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to treat the provincials harshly, but rather by flattery and persuasion to recall them to the worship of the gods. 9.9a.3 At that time therefore, when, in accordance with my command, the orders were being carried out by the judges, it happened that no one from the eastern parts was either exiled or treated with insolence, but rather, from the fact that no harsh measures were taken against them, they were being recalled to the worship of the gods; 9.9a.4 But after these things, when in the past year I happily arrived at Nicomedia and was spending time there, citizens of that same city came to me together with the images of the gods, begging insistently that in no way should such a nation be permitted to live in their native city. 9.9a.5 But when I learned that many men of this same religion were living in these very parts, I gave them this answer, that I was gladly thankful for their petition, but I saw that this was not requested by all; if, then, any were persisting in the same superstition, each one should thus have the choice in his own resolve and, if they wished, acknowledge the worship of the gods. 9.9a.6 Nevertheless, both to the Nicomedians of that same city and to the other cities, which have also zealously made the same request to me, namely that no Christian should dwell in the cities, I was compelled to reply kindly that all the ancient emperors had guarded this very thing, and it had pleased the gods themselves, through whom all men and the administration of public affairs itself are maintained, so I should confirm so great a petition, which they bring forward on behalf of the worship of their divinity. 9.9a.7 Therefore, although it has already been enjoined on your Devotion before this time by letters, and has likewise been ordered by commands, that you should do nothing harsh against the provincials who have been zealous to preserve such a custom, but should treat them with forbearance and moderation; nevertheless, so that they might endure neither insults nor extortions from the beneficiarii nor from any others, I thought it proper also by this letter to remind your Firmness that you should cause our provincials to acknowledge the worship of the gods more by flatteries and persuasions; 9.9a.8 whence, if anyone of his own choice should accept the recognized worship of the gods, it is fitting to receive them; but if any wish to follow their own religion, you may leave it in their own power. 9.9a.9 Therefore your Devotion ought to observe what is entrusted to you, and authority should be given to no one to wear down our provincials with insults and extortions, since, as has been written before, it is fitting to recall our provincials to the worship of the gods more by persuasions and flatteries. And so that this our command may come to the knowledge of all our provincials, you ought to declare what has been commanded by an edict published by you.” 9.9a.10 Having given these orders under compulsion, and not according to his own judgment, he was no longer truthful or trustworthy in the eyes of any, on account of his previous vacillating and falsified opinion after a similar concession. 9.9a.11 Therefore none of our people dared to hold a synod or to show himself in public, because the letter did not intend this, permitting us only to be kept free from molestation, but not commanding us to hold synods or to build houses of churches or to perform any other of our customary practices. 9.9a.12 And yet the champions of peace and piety had enjoined him to permit these things, and had granted them to all under them through edicts and laws; but the most impious one had not chosen to yield in this, except when, driven by divine justice, he was at last brought to it unwillingly. 9.10.1 A cause of this kind encompassed him. The greatness of the power entrusted to him undeservedly

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προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἐπαρχιώταις ἀπηνῶς, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον κολακείᾳ καὶ προτροπαῖς πρὸς τὴν τῶν θεῶν θρῃσκείαν αὐτοὺς ἀνακαλεῖν. 9.9α.3 τηνικαῦτα οὖν, ὅτε ἀκολούθως τῇ κελεύσει τῇ ἐμῇ ὑπὸ τῶν δικαστῶν ἐφυλάττετο τὰ προστεταγμένα, συνέβαινεν μηδένα ἐκ τῶν τῆς ἀνατολῆς μερῶν μήτε ἐξόριστον μήτε ἐνύβριστον γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἐκ τοῦ μὴ βαρέως κατ' αὐτῶν τι γίνεσθαι εἰς τὴν τῶν θεῶν θρῃσκείαν ἀνακεκλῆσθαι· 9.9α.4 μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα, ὅτε τῷ παρελθόντι ἐνιαυτῷ εὐτυχῶς ἐπέβην εἰς τὴν Νικομήδειαν κἀκεῖ διετέλουν, παρεγένοντο πολῖται τῆς αὐτῆς πόλεως πρός με ἅμα μετὰ τῶν ξοάνων τῶν θεῶν μειζόνως δεόμενοι ἵνα παντὶ τρόπῳ τὸ τοιοῦτον ἔθνος μηδαμῶς ἐπιτρέποιτο ἐν τῇ αὐτῶν πατρίδι οἰκεῖν. 9.9α.5 ἀλλ' ὅτε ἔγνων πλείστους τῆς αὐτῆς θρῃσκείας ἄνδρας ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς μέρεσιν οἰκεῖν, οὕτως αὐτοῖς τὰς ἀποκρίσεις ἀπένεμον ὅτι τῇ μὲν αἰτήσει αὐτῶν ἀσμένως χάριν ἔσχηκα, ἀλλ' οὐ παρὰ πάντων τοῦτο αἰτηθὲν κατεῖδον· εἰ μὲν οὖν τινες εἶεν τῇ αὐτῇ δεισιδαιμονίᾳ διαμένοντες, οὕτως ἕνα ἕκαστον ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ προαιρέσει τὴν βούλησιν ἔχειν καὶ εἰ βούλοιντο, τὴν τῶν θεῶν θρῃσκείαν ἐπιγινώσκειν. 9.9α.6 ὅμως καὶ τοῖς τῆς αὐτῆς πόλεως Νικομηδεῦσιν καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς πόλεσιν, αἳ καὶ αὐταὶ εἰς τοσοῦτον τὴν ὁμοίαν αἴτησιν περισπουδάστως πρός με πεποιήκασιν, δηλονότι ἵνα μηδεὶς τῶν Χριστιανῶν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἐνοικοίη, ἀνάγκην ἔσχον προσφιλῶς ἀποκρίνασθαι, ὅτι δὴ αὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι αὐτοκράτορες πάντες διεφύλαξαν καὶ αὐτοῖς τοῖς θεοῖς, δι' οὓς πάντες ἄνθρωποι καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ τῶν δημοσίων διοίκησις συνίσταται, ἤρεσεν οὖν ὥστε τὴν τοσαύτην αἴτησιν, ἣν ὑπὲρ τῆς θρῃσκείας τοῦ θείου αὐτῶν ἀναφέρουσιν, βεβαιώσαιμι. 9.9α.7 τοιγαροῦν εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα καὶ τῇ σῇ καθοσιώσει πρὸ τούτου τοῦ χρόνου διὰ γραμμάτων ἐπέσταλται καὶ δι' ἐντολῶν ὁμοίως κεκέλευσται ἵνα μὴ κατὰ τῶν ἐπαρχιωτῶν τὸ τοιοῦτον ἔθος διαφυλάξαι ἐπιμεληθέντων μηδὲν τραχέως, ἀλλὰ ἀνεξικάκως καὶ συμμέτρως συμπεριφέροιντο αὐτοῖς, ὅμως ἵνα μήτε ὑπὸ τῶν βενεφικιαρίων μήτε ὑπ' ἄλλων τῶν τυχόντων ὕβρεις μήτε σεισμοὺς ὑπομένοιεν, ἀκόλουθον ἐνόμισα καὶ τούτοις τοῖς γράμμασιν τὴν σὴν στιβαρότητα ὑπομνῆσαι ὅπως ταῖς κολακείαις καὶ ταῖς προτροπαῖς μᾶλλον τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἐπιμέλειαν τοὺς ἡμετέρους ἐπαρχιώτας ποιήσειας ἐπιγινώσκειν· 9.9α.8 ὅθεν εἴ τις τῇ αὐτοῦ προαιρέσει τὴν θρῃσκείαν τῶν θεῶν ἐπιγνωστέον προσλάβοι, τούτους ὑποδέχεσθαι προσήκει· εἰ δέ τινες τῇ ἰδίᾳ θρῃσκείᾳ ἀκολουθεῖν βούλοιντο, ἐν τῇ αὐτῶν ἐξουσίᾳ καταλείποις. 9.9α.9 διόπερ ἡ σὴ καθοσίωσις τὸ ἐπιτραπέν σοι διαφυλάττειν ὀφείλει, καὶ μηδενὶ ἐξουσία δοθῇ ὥστε τοὺς ἡμετέρους ἐπαρχιώτας ὕβρεσι καὶ σεισμοῖς ἐπιτρῖψαι, ὁπότε, ὥσπερ προγέγραπται, ταῖς προτροπαῖς μᾶλλον καὶ ταῖς κολακείαις πρὸς τὴν τῶν θεῶν θρῃσκείαν τοὺς ἡμετέρους ἐπαρχιώτας προσήκει ἀνακαλεῖν. ἵνα δὲ αὕτη ἡμῶν ἡ κέλευσις εἰς γνῶσιν πάντων τῶν ἐπαρχιωτῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἔλθῃ, διατάγματι ὑπὸ σοῦ προτεθέντι τὸ κεκελευσμένον ὀφείλεις δηλῶσαι.» 9.9α.10 ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἐκβεβιασμένος, ἀλλ' οὐ κατὰ γνώμην τὴν αὐτοῦ διακελευσάμενος, οὐκέτ' ἀληθὴς οὐδ' ἀξιόπιστος παρὰ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἦν τῆς πρόσθεν ἤδη μετὰ τὴν ὁμοίαν συγχώρησιν παλιμβόλου καὶ διεψευσμένης αὐτοῦ γνώμης ἕνεκα. 9.9α.11 οὔκουν ἐτόλμα τις τῶν ἡμετέρων σύνοδον συγκροτεῖν οὐδ' ἑαυτὸν ἐν φανερῷ καταστήσασθαι, ὅτι μηδὲ τοῦτ' ἤθελεν αὐτῷ τὸ γράμμα, αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ ἀνεπηρέαστον ἡμῖν ἐπιτρέπον φυλάττεσθαι, οὐ μὴν συνόδους ἐπικελεῦον ποιεῖσθαι οὐδ' οἴκους ἐκκλησιῶν οἰκοδομεῖν οὐδ' ἄλλο τι τῶν ἡμῖν συνήθων διαπράττεσθαι. 9.9α.12 καίτοι γε ταῦθ' οἱ τῆς εἰρήνης καὶ εὐσεβείας προήγοροι· αὐτῷ τε ἐπιτρέπειν ἐπεστάλκεσαν καὶ τοῖς ὑπ' αὐτοὺς ἅπασιν διὰ προγραμμάτων καὶ νόμων συγκεχωρήκεσαν· οὐ μὴν ὁ δυσσεβέστατός γε ταύτῃ ἐνδοῦναι προῄρητο, εἰ μὴ ὅτε πρὸς τῆς θείας συνελαθεὶς δίκης ὕστατόν γε ἄκων ἐπὶ τοῦτ' ἤχθη. 9.10.1 Ἐκπεριῆλθεν δ' αὐτὸν τοιαύτη τις αἰτία. τὸ μέγεθος τῆς οὐ κατ' ἀξίαν ἐπιτραπείσης