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driving from Syria; this Cassius, hurrying into Judaea, takes thirty thousand Jews captive, having taken Tarichaeae, and kills Pitholaus as being an accomplice to the partisans of Aristobulus 362 and his children against Hyrcanus and Antipater. An accomplice to the murder was the same Antipater, winning over the Roman potentates everywhere with gifts and other assistance, among whom also with the king of the Arabs, Aretas, he became very friendly through marriage with a notable Arabian woman, Kypros, from whom he had four sons, Phasael and Herod who afterwards reigned over the Hebrews after Hyrcanus, the first foreigner, and a third Joseph, and Pheroras the fourth. Since he undertook the war ostensibly against Aristobulus and his children, he entrusts his sons with his daughter Salome to Aretas. These things have been prepared beforehand by me not simply, but because I wish to show how, as the divine incarnation of the only-begotten Son and Word of God and our Savior Jesus Christ was drawing near, a ruler from Judah and a leader from his loins failed, according to the prophecy of the patriarch Jacob. Alexander, the elder son of Aristobulus, having escaped from Pompey, holds power over the Jews for a short time, and also for a little while, over Hyrcanus, if Gabinius, sent into Syria as Scaurus' successor, had not sent Mark Antony ahead with some force and attacked them with a greater assault. There Alexander, not withstanding the attack of Antony, with Antipater and the other Jewish champions of Hyrcanus following, flees to Jerusalem, having lost six thousand men to the valor of Antony. everywhere, but especially here, Pompey confirmed the high priesthood for Hyrcanus. The same man appointed the Jews as tributaries to the Romans. The same man appointed Antipater, a foreigner, a son and the father of Herod, as procurator of Palestine. Gaius Julius Caesar subdued Lusitania, the Gauls, the Britons, and certain islands around the Ocean. 363 The same man, crossing the river Rhine, subdued the Germans and Gauls. The statue in Olympia was struck by lightning. Gaius Caesar fought against Pompey. Gaius Julius, having subdued the Gauls and Britons and Germans in the greatest struggles, and having made the inhabitants of 500 cities tributaries to the Romans with much sweat, warring for 10 years against the invincible barbarians at the very streams of the Ocean, returned to Rome for a greater triumph, and failing to get this, he becomes angry with the Romans, as Pompey was opposing him and was jealous of his victories, along with many of the senate. Thence the second civil war for the Romans was joined in Pharsalus of Thessaly after the return of Gaius to Rome, as has been said, Pompey's wife, Julia, the daughter of Caesar, having died around the time of childbirth. This man also, having freed Aristobulus from his bonds, sends him into Syria with two legions, confident of holding it through him, along with Judaea; who, upon his arrival, is killed by poison by the friends of Pompey, not being deemed worthy of burial in his ancestral land, but being preserved in honey, until Antony ordered him to be buried in the royal tombs. At the same time in Antioch his son Alexander is also killed by Scipio, at Pompey's written order. The same Pompey comes as a fugitive in a single merchant ship to Ptolemy and Cleopatra in Egypt, having abandoned Rome, and so great a champion is finally killed by Ptolemy as a favor to Gaius Julius Caesar. Having heard this, Gaius, coming into Egypt against Pompey with his troops, kills Ptolemy on account of Pompey's murder, 364 but confirms the rule of Egypt for Cleopatra alone, on account of his love for her, as they say, and again he returns to Rome through Judaea, as Pompey's children were rising up against him. Then also Antigonus, in the time of Gaius Caesar, having pleaded his case against Hyrcanus and Antipater concerning the murder of his father Aristobulus and his brother Alexander, makes an accusation with those around Pompey and

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Συρίας ἐλάσαν τος· ὃς Κάσσιος εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν ἐπειγόμενος τρισμυρίους Ἰουδαίους αἰχμαλωτίζει Ταριχαίας ἑλὼν καὶ Πισίαλον κτείνει ὡς τοῖς Ἀριστοβού 362 λου καὶ τῶν τέκνων στασιασταῖς κατὰ Ὑρκανοῦ καὶ Ἀντιπάτρου σύνδρομον. Τοῦ δὲ φόνου σύνδρομος ἦν ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀντίπατρος, ἐξοικειούμενος τοὺς πανταχοῦ Ῥωμαίων δυνάστας δώροις καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἐπικουρίαις, ἐν οἷς καὶ τῷ τῶν Ἀράβων βασιλεῖ Ἀρέτᾳ σφόδρα φιλιωθεὶς δι' ἐπιγαμίαν ἐπισήμου γυναικὸς Ἀραβίσσης Κύπριδος, ἐξ ἧς υἱοὺς ἔσχε δʹ, Φασάιλον καὶ τὸν κατόπιν Ἡρώδην βασιλεύσαντα Ἑβραίων μετὰ Ὑρκανὸν πρῶτονἀλλογενῆ καὶ τρίτον Ἰώσηπον καὶ Φερωρὰν τέταρτον. ἐπειδὴ τὸν κατὰ Ἀριστοβούλου δῆθεν καὶ τῶν τέκνων ἀνείλετο πόλεμον, τῷ Ἀρέτᾳ τοὺς υἱεῖς σὺν θυγατρὶ Σαλώμῃ παρατίθεται. Ταῦτα δέ μοι προπαρεσκεύασται οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ δεῖξαι βουλομένῳ πῶς ἐγγιζούσης τῆς τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ καὶ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ θείας σαρκώσεως ἐξέλιπεν ἄρχων ἐξ Ἰούδα καὶ ἡγούμενος ἐκ τῶν μηρῶν αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὴν πρόρρησιν τοῦ πατριάρχου Ἰακώβ. Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀριστοβούλου υἱὸς πρεσβύτερος Πομπήιον ἀποδρὰς κρατεῖ πρὸς βραχὺ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ αὐτοῦ μικρὸν δὴ καὶ Ὑρκανοῦ, εἰ μὴ Γαβίνιος εἰς Συρίαν πεμφθεὶς Σκαύρου διάδοχος Μάρκον Ἀντώνιον μετὰ δυνά μεώς τινος προπέμψας ἐπῆλθεν αὐτοῖς μετὰ πλείονος προσβολῆς. ἔνθα μὴ ἐνέγκας Ἀλέξανδρος τὴν Ἀντωνίου προσβολὴν Ἀντιπάτρου παρεπομένου καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ὑπερμάχων Ὑρκανοῦ Ἰουδαίων φεύγει πρὸς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα ἑξακισχιλίους ἀποβαλὼν τῇ Ἀντωνίου γενναιότητι. πανταχοῦ μέν, μάλιστα δὲ ἐνταῦθα Πομπήιος Ὑρκανῷ τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην ἐκύρωσεν. ὁ αὐτὸς Ἰουδαίους Ῥωμαίοις ὑποφόρους ἔταξεν. ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀντίπατρον ἀλλόφυλον Ἡρώδου υἱὸν καὶ πατέρα τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἐπίτροπον κατέστησε. Γάιος Ἰούλιος Καῖσαρ Λυσιτανίαν, Γάλλους, Βρεττανοὺς καί τινας περὶ τὸν Ὠκεανὸν νήσους κατεστρέψατο. 363 Ὁ αὐτὸς τὸν Ῥῆνον ποταμὸν διαβὰς Γερμανοὺς καὶ Γάλλους ἐχειρώσατο. Τὸ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ ἄγαλμα ἐκεραυνώθη. Γάιος Καῖσαρ πρὸς Πομπήιον ἐπολέμησε. Γάιος Ἰούλιος μεγίστοις ἀγῶσι Γάλλους καὶ Βρεττανοὺς καὶ Γερμανοὺς καταστρεψάμενος ὑποτελεῖς τε Ῥωμαίοις φʹ πόλεις οἰκοῦντας καταστη σάμενος πολλοῖς ἱδρῶσιν, ἐπὶ ιʹ ἔτη τοῖς ἀπροσμάχοις βαρβάροις κατα πολεμῶν πρὸς αὐτοῖς Ὠκεανοῦ ῥεύμασιν, ἐπὶ θριάμβῳ μείζονι ἐπανῆλθεν ἐν Ῥώμῃ καὶ τούτου ἀποτυχὼν ὀργίζεται Ῥωμαίοις ἀνταίροντος Πομπηίου καὶ ταῖς νίκαις ζηλοτυποῦντος μετὰ πολλῶν τῆς συγκλήτου. ἔνθεν τὸ δεύτερον ἐμφύλιος Ῥωμαίοις συνέστη πόλεμος ἐν Φαρσάλῳ τῆς Θεττα λίας μετὰ τὴν ἐν Ῥώμῃ Γαΐου ἐπάνοδον, ὡς εἴρηται, τῆς Πομπηίου γα μετῆς, θυγατρὸς δὲ τοῦ Καίσαρος Ἰουλίας μετηλλαχυίας περὶ τὸν τοκετόν. Οὗτος καὶ τὸν Ἀριστόβουλον λύσας τῶν δεσμῶν μετὰ δύο ταγμάτων εἰς Συρίαν ἐκπέμπει, δι' αὐτοῦ ταύτην ἔχειν θαρρῶν μετὰ τῆς Ἰουδαίας· ὃς ἐλθὼν ἀναιρεῖται φαρμάκῳ παρὰ τῶν Πομπηίου φίλων, ταφῆς οὐκ ἀξιού μενος ἐν τῇ πατρῴᾳ γῇ, μέλιτι δὲ συντηρούμενος, ἕως Ἀντώνιος αὐτὸν τοῖς βασιλικοῖς μνήμασι προσέταξε ταφῆναι. ἐν ταὐτῷ δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν ὑπὸ Σκηπίωνος ἀναιρεῖται καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ, Πομπηίου γρά ψαντος. Ὁ δ' αὐτὸς Πομπήιος ἔρχεται φυγὰς ὁλκάδι μιᾷ πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον καὶ Κλεοπάτραν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καταλείψας τὴν Ῥώμην, καὶ ἀναιρεῖται λοιπὸν ὁ τηλικοῦτος ἀριστεὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου τῇ πρὸς Γάιον Ἰούλιον Καίσα ρα χάριτι. ὅπερ ἀκούσας Γάιος ἐλθὼν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ κατὰ τοῦ Πομπηίου σὺν τοῖς στρατεύμασιν ἀναιρεῖ μὲν τὸν Πτολεμαῖον διὰ τὸν Πομπηίου φόνον, 364 βεβαιοῖ δὲ τῇ Κλεοπάτρᾳ μόνῃ τὴν ἀρχὴν Αἰγύπτου διὰ τὸν πρὸς αὐτήν, ὥς φασιν, ἔρωτα, καὶ πάλιν εἰς Ῥώμην διὰ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐπάνεισιν, ἐπαναστάντων αὐτῷ τῶν Πομπηίου παίδων. Τότε καὶ Ἀντίγονος ἐπὶ Γαΐου Καίσαρος πρὸς Ὑρκανὸν καὶ Ἀντίπατρονπολλὰ περὶ τοῦ φόνου τοῦ πατρὸς Ἀριστοβούλου καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ δικαιολογηθεὶς κατηγορεῖ σὺν τοῖς περὶ Πομπήιον καὶ