὅρκων), εἶτα ἀναιρεθεὶς, διπλοῦν ἂν ἐποίησε τῷ πατρὶ τὸ ἄλγος. Εἶτα ἰδὼν, φησὶ, τὶς τῶν στρατιωτῶν, λέγει· Ὁρκώσας ὥρκωσεν ὁ πατήρ σου τὸν λαὸν, ὃς φάγεται ἄρτον σήμερον· καὶ ἐξελύθη ὁ λαός. Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωνάθαν, Ἀπώλεσε καὶ διέφθειρεν ὁ πατήρ μου ἅπαντας. Παραβαθέντος τοίνυν τοῦ ὅρκου πάντες ἐσίγων, καὶ οὐδεὶς τὸν ὑπεύθυνον εἰς μέσον ἀγαγεῖν ἐτόλμα. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ἔγκλημα λοιπὸν ἐγίνετο· οὐ γὰρ οἱ ἐπιορκοῦντες μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ συνειδότες καὶ περιστέλλοντες κοινωνοῦσι τῶν ἐγκλημάτων. Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ἱερεὺς, Προσέλθωμεν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν. Καὶ ἐπηρώτησε Σαοὺλ τὸν Θεὸν, Εἰ καταβῶ ὀπίσω τῶν ἀλλοφύλων, καὶ εἰ παραδώσεις αὐτοὺς εἰς χεῖράς μου; καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ὁ Κύριος. Ὅρα πραότητα καὶ ἐπιείκειαν τοῦ φιλανθρώπου Θεοῦ· οὐ γὰρ σκηπτὸν ἀφῆκεν, οὐδὲ τὴν γῆν ἔσεισεν, ἀλλ' ὅπερ φίλοι πρὸς φίλους ποιοῦσιν, ἐπειδὰν ὑβρισθῶσι, τοῦτο πρὸς τὸν δοῦλον ὁ ∆εσπότης ἐποίησε. Καὶ εἶπε Σαούλ· Προσαγάγετε τὰς φυλὰς τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ ἴδετε ἐν τίνι γέγονεν ἡ ἁμαρτία αὕτη σήμερον· ὅτι ζῇ Κύριος ὁ σώσας τὸν Ἰσραὴλ, ὅτι ἐὰν ἀποκριθῇ κατὰ Ἰωνάθαν τοῦ υἱοῦ μου, θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖται. Καὶ οὔπω τοῦ ἡμαρτηκότος φανέντος, τὴν κρίσιν πεποίηται, καὶ τὸν ἁλόντα οὐκ εἰδὼς ἀπεφήνατο, καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἐγένετο δήμιος, καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἐξετάσεως τὴν καταδικάζουσαν ψῆφον ἐξήνεγκε. Καὶ τί δεῖ τὰ πολλὰ λέγειν; κλήρῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπέτρεψε. Καὶ εἶπε Σαοὺλ, Βάλετε κλῆρον ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ Ἰωνάθαν. Καὶ εἶπε Σαοὺλ πρὸς Ἰωνάθαν, Ἀπάγγειλον δή μοι τί ἐποίησας, Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωνάθαν, Γευσάμενος ἐγευσάμην ἐν ἄκρῳ τῷ σκήπτρῳ τῷ ἐν τῇ χειρί μου μικροῦ μέλιτος, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποθνήσκω. Τίνα οὐκ ἂν ἔκαμψε, τίνα οὐκ ἂν εἰς οἶκτον ἤνεγκε ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα· Ἐννόησον ὅσον χειμῶνα λοιπὸν ὁ Σαοὺλ ὑπέμεινε, τῶν σπλάγχνων αὐτῷ διακοπτομένων, καὶ ἑκατέρωθεν βαθυτάτου κρημνοῦ φερομένου. Καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐσωφρονίζετο, ἀλλὰ τί φησι; Τάδε ποιήσαι μοι ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τάδε προσθείη, ὅτι θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ σήμερον. Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς Σαούλ· Τάδε ποιήσαι ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τάδε προσθείη, εἰ θανάτῳ θανατωθήσεται ὁ ποιήσας τὴν σωτηρίαν τὴν μεγάλην τῷ Ἰσραήλ· ζῇ Κύριος, εἰ πεσεῖται τῆς τριχὸς τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ὅτι ἔλεον Θεοῦ ἐποίησεν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ. Ἰδοὺ καὶ ὁ δῆμος δεύτερον ὤμοσε, καὶ ἀντώμοσε τῷ βα 63.777 σιλεῖ. Ἀνάγκη λοιπὸν διαῤῥαγῆναι τὸν ὅρκον· πάντας γὰρ εὐορκῆσαι τούτους ἀδύνατον. Εἰ γὰρ ἠθέλησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀντιστῆναι καὶ ἐπεξελθεῖν τῷ ὅρκῳ, πᾶς ὁ δῆμος ἀντέστη, καὶ τυραννὶς ἂν ἐγένετο χαλεπωτάτη· πάλιν εἰ ἠθέλησεν ὁ παῖς τῆς οἰκείας φειδόμενος σωτηρίας δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ, πατροκτόνος εὐθέως ἂν ἐγένετο. Ὁρᾷς καὶ τυραννίδα καὶ παιδοκτονίαν καὶ πατροκτονίαν καὶ πόλεμον ἐμφύλιον καὶ μάχην καὶ σφαγὰς καὶ αἵματα καὶ μυρίους νεκροὺς ἀφ' ἑνὸς ὅρκου κειμένους; εἶδες ὁποῖον ὅρ 63.778 κος τῆς ἀπωλείας τὸ βάραθρον κατεσκεύασεν; Ἵν' οὖν μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς τὰ παραπλήσια ἐκείνοις πεισώμεθα, ἀποστῶμεν τῆς πονηρᾶς τῶν ὅρκων συνηθείας, ὡς ἂν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν εὔνοιαν ἐντεῦθεν ἐπισπασάμενοι, καὶ τὸν παρόντα βίον ἀσφαλῶς διανύσωμεν, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος, σὺν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ τῷ παναγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΚΘʹ. Περὶ ἀκακίας καὶ ἀνεξικακίας καὶ μνησικακίας.