165

These things Paul said then, but now I say them; not only to the brothers present do I say the same things, but also to those who are absent. No one has plundered your possessions; but if some have plundered them, show hospitality from what you have. For what defense shall we have then, when these men hear these things even after the plundering of their possessions, And see, here he says, Do not forget to do good, having said above, hospitality; not signifying one thing and another, but the same thing by a different word. And he did not say, Do not forget entertaining strangers, but, hospitality; that is, do not simply entertain strangers, but with love for the strangers. And he did not speak of the future and laid-up reward, lest he should again make them more remiss, but that which was already given; for he added, For by it some have entertained angels unawares. But let us look at what was said from the beginning. Marriage, he says, is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled. How is marriage honorable? Because in chastity, he says, it preserves the faithful one. Here he alludes also to 63.228 the Jews, because they considered the marriage bed abominable; And whoever is, he says, from the bed, is not clean. Things from nature are not abominable, O senseless and unfeeling Jew, but things from choice; for if marriage is honorable and pure, why do you think you are defiled by it? Let your conduct, he says, be without covetousness. Since many, after having emptied their possessions, later wish to regain them again under the pretext of almsgiving, for this reason he says, Let your conduct be without covetousness; that is, that we should be concerned with need and necessities. What then, he says, if we do not even have an abundance of these things? This is not so, it is not so; for He Himself has said, and He does not lie, I will never leave you nor forsake you. So we may boldly say: The Lord is my helper; I will not fear what man can do to me. As if he were saying, You have the promise from Him, do not doubt it then; He Himself has promised, do not dispute it. And the saying, I will never leave you, he says not only concerning money, but also concerning all other things. The Lord is my helper; I will not fear what man can do to me. He fittingly added the Prophet's saying, sealing his discourse with this, and making them more eager, so as not to give up. Let us, therefore, say this in all temptations, and let us laugh at human affairs; as long as we have God favorable to us, no one will overcome us. For just as when He is an enemy, even if all are our friends, there is no gain; so when He is a friend, even if all war against us, there is no harm. For this reason he said, I will not fear what man can do to me. Remember those who rule over you, who have spoken the word of God to you. Here I think he is also speaking about giving aid; for this is what is meant by, who have spoken the word of God to you. Whose faith follow, considering the outcome of their conduct. What is, Considering? Constantly turning over, examining within yourselves, reflecting, searching accurately, testing as you wish. He well said, The outcome of their conduct; that is, their way of life to the very end; because their conduct had a good end. Jesus, he says, Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever. What he says is this: Do not think that He worked wonders then, but does not work wonders now; He is the same, and since He is the same, there is no time when He is not able to perform the same works. Perhaps looking to this he said, Remember those who rule over you. Do not be carried about with various and strange doctrines. — Strange, that is, contrary to what you heard from us; Various, of all kinds; for such things have nothing stable, but are different, and especially the difference of foods; wherefore also directing himself to this he adds, For it is good that the heart be established by grace, not with foods. These various things, these strange things. Here he ridicules them for the observance of foods; for he shows that from the observance of foods they fell into teaching other doctrines, and from these they were carried away to various and strange teachings. And see how he does not dare openly

165

Ταῦτα τότε μὲν ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγε, νῦν δὲ ἐγὼ λέγω· οὐχὶ πρὸς τοὺς παρόντας μόνον ἀδελφοὺς δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ λέγω, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀπόντας. Οὐδεὶς τὰ ὑπάρχοντα ὑμῶν ἥρπασεν· εἰ δέ τινες καὶ ἡρπάκασιν, ἐκ τῶν ἐνόντων τὴν φιλοξενίαν ἐπιδείκνυσθε. Τίνα γὰρ ἕξομεν ἡμεῖς ἀπολογίαν λοιπὸν, τούτων καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἁρπαγὴν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ταῦτα ἀκουόντων, Καὶ ὅρα, ἐνταῦθα λέγει, Τῆς εὐποιίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε, εἰπὼν ἀνωτέρω, Τῆς φιλοξενίας· οὐκ ἄλλο καὶ ἄλλο δηλῶν, ἀλλὰ τὸ αὐτὸ δι' ἑτέρας λέξεως. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Τῆς ξενοδοχίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε, ἀλλὰ, Τῆς φιλοξενίας· τουτέστι, Μὴ ἁπλῶς ξενοδοχεῖτε, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τοῦ φιλεῖν τοὺς ξένους. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε τὴν μέλλουσαν καὶ ἀποκειμένην ἀμοιβὴν, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν αὐτοὺς ὑπτιωτέρους ἐργάσηται, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἤδη δοθεῖσαν· ἐπήγαγε γὰρ, ∆ι' αὐτῆς ἔλαθόν τινες ξενίσαντες ἀγγέλους. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ἄνωθεν τὰ εἰρημένα. Τίμιος ὁ γάμος, φησὶν, ἐν πᾶσι, καὶ ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος. Πῶς τίμιος ὁ γάμος; Ὅτι ἐν σωφροσύνῃ, φησὶ, διατηρεῖ τὸν πιστόν. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ 63.228 Ἰουδαίους αἰνίττεται, ὅτι βδελυρὰν ἡγοῦντο τὴν κοίτην· Καὶ ὃς ἂν ᾖ, φησὶν, ἀπὸ κοίτης, οὐκ ἔστι καθαρός. Οὐκ ἔστι βδελυρὰ τὰ ἀπὸ φύσεως, ὦ ἄγνωμον καὶ ἀναίσθητε Ἰουδαῖε, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἀπὸ προαιρέσεως· εἰ γὰρ τίμιος ὁ γάμος καὶ καθαρὸς, τί δήποτε καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ μιαίνεσθαι νομίζεις; Ἀφιλάργυρος, φησὶν, ὁ τρόπος. Ἐπειδὴ πολλοὶ μετὰ τὸ κενῶσαι τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, ὕστερον βούλονται προσχήματι ἐλεημοσύνης ἀνακτᾶσθαι πάλιν αὐτὰ, διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος· τουτέστιν, ἵνα τῆς χρείας ὦμεν καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων. Τί οὖν, ἂν μηδὲ τούτων, φησὶν, εὐπορῶμεν; Οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο, οὐκ ἔστιν· αὐτὸς γὰρ εἶπε, καὶ οὐ ψεύδεται, ὅτι Οὐ μή σε ἀνῶ, οὐδ' οὐ μή σε ἐγκαταλίπω. Ὥστε θαῤῥοῦντας ἡμᾶς λέγειν· Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθὸς, καὶ οὐ φοβηθήσομαι τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος. Ὡσεὶ ἔλεγε, Τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν ἔχεις παρ' αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀμφίβαλλε λοιπόν· αὐτὸς ἐπηγγείλατο, μὴ ἀμφισβήτει. Τὸ δὲ, Οὐ μή σε ἀνῶ, οὐ περὶ χρημάτων μόνον φησὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων λέγει. Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθὸς, καὶ οὐ φοβηθήσομαι τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος. Εἰκότως τὸ τοῦ προφήτου ἐπήγαγεν, ἐπισφραγίζων τούτῳ τὸν λόγον, καὶ προθυμοτέρους μᾶλλον ποιῶν, ὥστε μὴ ἀπαγορεύειν. Τοῦτο τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐν πᾶσι λέγωμεν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς, καὶ καταγελῶμεν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων· ἕως ἂν ἔχωμεν τὸν Θεὸν ἡμῖν εὐμενῆ, οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν περιέσται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκείνου ἐχθροῦ ὄντος, κἂν πάντες ἡμῖν ὦσι φίλοι, κέρδος οὐδέν· οὕτως αὐτοῦ φίλου ὄντος, κἂν ἅπαντες ἡμᾶς πολεμῶσιν, οὐδεμία βλάβη. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγεν, Οὐ φοβηθήσομαι τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος. Μνημονεύετε τῶν ἡγουμένων ὑμῶν, οἵτινες ἐλάλησαν ὑμῖν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ περὶ ἐπικουρίας αὐτὸν οἶμαι λέγειν· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ, Οἵτινες ἐλάλησαν ὑμῖν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὧν ἀναθεωροῦντες τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς, μιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν. Τί ἐστιν, Ἀναθεωροῦντες; Συνεχῶς στρέφοντες, παρ' ἑαυτοῖς ἐξετάζοντες, λογιζόμενοι, ζητοῦντες ἀκριβῶς, ὡς βούλεσθε βασανίζοντες. Καλῶς εἶπε, Τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς· τουτέστι, τὴν μέχρι τέλους πολιτείαν· ὅτι τέλος ἔσχε χρηστὸν αὐτῶν ἡ ἀναστροφή. Ἰησοῦς, φησὶ, Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον, ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ὃ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι· Μὴ νομίσητε ὅτι τότε ἐθαυματούργησε, νῦν δὲ οὐ θαυματουργεῖ· ὁ αὐτός ἐστι, καὶ ἐπεὶ ὁ αὐτός ἐστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτε μὴ δύναται τὰ αὐτὰ ἐνεργεῖν. Τάχα πρὸς τοῦτο ἀφορῶν εἶπε, Μνημονεύετε τῶν ἡγουμένων ὑμῶν. ∆ιδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις μὴ παραφέρεσθε. -Ξέναις, τουτέστι, Παρ' ἃς ἠκούσατε παρ' ἡμῶν· Ποικίλαις, παντοδαπαῖς· αἱ τοιαῦται γὰρ οὐδὲν βέβαιον ἔχουσιν, ἀλλ' εἰσὶ διάφοροι, μάλιστα δὲ τὸ τῶν βρωμάτων διάφορον· διὸ καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο ἱστάμενος ἐπάγει, Καλὸν γὰρ χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν. Αἱ ποικίλαι αὗται, αἱ ξέναι αὗται. Ἐνταῦθα εἰς παρατήρησιν βρωμάτων αὐτοὺς κωμῳδεῖ· δείκνυσι γὰρ ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν βρωμάτων παρατηρήσεως εἰς τὸ ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν ἐξέπεσον, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων πρὸς τὰς ποικίλας καὶ ξένας διδαχὰς ἐξηνέχθησαν. Καὶ ὅρα αὐτὸν οὐ τολμῶντα φανερῶς