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to expect, nor to await anything painful remaining there. But when he said, *Few are they that find it*, he here again both showed the carelessness of the many, and instructed his hearers not to pay attention to the prosperity of the many, but to the labors of the few. For the greater part, he says, not only do not walk it, but do not even choose it; which is a matter for the gravest accusation. But one must not pay attention to the many, nor be disturbed by this, but emulate the few, and by gathering oneself from all sides, so walk it. For besides its being narrow, many also are those who trip up the way that leads there. Therefore He added: *Beware of false prophets; for they will come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.* Behold, after the dogs and swine, another kind of snare and plot, much more difficult than that one. For the former are confessed and manifest, but these are disguised. Therefore He commanded to abstain from the former, but to examine these with accuracy, as it is not possible to see them at first glance. Therefore He said, *Beware*, making them more precise for their discernment. Then, lest having heard “narrow” and “afflicted,” and that one must walk contrary to the many, and be on guard against swine and dogs, and after these another more wicked race, that of wolves; lest they should be downcast at the multitude of painful things, being about to go contrary to the many, and after this again to have concern for these things, He reminded them of what happened in the time of their fathers, calling them false prophets; for then too such things happened. Do not be troubled, therefore, he says; for nothing new or strange will happen. For the devil always weaves deceit alongside the truth. And by false prophets here it seems to me he is not hinting at heretics, 57.316 but at those of a corrupt life, but wearing a mask of virtue, whom the many are accustomed to call by the name of impostors. Therefore He added, saying: *By their fruits you shall know them*. For among heretics it is often possible to find a good life; but among these whom I have mentioned, by no means. What then, he says, if they should be hypocrites in these things also? But they will be easily caught. For such is the nature of this way, which I commanded you to walk, laborious and painful; but the hypocrite would not choose to labor, but only to show off; therefore he is easily exposed. For since He said, *Few are they that find it*, He cleanses them again from those who do not find it, but are hypocrites, commanding not to look only at those wearing masks, but at those who pursue it with truth. And for what reason, he says, did He not make them manifest, but cast us into the search? So that we may be vigilant, and be in a state of struggle continually, guarding against not only the manifest enemies, but also the hidden ones; whom Paul also hinted at when he said, that *by good words they deceive the hearts of the simple.* Therefore let us not be troubled, whenever we see many such men existing now also. For Christ foretold this also from the beginning. 7. And see His gentleness. For He did not say, Punish them, but, Be not harmed by them, do not fall among them unguarded. Then, lest you should say that it is impossible to recognize such men, He again lays down a reasoning from a human example, saying thus: *Do they gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles? So every good tree brings forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree brings forth evil fruit. A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit.* But what he says is this: They have nothing tame, nothing sweet; the sheep is only as far as the skin; therefore the discernment is also easy. And that you may not have even the slightest doubt, He compares things that cannot happen otherwise to natural necessities. Which Paul also said: *For the mind of the flesh is death; for it is not subject to the law of God; for neither can it be.* And if he puts the same thing a second time, it is not a tautology. For lest anyone should say, that the evil

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προσδοκᾷν, οὐδὲ ἐκεῖ λυπηρόν τι λοιπὸν ἐκδέχεσθαι. Εἰπὼν δὲ, ὅτι Ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτὴν, πάλιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ῥᾳθυμίαν ἐδήλωσε, καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντας ἐπαίδευσε μὴ ταῖς τῶν πολλῶν εὐημερίαις προσέχειν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς τῶν ὀλίγων πόνοις. Οἱ γὰρ πλείους, φησὶν, οὐ μόνον αὐτὴν οὐ βαδίζουσιν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ αἱροῦνται· ὅπερ ἐσχάτης κατηγορίας ἐστίν. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοῖς πολλοῖς δεῖ προσέχειν, οὐδὲ ἐντεῦθεν θορυβεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ ζηλοῦν τοὺς ὀλίγους, καὶ πανταχόθεν ἑαυτοὺς συγκροτοῦντας οὕτως αὐτὴν βαδίζειν. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τῷ στενὴν εἶναι, πολλοὶ καὶ οἱ ὑποσκελίζοντες τὴν ἐκεῖσε φέρουσάν εἰσιν ὁδόν. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε· Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν· ἐλεύσονται γὰρ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσι λύκοι ἅρπαγες. Ἰδοὺ μετὰ τῶν κυνῶν καὶ χοίρων ἕτερον εἶδος ἐνέδρας καὶ ἐπιβουλῆς, πολὺ χαλεπώτερον ἐκείνου. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὡμολογημένοι καὶ φανεροὶ, οὗτοι δὲ συνεσκιασμένοι. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐκείνων μὲν ἀπέχεσθαι ἐκέλευσε, τούτους δὲ καὶ διασκέπτεσθαι μετὰ ἀκριβείας, ὡς οὐκ ἐνὸν ἐκ πρώτης αὐτοὺς ἰδεῖν προσβολῆς. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἔλεγε, Προσέχετε, πρὸς τὴν διάγνωσιν αὐτῶν ἀκριβεστέρους ποιῶν. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ στενὴν ἀκούσαντες καὶ τεθλιμμένην, καὶ ὅτι ἐναντίαν τοῖς πολλοῖς δεῖ βαδίζειν, καὶ χοίρους φυλάττεσθαι καὶ κύνας, καὶ μετὰ τούτων ἕτερον πονηρότερον γένος τοῦτο τὸ τῶν λύκων· ἵνα μὴ τῷ πλήθει τῶν λυπηρῶν καταπέσωσι, μέλλοντες καὶ ἐναντίαν τοῖς πολλοῖς ἰέναι, καὶ μετὰ τούτων πάλιν καὶ τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἔχειν φροντίδα, ἀνέμνησε τῶν ἐπὶ τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν γενομένων, ψευδοπροφήτας καλέσας· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τότε τοιαῦτα συνέβαινε. Μὴ τοίνυν θορυβεῖσθε, φησίν· οὐδὲν γὰρ καινὸν οὐδὲ ξένον συμβήσεται. Τῇ γὰρ ἀληθείᾳ παρυφίστησιν ἀεὶ τὴν ἀπάτην ὁ διάβολος. Ψευδοπροφήτας δὲ ἐνταῦθα οὐ τοὺς αἱρετικοὺς αἰνίττεσθαί 57.316 μοι δοκεῖ, ἀλλὰ τοὺς βίου μὲν ὄντας διεφθαρμένου, προσωπεῖον δὲ ἀρετῆς περικειμένους, οὓς τῇ τῶν ἐπιθέτων προσηγορίᾳ καλεῖν εἰώθασιν οἱ πολλοί. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς. Παρὰ γὰρ αἱρετικοῖς ἔστι πολλάκις καὶ βίον εὑρεῖν· παρὰ δὲ τούτοις, οἷς εἶπον, οὐδαμῶς. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ἂν καὶ ἐν τούτοις ὑποκρίνωνται; Ἀλλὰ ἁλώσονται ῥᾳδίως. Τοιαύτη γὰρ ἡ τῆς ὁδοῦ ταύτης φύσις, ἣν ἐκέλευσα βαδίζειν, ἐπίπονος καὶ μοχθηρά· ὁ δὲ ὑποκριτὴς πονεῖν οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιτο, ἀλλ' ἐπιδείκνυσθαι μόνον· διὸ καὶ ἐλέγχεται ῥᾳδίως. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτὴν, ἐκκαθαίρει πάλιν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν οὐχ εὑρισκόντων μὲν, ὑποκρινομένων δὲ, κελεύων μὴ τοὺς τὰ προσωπεῖα περικειμένους μόνον ὁρᾷν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μετὰ ἀληθείας μετιόντας αὐτήν. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐ καταδήλους αὐτοὺς ἐποίησε, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἔρευναν ἐνέβαλεν; Ἵνα γρηγορῶμεν, καὶ ἐναγώνιοι διαπαντὸς ὦμεν, μὴ τοὺς φανεροὺς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς κρυπτομένους ἐχθροὺς φυλαττόμενοι· οὕσπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Παῦλος αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Τῇ χρηστολογίᾳ ἐξαπατῶσι τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀκάκων. Μὴ τοίνυν θορυβώμεθα, ἐπειδὰν πολλοὺς ἴδωμεν τοιούτους καὶ νῦν ὄντας Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο προεῖπεν ἄνωθεν ὁ Χριστός. ζʹ. Καὶ ὅρα τὴν ἡμερότητα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπε, Κολάσατε αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ, Μὴ βλαβῆτε παρ' αὐτῶν, μὴ ἀφύλακτοι αὐτοῖς περιπέσητε. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ λέγῃς, ὅτι ἀδύνατον ἐπιγνῶναι τοὺς τοιούτους, πάλιν λογισμὸν ἀπὸ παραδείγματος ἀνθρωπίνου τίθησιν, οὕτω λέγων· Μήτι συλλέγουσιν ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν στραφυλὰς, ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα; Οὕτω πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ· τὸ δὲ σαπρὸν δένδρον καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖ. Οὐ δύναται δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖν, οὐδὲ δένδρον σαπρὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖν. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Οὐδὲν ἔχουσιν ἥμερον, οὐδὲ γλυκύ· μέχρι τῆς δορᾶς τὸ πρόβατον· διὸ καὶ εὔκολος ἡ διάγνωσις. Καὶ ἵνα μηδὲ τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδοιάζῃς, φυσικαῖς ἀνάγκαις παραβάλλει τὰ οὐκ ἐγχωροῦντα ἄλλως γενέσθαι. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγε· Τὸ γὰρ φρόνημα τῆς σαρκὸς, θάνατος· τῷ γὰρ νόμῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐχ ὑποτάσσεται· οὐδὲ γὰρ δύναται. Εἰ δὲ δεύτερον τὸ αὐτὸ τίθησιν, οὐκ ἔστι ταυτολογία. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις εἴπῃ, ὅτι τὸ πονηρὸν